Sulphuric acid amayendetsa magetsi?

Sulphuric acid ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'nyumba zambiri ndi mabizinesi. Kodi imayendetsa magetsi? Kodi kuyika kwakukulu kumakhudza makonzedwe ake amagetsi? Kodi sulfuric acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji ngati ikuyendetsa magetsi? Musanafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane, yankho lalifupi ndi ili:

Inde, asidi sulfuric khalidwes magetsi Zabwino kwambiri. Kwenikweni, ili ndi ntchito yapadera chifukwa cha magetsi ake apamwamba ogwira ntchitoVity. Komabe, ndi yaukali kwambiri, choncho iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.

Chenjerani! Sulfuric acid ndi chinthu chowononga kwambiri. Ndi zowononga pokhudzana ndi khungu kapena maso, kapena ngati atakoka mpweya. Kuuona kwambiri kungayambitse imfa. Igwireni mosamala kwambiri.

Kodi sulfuric acid imayendetsa magetsi ndi chiyani?

Autoprotolysis ndi ionization

Sulfuric acid, mchere acid wokhala ndi mankhwala a H₂SO₄lili ndi haidrojeni, mpweya ndi sulfure. Ndi madzi opanda mtundu, osanunkhiza, owoneka bwino omwe amasakanikirana ndi madzi. Kutha kwa sulfuric acid kuyendetsa bwino magetsi kumachitika chifukwa cha njira yotchedwa autoprotolysis. Ndi machitidwe omwe ma protonation (proton transfer) amapezeka pakati pa mamolekyu ofanana, kulola kupatukana.

Pamene sulfuric acid imasungunuka m'madzi, yankho limapangidwa ndi ionized ndi kupatukana kukhala haidrojeni (H.₃O⁺) ndi sulphate (HSO₄^-ions. Ndi ma ion awa omwe amanyamula ma charger ndikuwalola kuyendetsa magetsi. Akawonjezeredwa kumadzi, asidi wa sulfuric amakhala woyendetsa bwino kwambiri magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri m'njira zambiri. Tisanalowe mu izo, tiyeni tiwone momwe kukhazikika kumakhudzira momwe sulfuric acid imayendera magetsi.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid kumapangitsa kuti magetsi aziyenda kwambiri?

Dilute sulfuric acid imakhala yochepera 30% sulfuric acid polemera, pomwe sulfuric acid imakhala yoposa 98%. Mutha kuganiza kuti sulfuric acid yokhazikika ingakhale kondakitala wabwino wamagetsi kuposa mawonekedwe ochepetsedwa, koma izi sizili choncho.

Concentrated sulfuric acid imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yamagetsi kusiyana ndi kusungunula sulfuric acid. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchepa kwa H⁺ choncho₄^2- ions mu mawonekedwe okhazikika. Kuchulukirachulukira kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kuposa sulfuric acid, koma mphamvu yake yamagetsi imachepa. Dilute sulfuric acid imakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi chifukwa cha H⁺ ions.

Kugwiritsa ntchito sulfuric acid ngati conductor

Chitetezo choyamba

Kusamala ndikofunikira mukamagwira ntchito ndi chilichonse chomwe chili ndi sulfuric acid chifukwa ndichowopsa komanso chowononga kwambiri. Zitha kuyambitsa mayaka kwambiri, makamaka paziwopsezo zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuvala zida zodzitetezera izi:

• Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo cha manja monga magolovesi.
• Valani apuloni yoteteza.
• Valani magalasi otetezera kapena valani zowonera kumaso.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri

Sulphuric acid ili ndi ntchito zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ngati chotsukira kapena chotsukira mbale zachimbudzi. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomatira, zotsukira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala ena; m’gulu lankhondo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zophulika. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muulimi, utoto, kusindikiza, magalimoto ndi mafakitale ena. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Zambiri mwazinthuzi zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kutaya madzi m'thupi kapena kutulutsa okosijeni. Koma sulfuric acid imathandizanso kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamagetsi. Izi zikufufuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Sulfuric acid ngati electrolyte

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi ake ndi mabatire a lead-acid m'magalimoto ndi magalimoto ena. Mu batire ya asidi wotsogolera, sulfuric acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrolyte mu batri yagalimoto ikasakanizidwa ndi madzi. Choncho, sikuti amangoyendetsa magetsi, komanso amatha kudziunjikira magetsi.

Malingana ngati voteji yothamanga ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa batri ya asidi-lead, imagawanika kukhala ma ion awiri osiyana, mwachitsanzo, zabwino ndi zoipa. Ma ions amakakamizidwa kupatukana pomwe ma ion akuyenda mumtengo wawo wabwino. Mukathiridwa mokwanira, njira ya electrolyte (onani chithunzi pansipa) imakhala ndi asidi wambiri wa sulfuric mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Amasunga mphamvu zambiri zamakemikolo. Batire imatuluka ikalumikizidwa ndi katundu. Batire ya acid-lead imathandizira kuyambitsa galimoto ndi injini yoyaka mkati.

Kufotokozera mwachidule

Sulphuric acid amayendetsa magetsi kapena ayi? Tinawafotokozera kuti amachita bwino kwambiri. Tasonyeza kuti izi ndi chifukwa autoprotolysis, anafotokoza mmene angathe kuchititsa magetsi kudzera ionization wa ayoni haidrojeni ndi ayoni sulfate, ndi kuti ndende m'madzi kumapangitsa asidi sulfuric kwambiri conductive magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, tafotokoza momwe sulfuric acid imagwiritsidwira ntchito ngati electrolyte mu mabatire a lead-acid.

Onani zina mwazolemba zathu pansipa.

• Sucrose imayendetsa magetsi
• Nayitrogeni amayendetsa magetsi
• Mowa wa Isopropyl umayendetsa magetsi