Resistor ndi gawo lamagetsi la ma terminals awiri lomwe limapereka kukana kwamagetsi ngati gawo lozungulira kuti lichepetse kuthamanga kwamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabwalo apakompyuta pakulekanitsa ma voltage, kuchepetsa pano, kupondereza phokoso komanso kusefa. Koma resistor ndi wamkulu kuposa izo. Chifukwa chake ngati ndinu watsopano ku zamagetsi kapena mukungofuna kudziwa zambiri zazomwe zimatsutsa, ndiye kuti positi iyi ndi yanu! Kodi resistor imachita chiyani mudera lamagetsi? Resistor ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limayang'anira kuthamanga kwamagetsi mudera ndipo limapereka kukana kwamagetsi. Zotsutsa zimalepheretsa ma surges, ma surges ndi zosokoneza kuti zifike pamagetsi ovuta monga zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi. Chizindikiro chotsutsa ndi gawo la muyeso Gawo la kukana ndi…

Diode ndi gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi awiri lomwe limalepheretsa kuyenda kwamagetsi kumbali imodzi ndikulola kuti liziyenda momasuka mbali ina. Ili ndi ntchito zambiri pamabwalo apakompyuta ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowongolera, ma inverters, ndi ma jenereta. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona bwino lomwe diode ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito. Tiwonanso zina mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi. Ndiye tiyeni tiyambe! Kodi diode imagwira ntchito bwanji? Diode ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimalola kuti madzi aziyenda mbali imodzi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mabwalo amagetsi. Amagwira ntchito pamaziko a zida za semiconductor zomwe amapangidwira, zomwe zitha kukhala mtundu wa N kapena P-mtundu. Ngati diode ndi mtundu wa N, imadutsa pano ...

Relay ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limatha kuwongolera kuyenda kwamagetsi mudera. Kupatsirana kumatha kuyatsidwa nthawi imodzi ndikuchotsedwanso mphamvu kwina. Izi zimathandiza kuti relay atsegule ndi kutseka, komanso kusokoneza ndi kubwezeretsa mabwalo amagetsi. Cholemba chabuloguchi chikukuwonetsani zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza ma relay. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kudziwa za ma relay, pitilizani kuwerenga! Kodi relay imagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani? Relay itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yambiri yazinthu. Mwachitsanzo, choyatsira galimoto chimakhala ndi ma relay angapo omwe amawongolera zinthu monga pampu yamafuta ndi zoyatsira moto. Zimakhalanso zofala kwambiri pazida zapakhomo monga toaster kapena firiji. M'malo mwake, zida zapakhomo zambiri zamakono zili ndi ma relay ambiri.…

Multimeter imawonetsa 50 milliamp ngati 0.05 amps pazenera. Ukafunsa bwanji? Khalani nafe chifukwa, mu positi iyi yabulogu, tiyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane momwe 50 milliamp imawoneka pa multimeter! Kodi multimeter ndi chiyani ndipo imachita chiyani? Multimeter ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, kuphatikiza ma voltage, apano komanso kukana. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mabatire, ma wiring ndi zida zina zamagetsi. Multimeters nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi miyeso yambiri yamagetsi komanso yapano, komanso miyeso ingapo yokana. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyesa ma capacitors ndi ma diode. Multimeter ndi chida chofunikira pamagetsi. Izi…

Kodi mukudziwa chomwe transformer ndi? Takupezani! Transformer ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimasamutsa magetsi pakati pa mabwalo awiri kapena kuposerapo. Transformers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya AC (alternating current) siginecha. Koma si zokhazo. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zida zodabwitsazi! Mbiri ya Transformer Transformer idapangidwa ndi injiniya waku America waku Hungary Otto Blaty mu 1884. Amakhulupirira kuti iye anauziridwa kuti apange chipangizocho ataona kuyesa kosatheka komwe kumaphatikizapo kudutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera muzitsulo. Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito ya Transformer Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya transformer imachokera pa lingaliro la kulowetsa. Mphamvu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa koyilo imodzi, imapanga mphamvu ya electromotive mu koyilo ina, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale polarized. Zomaliza…

Palibe choipa kuposa chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe sichimagulitsa. Lero tikambirana momwe mungayeretsere chitsulo cha soldering ndi malangizo ena oti musunge bwino. Mudzawona njira zitatu zosavuta zoyeretsera nsonga yanu yachitsulo kuti ziwoneke ngati mwagula kumene. Zizindikiro Zotsuka Sizigwira Ntchito Moyenera Pamene chitsulo chosungunulira sichikugwira ntchito bwino, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa nsonga yake ndi yopanda ukhondo. Ngati nsongayo ili yonyansa, solder sidzamamatira ndipo kugwirizana kudzakhala kofooka. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kutentha Ngati muwona kuti chitsulo chanu cha soldering chimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti chiwotche, zikutanthauza kuti gawo lake la okosijeni sililola kuti lizitentha. Pankhaniyi, gawo lowonongeka limakhala ngati insulator. Zikuwoneka ngati mukuyesera...

Kodi mukudziwa momwe mungatulutsire capacitor? Ngati sichoncho, musadandaule! Ichi ndiye chiwongolero chomaliza cha ma capacitor otulutsa. Tidzafotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kutulutsa capacitor. otetezeka sitepe ndi sitepe. Kodi capacitor ndi chiyani ndipo ndi chiyani? Capacitor ndi chipangizo chopangidwa kuti chisunge mphamvu zamagetsi. Imachita izi popanga gawo lamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri. Magetsi akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amalipira capacitor. Capacitance ya capacitor ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zingasunge ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa ku farads. Ma capacitor amachita ngati mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwanso mumayendedwe a AC. Amagwira ntchito yawo yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuzitumiza kumadera ena a dera. Chifukwa chiyani ma capacitors amafunikira kutulutsidwa? Monga tanena kale, ma capacitor amasunga magetsi ndi…

Pankhani ya soldering, chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti chitsulo chanu cha soldering chiri pa kutentha koyenera musanayambe. Ngati nsongayo siyikutentha mokwanira, solder siyikuyenda bwino ndipo mutha kukhala ndi solder yoyipa kwambiri. Ndiye kodi chitsulo chosungunuka chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti chitenthe? Tinayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo zazitsulo, tiyeni tiwone zotsatira zake. Kodi chitsulo chosungunula chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti chitenthedwe, ikafika nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti chitsulo chitenthedwe, palibe yankho lotsimikizika. Zimadalira mtundu ndi chitsanzo cha chitsulo, komanso momwe zimatenthera. Komabe, zitsulo zambiri zimatenga masekondi 30 mpaka mphindi imodzi kuti zifike kutentha kwathunthu. Ngati mukufulumira, nawa malangizo angapo okuthandizani kufulumizitsa ntchitoyi. Tiyeni tiwone zotsatira zake...

Kodi muli ndi magetsi m'nyumba mwanu omwe mukufuna kuti muzimitse? Ngati ndi choncho, mungafunike dimmer ya TRIAC. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tikambirana za TRIAC dimmer ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito. Kodi dimmer ya triac ndi chiyani? Zimagwira ntchito posintha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa ku babu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'nyumba kuwongolera nyali za incandescent kapena halogen, koma angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwongolera mphamvu zamagalimoto. Ma dimmer a TRIAC akukhala otchuka kwambiri chifukwa amapereka maubwino angapo kuposa ma switch achikhalidwe. Choyamba, ma dimmer a TRIAC ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuposa ma switch achikhalidwe. Iwonso…

Oscilloscope ndi chida chofunikira kwa aliyense amene akufuna kugwira ntchito ndi audio. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowona ma waveform, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti muzindikire ndikuthetsa zovuta zamawu. Mu positi iyi ya blog, tikambirana momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito oscilloscope pamawu. Kodi oscilloscope imachita chiyani? Oscilloscope ndi chida chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana kuwonetsa chizindikiro chamagetsi. Oscilloscope imawonetsa mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito powonera ma audio. Chidachi chimasintha ma siginecha amagetsi kukhala mafunde ndikuwawonetsa pa sikirini yazithunzi yomwe ili ndi x-axis ndi y-axis. Ngakhale y-axis ikuwonetsa kukula kwa phokoso, kusintha kwamphamvu pakapita nthawi kumawonetsedwa…

Mu kalozera kakang'ono komanso kosavuta, tikuwonetsani momwe mungakonzere waya wosweka popanda soldering. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwa iwo amene sadziwa solder kapena alibe nthawi kuchita izo. Zomwe mukufunikira ndi zida zingapo zosavuta komanso tepi yolumikizira! Kodi kuchotsa insulation? Kuchotsa waya ndi njira yachangu komanso yosavuta yomwe ingatheke ndi chida chovulira. Kuti muchotse zotsekera pawaya, choyamba mudule zotsekerazo ndi zowola zakuthwa. Kenako kanikizani chida chovulira pa waya ndikuchipotoza kuti muvule chotsekeracho. Mutatha kuchotsa chotchinga ndi mkuwa kuchokera ku waya, mukhoza kuyamba kukonza waya wosweka. Njira yolumikizira Wago - mphamvu: zolumikizira zazikulu za Wago…

Oscilloscope ndi chida chofunikira chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale cholinga cha oscilloscope ndikungoyezera ma siginecha amagetsi komanso kuphunzira momwe ma siginecha amasinthira pakapita nthawi, chidacho chimakhalanso chothandiza pothetsa mabwalo amagetsi. Komabe, zotsatira zomwe mumapeza ndi oscilloscope zimatengera momwe zimawerengedwera bwino. Oscilloscope yolinganizidwa bwino imapereka zotsatira zolondola zomwe mungadalire, pomwe chida chosawerengeka bwino chidzasokoneza zotsatira zanu. Chifukwa chake, mukufuna kuwongolera oscilloscope. Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndi momwe mungawerengere oscilloscope. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kalozera wagawo ndi sitepe pakuwongolera oscilloscope. Kodi calibration ndi chiyani? Calibration nthawi zambiri imafanizira zida ziwiri zoyezera.…

Ngati ndinu katswiri wamagetsi kapena mutangoyamba kumene magetsi, muyenera kudziwa zamagulu osiyanasiyana amagetsi. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi microfarad. Ndiye kodi ma microfarad pa multimeter ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiyankhe funso ili. Kodi timagwiritsa ntchito kuti ma microfarad? Ma Microfarad amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, kuphatikiza ma capacitor, ma transistors, ndi mabwalo ophatikizika. Koma nthawi zambiri mumakumana nawo poyesa capacitance ya capacitor. Kodi capacitor ndi chiyani? Capacitor ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira magetsi. Amakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zachitsulo zomwe zimayikidwa pafupi ndi zinthu zopanda conductive (zotchedwa dielectric) pakati. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa pa capacitor, imayendetsa mbale. Mphamvu zamagetsi zosungidwazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu zamagetsi…

ECU yolakwika nthawi zambiri imayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana ndi kuyendetsa bwino kwa galimoto. Ngakhale kuti ECU yolakwika ingapangitse kuti galimoto isayambe kuyaka, imatha kuchepetsanso mafuta. Choncho, mukufuna kudziwa pamene pali vuto ndi galimoto yanu injini ulamuliro wagawo ndi izo anakonza. Funso ndiloti, momwe mungayang'anire ECU ndi multimeter? Ngakhale mavuto osiyanasiyana angasonyeze kulephera kwa ECU, mavuto amenewa angakhale chifukwa cha zifukwa zina. Chifukwa chake, kubetcherana kwanu kwabwino ndikuthetsa ECU yanu ndikuzindikira ngati ili ndi vuto lagalimoto yanu. Chochititsa chidwi, multimeter ndi chida chosavuta chowonera ECU. Ndi multimeter mutha kuthana ndi ECU yanu ndi…

Magalimoto opangidwa m'zaka zamakono athandiza kuti moyo wathu ukhale wosavuta. Zida zamagetsi zomwe zinali mkati mwake zinali zothandiza kwambiri. Kodi mungayang'anire bwanji injini ndi kutumiza, komanso makina ena agalimoto, ndikungodina batani losavuta? Chabwino, zikuyenera kuchita ndi PCM (Powertrain Control Module). Nkhaniyi ikuwunikira mwachangu zina mwazinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma multimeter kuti muzindikire. Tiyeni tiyambe. Kodi PCM m'galimoto ndi chiyani? Ndiwoyang'anira ophatikizana a Engine Control Unit (ECU) ndi Transmission Control Unit (TCU), makompyuta awiri ofunika kwambiri. Imadziwikanso kuti gawo lowongolera poyatsira (ICM) kapena gawo lowongolera injini (ECM). Komabe, monga ndi zina zilizonse ...