Kodi diode ndi chiyani?

Diode ndi gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi awiri, imaletsa kuyenda panopa ku mbali imodzi ndipo amalola kuti aziyenda momasuka mbali ina. Ili ndi ntchito zambiri pamabwalo apakompyuta ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowongolera, ma inverters, ndi ma jenereta.

M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana kuyang'ana diode ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji. Tiwonanso zina mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi. Ndiye tiyeni tiyambe!

Kodi diode imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Diode ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe timatha madzi ayenera kuyenda mbali imodzi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mabwalo amagetsi. Amagwira ntchito pamaziko a zida za semiconductor zomwe amapangidwira, zomwe zitha kukhala mtundu wa N kapena P-mtundu. Ngati diode ndi N-mtundu, idzangodutsa panopa pamene magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi muvi wa diode, pamene ma diode amtundu wa P amangodutsa panopa pamene magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi muvi wake.

Zinthu za semiconductor zimalola kuti pakali pano ziziyenda, kupangazone yotsitsa', ili ndi dera lomwe ma elekitironi amaletsedwa. Pambuyo pogwiritsidwa ntchito, malo ochepetsera amafika kumapeto onse a diode ndipo amalola kuti madzi azidutsamo. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa "patsogolo kukondera".

Ngati voliyumu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito Mosiyana zinthu za semiconductor, kukondera kumbuyo. Izi zipangitsa kuti malo ocheperako afutukuke kuchokera kumalekezero amodzi okha a terminal ndikuyimitsa magetsi kuti asayende. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito panjira yofanana ndi muvi pa semiconductor ya mtundu wa P, semiconductor yamtundu wa P ikanakhala ngati mtundu wa N chifukwa imapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi asunthire mbali ina ya muvi wake.

Kutuluka kwa diode

Kodi ma diode amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Ma diode amagwiritsidwa ntchito tembenuzani kutsogolera panopa ku alternating panopa, pamene kutsekereza conduction n'zosiyana ma charger magetsi. Chigawo chachikuluchi chikhoza kupezekanso mu ma dimmers, ma motors amagetsi, ndi ma solar panels.

Ma diode amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakompyuta chitetezo zida zamagetsi zamakompyuta kuchokera pakuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamagetsi. Amachepetsa kapena kutsekereza magetsi ochulukirapo kuposa omwe amafunikira makina. Zimachepetsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamakompyuta, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa kutentha komwe kumachitika mkati mwa chipangizocho. Ma diode amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zapamwamba kwambiri monga uvuni, zotsukira mbale, uvuni wa microwave ndi makina ochapira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida izi kuti atetezedwe kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kukwera kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutha kwa magetsi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma diode

• kukonza
• Monga chosinthira
• Source Kudzipatula Circuit
• Monga reference voltage
• Chosakaniza pafupipafupi
• Bwezerani chitetezo chamakono
• Reverse chitetezo polarity
• Chitetezo cha Opaleshoni
• Chojambulira envelopu ya AM kapena demodulator (chojambulira diode)
• Monga gwero la kuwala
• Mu gawo labwino la sensor kutentha
• Mu gawo la sensor ya kuwala
• Batire ya solar kapena photovoltaic batire
• Monga chodulira
• Monga wosunga

Mbiri ya diode

Mawu akuti "diode" amachokera ku Chigiriki mawu akuti "diodous" kapena "diodos". Cholinga cha diode ndikulola magetsi kuyenda mbali imodzi yokha. Diode imathanso kutchedwa valavu yamagetsi.

Anapezeka Henry Joseph Round kupyolera mu kuyesa kwake ndi magetsi mu 1884. Kuyesera kumeneku kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chubu lagalasi lopuma, mkati mwake munali maelekitirodi azitsulo kumbali zonse ziwiri. Cathode ili ndi mbale yokhala ndi chiwongolero chabwino ndipo anode ili ndi mbale yokhala ndi mlandu woyipa. Mphamvu ikadutsa mu chubu, imawunikira, kuwonetsa kuti mphamvu ikuyenda mozungulira.

Amene anatulukira diode

Ngakhale kuti diode yoyamba ya semiconductor idapangidwa mu 1906 ndi John A. Fleming, imatchedwa William Henry Price ndi Arthur Schuster chifukwa chodzipangira yekha chipangizochi mu 1907.

William Henry Preece ndi Arthur Schuster

Mitundu ya diode

• Diode yaying'ono ya chizindikiro
• Chizindikiro chachikulu cha diode
• Stabilitron
• kuwala emitting diode (LED)
• DC Diodes
• Chidwi cha Schottky
• Shockley Diode
• Khwerero kuchira diodes
• tunnel diode
• Varactor diode
• laser diode
• Transient kupondereza diode
• Ma diode opangidwa ndi golide
• Ma diode apamwamba kwambiri
• Peltier diode
• kristalo diode
• Avalanche Diode
• Silicon Controlled Rectifier
• Vacuum diode
• PIN-diode
• polumikizana
• Diode Hanna

Diode yaying'ono ya chizindikiro

Diode yaying'ono ya siginecha ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chokhala ndi mphamvu yosinthira mwachangu komanso kutsika kwamagetsi otsika. Amapereka chitetezo chokwanira pakuwonongeka chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa electrostatic.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha diode

Diode yaikulu ya chizindikiro ndi mtundu wa diode umene umatumiza zizindikiro pamtunda wapamwamba wa mphamvu kuposa diode yaing'ono. Diode yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza AC kukhala DC. Diode yayikulu imatumiza chizindikiro popanda kutaya mphamvu ndipo ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa electrolytic capacitor.

Decoupling capacitor nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi diode yayikulu yolumikizira. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chipangizochi kumakhudza nthawi yochepa yoyankhira dera. Decoupling capacitor imathandizira kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwamagetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa impedance.

Stabilitron

Diode ya Zener ndi mtundu wapadera womwe umangoyendetsa magetsi m'derali mwachindunji pansi pa dontho lachindunji. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pomwe terminal imodzi ya zener diode ipatsidwa mphamvu, imalola kuti panopo isunthe kuchokera ku terminal kupita kumalo opangira mphamvu. Ndikofunika kuti chipangizochi chigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera ndikukhazikika, apo ayi chingawononge dera lanu kwamuyaya. Ndikofunikiranso kuti chipangizochi chigwiritsidwe ntchito panja, chifukwa chidzalephera ngati chikaikidwa mumlengalenga wa chinyezi.

Pamene mphamvu zokwanira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zener diode, kutsika kwa magetsi kumapangidwa. Ngati mphamvuyi ifika kapena kupitirira mphamvu yowonongeka ya makina, imalola kuti magetsi aziyenda kuchokera kumalo amodzi.

kuwala emitting diode (LED)

Diode yotulutsa kuwala (LED) imapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira semiconductor zomwe zimatulutsa kuwala pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yokwanira imadutsamo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za ma LED ndikuti amasintha mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi bwino kwambiri. Ma LED amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nyali zowonetsera kuti asonyeze zolinga pa zipangizo zamagetsi monga makompyuta, mawotchi, mawailesi, ma TV, ndi zina zotero.

LED ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha chitukuko cha teknoloji ya microchip ndipo yathandiza kusintha kwakukulu pa ntchito yowunikira. Ma LED amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo ziwiri za semiconductor kuti apange kuwala, pn imodzi yophatikizira kupanga zonyamulira (ma elekitironi ndi mabowo), zomwe zimatumizidwa ku mbali zotsutsana za "chotchinga" chosanjikiza chomwe chimagwira mabowo mbali imodzi ndi ma elekitironi mbali inayo. . Mphamvu za zonyamulira zomwe zatsekeredwa zimayambiranso mu "resonance" yotchedwa electroluminescence.

LED imatengedwa ngati mtundu wowunikira bwino chifukwa umatulutsa kutentha pang'ono pamodzi ndi kuwala kwake. Ili ndi moyo wautali kuposa nyali za incandescent, zomwe zimatha kuwirikiza nthawi 60, zimakhala ndi kuwala kwapamwamba komanso zimatulutsa mpweya wochepa kwambiri kuposa nyali zachikhalidwe za fulorosenti.

Ubwino waukulu wa ma LED ndi chakuti amafuna mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuti zigwire ntchito, malingana ndi mtundu wa LED. Tsopano ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ma LED okhala ndi mphamvu kuyambira ma cell a solar kupita ku mabatire komanso ngakhale alternating current (AC).

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma LED ndipo amabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza ofiira, malalanje, achikasu, obiriwira, abuluu, oyera, ndi zina zambiri. Masiku ano, ma LED akupezeka ndi kuwala kowala kwa 10 mpaka 100 lumens pa watt (lm/W), yomwe ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi magetsi wamba.

DC Diodes

Diode yanthawi zonse, kapena CCD, ndi mtundu wamagetsi owongolera magetsi. Ntchito yaikulu ya CCD ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu zotulutsa mphamvu ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwamagetsi mwa kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwake pamene katundu akusintha. CCD itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi za DC ndikuwongolera magawo a DC panjanji zotuluka.

Chidwi cha Schottky

Schottky diode amatchedwanso hot carrier diode.

Schottky diode anapangidwa ndi Dr. Walter Schottky mu 1926. Kupangidwa kwa Schottky diode kwatilola kugwiritsa ntchito ma LED (light emitting diode) ngati magwero odalirika azizindikiro.

Diode imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri. The Schottky diode imakhala ndi zigawo zitatu; P, N ndi zitsulo-semiconductor mphambano. Mapangidwe a chipangizochi ndi chakuti kusintha kwakuthwa kumapangidwira mkati mwa semiconductor yolimba. Izi zimathandiza onyamula kusintha kuchokera ku semiconductor kupita kuzitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa voteji yakutsogolo, yomwe imachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma Schottky diode ndi malire akulu kwambiri.

Shockley Diode

Shockley diode ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chokhala ndi ma asymmetric ma electrode. Diode imayendetsa njira imodzi ndipo mocheperapo ngati polarity isinthidwa. Ngati voteji yakunja ikusungidwa pa diode ya Shockley, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono imatsogola pang'onopang'ono pamene magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito akuwonjezeka, mpaka kufika potchedwa "cut-off voltage" pomwe palibe mphamvu yoyamikirika pamene ma elekitironi onse amalumikizananso ndi mabowowo. . Kupitilira voteji ya cutoff pa chiwonetsero cha mawonekedwe amagetsi apano, pali gawo la kukana koyipa. Shockley ikhala ngati amplifier yokhala ndi mikhalidwe yotsutsa mumtundu uwu.

Ntchito za Shockley zitha kumveka bwino pozigawa m'magawo atatu omwe amadziwika kuti zigawo, zomwe zikuchitika mobwerera kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba ndi 0, 1 ndi 2 motsatana.

M'chigawo 1, pamene voteji yabwino ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo, ma elekitironi amafalikira mu semiconductor yamtundu wa n kuchokera ku p-mtundu wa zinthu, kumene "zone yochepetsera" imapangidwa chifukwa cholowa m'malo mwa onyamula ambiri. Depletion zone ndi dera limene zonyamulira zimachotsedwa pamene magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Malo ochepetsera mozungulira pn junction amalepheretsa kuti pakali pano asayendetse kutsogolo kwa chipangizo cha unidirectional.

Ma electron akalowa mbali ya n kuchokera kumbali ya p-mtundu, "zone yochepetsera" imapangidwa pakusintha kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba mpaka dzenje lamakono latsekedwa. Mabowo akuyenda kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi amalumikizananso ndi ma elekitironi akuyenda kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba. Izi ndizo, pakati pa madera ochepetsera gulu la conduction ndi gulu la valence, "zone recombination" ikuwonekera, yomwe imalepheretsa kuyenda kwina kwa onyamula akuluakulu kudzera mu Shockley diode.

Kuthamanga kwamakono tsopano kumayendetsedwa ndi chonyamulira chimodzi, chomwe ndi chonyamulira chochepa, mwachitsanzo ma electron mu nkhani iyi ya n-mtundu wa semiconductor ndi mabowo a p-mtundu wa zinthu. Kotero tikhoza kunena kuti apa kuyenda kwamakono kumayendetsedwa ndi onyamulira ambiri (mabowo ndi ma electron) ndipo kutuluka kwa panopa sikudalira mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pali zonyamula zaulere zokwanira.

M'chigawo chachiwiri, ma elekitironi omwe amachokera kumalo ochepetsera amaphatikizananso ndi mabowo kumbali ina ndikupanga zonyamulira zatsopano (ma elekitironi mumtundu wa p-mtundu wa semiconductor yamtundu wa n). Mabowowa akalowa m'dera lakutha, amamaliza njira yomwe ilipo kudzera pa Shockley diode.

M'chigawo cha 3, pamene magetsi akunja agwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kukondera, chigawo chapakati cha danga kapena malo ochepetsera amawonekera pamphambano, kuphatikizapo onyamula ambiri ndi ochepa. Ma electron-hole awiriawiri amalekanitsidwa chifukwa cha kuyika kwa voliyumu kudutsa pawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wodutsa kudzera pa Shockley. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kachulukidwe kakang'ono kakudutsa mu Shockley diode.

Khwerero kuchira diodes

A step recovery diode (SRD) ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chingapereke mawonekedwe okhazikika, osasunthika mopanda malire pakati pa anode ndi cathode. Kusintha kuchokera ku off state kupita ku on state kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi ma pulses olakwika. Ikayaka, SRD imakhala ngati diode yabwino. Ikayimitsidwa, SRD nthawi zambiri imakhala yosagwiritsa ntchito komanso kutayikira kwakanthawi, koma nthawi zambiri sikokwanira kuwononga mphamvu kwambiri pamapulogalamu ambiri.

Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa masitepe obwezeretsanso mitundu yonse ya ma SRD. Mzere wapamwamba umasonyeza mtundu wochira msanga, womwe umatulutsa kuwala kwakukulu pamene ukupita kumtunda. Mosiyana ndi izi, m'mphepete mwa m'munsi mwake mukuwonetsa diode yochira mwachangu kwambiri yomwe imakonzedwa kuti igwire ntchito mwachangu komanso kumawonetsa ma radiation osawoneka bwino panthawi yakusintha.

Kuti muyatse SRD, voteji ya anode iyenera kupitilira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (VT). SRD idzazimitsa pamene mphamvu ya anode ili yochepa kapena yofanana ndi mphamvu ya cathode.

tunnel diode

Diode ya ngalande ndi mtundu wa ukadaulo wa quantum womwe umatenga zidutswa ziwiri za semiconductor ndikulumikiza chidutswa chimodzi ndi mbali inayo kuyang'ana kunja. Diode ya ngalandeyi ndi yapadera chifukwa ma elekitironi amadutsa mu semiconductor m'malo mozungulira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe njira yamtunduwu ndi yapadera kwambiri, chifukwa palibe njira ina yoyendera ma elekitironi mpaka pano yomwe yakwanitsa kuchita izi. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe ma diode amachulukirachulukira ndikuti amatenga malo ocheperako poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya uinjiniya wa quantum ndipo amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri m'malo ambiri.

Varactor diode

Varactor diode ndi semiconductor yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi owongolera ma variable capacitance. Diode ya varactor ili ndi zolumikizira ziwiri, imodzi kumbali ya anode ya PN mphambano ndi ina kumbali ya cathode ya PN mphambano. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito voliyumu ku varactor, imalola gawo lamagetsi kupanga lomwe limasintha m'lifupi mwake. Izi zidzasintha mphamvu zake.

laser diode

Laser diode ndi semiconductor yomwe imatulutsa kuwala kogwirizana, komwe kumatchedwanso kuwala kwa laser. Laser diode imatulutsa kuwala kolunjika kofanana komwe kumasiyana pang'ono. Izi ndizosiyana ndi kuwala kwina, monga ma LED ochiritsira, omwe kuwala kwawo kumasiyana kwambiri.

Laser diode amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira kuwala, makina osindikizira a laser, ma barcode scanner ndi mauthenga a fiber optic.

Transient kupondereza diode

A transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode ndi diode yopangidwa kuti iteteze ku ma voltage ndi mitundu ina ya transients. Imathanso kulekanitsa ma voltage ndi apano kuti ateteze ma voltage transients kuti asalowe mumagetsi a chip. Diode ya TVS sichitha kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, koma imangochitika pakanthawi kochepa. Panthawi yodutsa magetsi, diode ya TVS imatha kugwira ntchito ndi ma dv/dt spikes komanso nsonga zazikulu za dv/dt. Chipangizocho nthawi zambiri chimapezeka m'mabwalo olowera a ma microprocessor, pomwe amawongolera ma siginoni othamanga kwambiri.

Ma diode opangidwa ndi golide

Ma diode a golide amapezeka mu ma capacitor, okonzanso, ndi zida zina. Ma diodewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'makampani opanga zamagetsi chifukwa safuna mphamvu zambiri kuti aziyendetsa magetsi. Ma diode okhala ndi golidi amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku p-type kapena n-type semiconductor zida. Diode yopangidwa ndi golidi imayendetsa magetsi bwino pa kutentha kwakukulu, makamaka m'ma diode amtundu wa n.

Golide si chinthu choyenera kupangira ma semiconductor chifukwa maatomu agolide ndi akulu kwambiri kuti azitha kulowa mkati mwa ma semiconductor makhiristo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri golide samafalikira bwino mu semiconductor. Njira imodzi yowonjezerera kukula kwa maatomu agolide kuti athe kufalikira ndiyo kuwonjezera siliva kapena indium. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yopangira ma semiconductors ndi golide ndikugwiritsa ntchito sodium borohydride, yomwe imathandiza kupanga aloyi ya golide ndi siliva mkati mwa semiconductor crystal.

Ma diode okhala ndi golidi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi othamanga kwambiri. Ma diodewa amathandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zamakono pobwezeretsa mphamvu kuchokera ku EMF yakumbuyo ya kukana kwamkati kwa diode. Ma diode opangidwa ndi golide amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina monga ma network resistor, ma lasers, ndi ma diode a tunnel.

Ma diode apamwamba kwambiri

Ma diode apamwamba kwambiri ndi mtundu wa diode womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri. Ma diode awa ali ndi magetsi otsika opita patsogolo pama frequency apamwamba.

Ma diode apamwamba kwambiri ndi mitundu yosunthika kwambiri ya diode chifukwa amatha kugwira ntchito pama frequency ndi ma voltages osiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osinthira magetsi pamakina ogawa magetsi, zowongolera, ma inverters agalimoto ndi magetsi.

The superbarrier diode imapangidwa makamaka ndi silicon dioxide yokhala ndi mkuwa wowonjezera. The superbarrier diode ili ndi njira zingapo zopangira, kuphatikiza planar germanium superbarrier diode, junction superbarrier diode, ndi kudzipatula kwa superbarrier diode.

Peltier diode

Peltier diode ndi semiconductor. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu yamagetsi poyankha mphamvu yamafuta. Chipangizochi ndi chatsopano ndipo sichinamveke bwino, koma chikuwoneka ngati chingakhale chothandiza posintha kutentha kukhala magetsi. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa madzi kapena m'magalimoto. Izi zitha kulola kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kopangidwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawononga mphamvu. Zingapangitsenso injini kuyendetsa bwino, chifukwa sichidzafunika kupanga mphamvu zambiri (potero kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa), koma m'malo mwake diode ya Peltier ingasinthe kutentha kwa zinyalala kukhala mphamvu.

kristalo diode

Ma diode a Crystal amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusefa kwa bandi yopapatiza, ma oscillator kapena ma amplifiers oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi. The crystal diode imatengedwa ngati ntchito yapadera ya piezoelectric effect. Njirayi imathandizira kupanga ma voliyumu ndi ma siginecha apano pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake. Ma diode a Crystal nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mabwalo ena omwe amapereka kukulitsa kapena ntchito zina zapadera.

Avalanche Diode

An avalanche diode ndi semiconductor yomwe imapanga chivundikiro kuchokera ku electron imodzi kuchokera ku gulu la conduction kupita ku gulu la valence. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira mumagetsi amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri a DC, ngati chowunikira ma radiation a infrared, komanso ngati makina a photovoltaic a radiation ya ultraviolet. Mphamvu ya avalanche imawonjezera kutsika kwamagetsi kutsogolo kudutsa diode kotero kuti ikhale yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yowononga.

Silicon Controlled Rectifier

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) ndi thyristor yokhala ndi ma terminal atatu. Linapangidwa kuti likhale ngati chosinthira mu uvuni wa microwave kuti chiwongolere mphamvu. Itha kuyambitsidwa ndi magetsi kapena magetsi, kapena zonse ziwiri, kutengera mawonekedwe a chipata. Pini yachipata ikakhala yolakwika, imalola kuti pakali pano iziyenda kudzera mu SCR, ndipo ikakhala yabwino, imatsekereza pakali pano kuti isadutse mu SCR. Malo a pini ya chipata amatsimikizira ngati panopa akudutsa kapena atsekedwa pamene ili m'malo.

Vacuum diode

Vacuum diode ndi mtundu wina wa diode, koma mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'machubu a vacuum kuti azitha kuyang'anira zamakono. Vacuum diode imalola kuti magetsi aziyenda nthawi zonse, komanso amakhala ndi gridi yowongolera yomwe imasintha mphamvuyo. Kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi mu gridi yowongolera, vacuum diode imalola kapena kuyimitsa magetsi. Vacuum diode amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati amplifiers ndi oscillator mu olandila wailesi ndi ma transmitters. Amagwiranso ntchito ngati zokonzanso zomwe zimasinthira AC kukhala DC kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zida zamagetsi.

PIN-diode

PIN diode ndi mtundu wa pn junction diode. Nthawi zambiri, ma PIN ndi semiconductor yomwe imawonetsa kukana kochepa pamene magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukana kotsika kumeneku kudzawonjezeka pamene mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikuwonjezeka. Ma PIN ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi asanayambe kukhala conductive. Chifukwa chake, ngati palibe voteji yoyipa yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, diode siyidutsa pano mpaka itafika pamtengowu. Kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuyenda muzitsulo zimadalira kusiyana komwe kungathe kuchitika kapena magetsi pakati pa ma terminals onse awiri, ndipo sipadzakhala kutayikira kuchokera ku terminal kupita kwina.

Point Contact Diode

Diode ya point ndi chipangizo chanjira imodzi chomwe chimatha kukweza ma siginolo a RF. Point-Contact imatchedwanso non-junction transistor. Amakhala ndi mawaya awiri omwe amamangiriridwa ku zinthu za semiconductor. Mawayawa akakhudza, "pinch point" imapangidwa pomwe ma elekitironi amatha kuwoloka. Diode yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi ma wayilesi a AM ndi zida zina kuti athe kuzindikira ma siginecha a RF.

Diode Hanna

Gunn diode ndi diode yopangidwa ndi ma anti-parallel pn junctions okhala ndi kutalika kwa chotchinga cha asymmetric. Izi zimabweretsa kuponderezedwa kwamphamvu kwa ma electron kupita kutsogolo, pamene panopa akuyendabe mozungulira.

Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma generator a microwave. Adapangidwa cha m'ma 1959 ndi JB Gann ndi A. S. Newell ku Royal Post Office ku UK, komwe dzinali limachokera: "Gann" ndi chidule cha mayina awo, ndi "diode" chifukwa amagwira ntchito pazida zamagetsi (Newell adagwira ntchito kale. ku Edison Institute of Communications). Bell Laboratories, komwe adagwira ntchito pazida za semiconductor).

Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwakukulu kwa ma diode a Gunn kunali m'badwo woyamba wa zida zawayilesi zankhondo zaku Britain za UHF, zomwe zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito cha m'ma 1965. Mawayilesi ankhondo a AM adagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri ma diode a Gunn.

Makhalidwe a Gunn diode ndikuti pano ndi 10-20% yokha yapano ya silicon diode wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwamagetsi pa diode ndikocheperako nthawi 25 kuposa diode wamba, nthawi zambiri 0 mV kutentha kwa XNUMX.

Kanema Maphunziro

Kodi diode ndi chiyani - Maphunziro a Zamagetsi Kwa Oyamba

Pomaliza

Tikukhulupirira kuti mwaphunzira kuti diode ndi chiyani. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za momwe gawo lodabwitsali limagwirira ntchito, onani zolemba zathu patsamba la diode. Tikukhulupirira kuti mugwiritsanso ntchito zonse zomwe mwaphunzira nthawi ino.