Kodi lithiamu imayendetsa magetsi?

Lithium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabatire ndi zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana. Ndizitsulo zamchere za gulu loyamba la tebulo la periodic lomwe lili ndi makhalidwe.

Monga katswiri wamagetsi yemwe akuyenera kudziwa izi kuti apeze ndalama, ndigawana zambiri zothandiza za lithiamu conductivity mu bukhuli. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwa lifiyamu m'mafakitale, kumvetsetsa "chemistry" yake kumakupatsani m'mphepete ikafika pamagwiritsidwe ake.

Chidule chachidule: Lithiamu imayendetsa magetsi m'malo olimba komanso osungunuka. Lithium ali ndi zitsulo chomangira ndi ma elekitironi valence ake delocalized mu madzi ndi olimba mayiko, kulola mphamvu magetsi kuyenda. Chifukwa chake, mwachidule, kuwongolera kwamagetsi kwa lithiamu kumangodalira kukhalapo kwa ma elekitironi opangidwa ndi delocalized.

Ndikonza mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Chifukwa chiyani lithiamu imayendetsa magetsi m'malo osungunuka komanso olimba?

Kukhalapo kwa ma electrons delocalized.

Lithium ali ndi zitsulo chomangira ndi ma elekitironi valence ake delocalized mu madzi ndi olimba mayiko, kulola mphamvu magetsi kuyenda. Chifukwa chake, mwachidule, mphamvu yamagetsi ya lithiamu imadalira kukhalapo kwa ma elekitironi opangidwa ndi delocalized.

Kodi lithiamu oxide imayendetsa magetsi m'malo osungunuka komanso olimba?

Lithium oxide (Li2O) imayendetsa magetsi pokhapokha atasungunuka. Ichi ndi chiwongolero cha ionic, ndipo ma ion mu Li2O olimba amalowa mu latisi ya ionic; ma ion si aulere / mafoni ndipo motero sangathe kuyendetsa magetsi. Komabe, mumkhalidwe wosungunula, zomangira za ionic zimasweka ndipo ma ion amakhala omasuka, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyenda kosalekeza kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.

Kodi lithiamu ili pati pa periodic table?

Lithiamu ndi chitsulo cha alkali ndipo ili m'gulu loyamba la tebulo la periodic:

Malo ake enieni akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi pansipa.

Katundu wa lithiamu, Li - mankhwala ndi thupi

1. Nambala ya Atomiki, Z

Lithiamu ndi mankhwala okhala ndi nambala ya atomiki (Z) ya 3, i.e. Z = 3. Izi zikufanana ndi ma protoni atatu ndi ma elekitironi atatu mu dongosolo lake la atomiki.

2. Chizindikiro cha mankhwala

Chizindikiro chamankhwala cha lithiamu ndi Li.

3. Maonekedwe

Ndizitsulo zoyera za alkali, zofewa kwambiri, zopepuka kwambiri. Ndilonso chinthu chopepuka kwambiri cholimba m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino.

4. Reactivity ndi kusunga

Lithiamu (monga zitsulo zonse za alkali) imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso yoyaka, motero imasungidwa mumafuta amchere.

5. Kuchuluka kwa atomiki, A

Kuchuluka kwa atomu (kwa ife, lithiamu) kumatanthauzidwa ngati misa yake ya atomiki. Unyinji wa atomiki, womwe umadziwikanso kuti wachibale wa isotopic mass, umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono ndipo motero umagwirizana ndi isotopu inayake ya chinthu.

6. Kuwira ndi kusungunuka

• Malo osungunuka, Тmelt = 180.5 ° С
• Boiling point, bp = 1342 ° С

Zindikirani kuti mfundozi zikunena za kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga.

7. Atomic radius ya lithiamu

Ma atomu a lithiamu ali ndi ma atomiki ozungulira 128 pm (covalent radius).

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti maatomu alibe malire omveka bwino akunja. Radiyo wa atomiki wa mankhwala ndi mtunda umene mtambo wa elekitironi umafika kuchokera ku phata.

Zochititsa chidwi za lithiamu, Li

• Lithium imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamankhwala, ngati choziziritsa, mu aloyi, ndi mabatire, mwa zina. 
• Ngakhale kuti lithiamu imadziwika kuti imapangitsa kuti munthu azisangalala, asayansi sakudziwabe njira yeniyeni yomwe imakhudzira dongosolo lamanjenje. Lithium imadziwika kuti imachepetsa zochita za dopamine receptors. Kuonjezera apo, imatha kuwoloka chiberekero ndikukhudza mwana wosabadwa.
• Njira yoyamba yopangira zida za nyukiliya inali kusinthidwa kwa lithiamu kukhala tritium.
• Lithium amachokera ku mawu achi Greek lithos, kutanthauza "mwala". Lithium imapezeka m'miyala yambiri yoyaka moto, koma osati mwaulere.
• Electrolysis ya (molt) lithiamu chloride (LiCl) imapanga zitsulo za lithiamu.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito batri ya lithiamu-ion

Batire ya lithiamu-ion yowonjezeredwa imakhala ndi maselo amodzi kapena angapo opanga mphamvu, omwe amadziwika kuti maselo. Selo/chipinda chilichonse chili ndi magawo atatu akulu:

Positive electrode (graphite) - imagwirizanitsa ndi mbali yabwino ya batri.

Negative electrode kugwirizana ndi negative.

ma elekitirodi - kutsekeka pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri.

Kusuntha kwa ma ion (pamodzi ndi electrolyte) ndi ma electron (pamphepete mwa dera lakunja, mosiyana) ndi njira zonse zogwirizana; wina akaima, wina amatsatira. 

Ngati ma ion sangathe kudutsa mu electrolyte pamene batire yatha, ndiye kuti ma elekitironi sangathenso.

Momwemonso, ngati mutseka chilichonse chomwe chimapatsa mphamvu batire, kuyenda kwa ma electron ndi ma ion kumayima. Batire imasiya kukhetsa mwachangu, koma imapitilira kukhetsa pang'onopang'ono ngakhale chipangizocho chitazimitsidwa.

Onani zina mwazolemba zathu pansipa.

• Sulfuric acid imayendetsa magetsi
• Sucrose imayendetsa magetsi
• Nayitrogeni amayendetsa magetsi

Maulalo amakanema

Periodic Table Kufotokozera: Mawu Oyamba

Momwe batri ya lithiamu ion imagwirira ntchito | Mfundo yogwira ntchito