Chipangizo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic Hydractive

Chaka chilichonse, opanga magalimoto amasintha mitundu yawo yamagalimoto, ndikusintha kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka magalimoto aposachedwa. Zosintha zina zitha kulandiridwa ndi makina amtundu wotsatira:

• Kuzirala (zida zamakedzana kuzizira, komanso zina mwa zosintha zake, zafotokozedwa m'nkhani yapadera);
• Mafuta (cholinga chake ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito amafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane apa);
• Poyatsira (za iye alipo ndemanga ina);
• Mafuta (tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane payokha);
• Zosintha zosiyanasiyana zamagudumu onse, monga xDrive, omwe amawerenga zambiri za apa.

Kutengera mawonekedwe ndi cholinga chodzitama, galimoto imatha kulandira zosintha pamachitidwe aliwonse, ngakhale omwe sakuvomerezeka magalimoto amakono (tsatanetsatane wamawayilesi akufotokozedwa mu ndemanga yapadera).

Imodzi mwa machitidwe ofunikira kwambiri omwe amaonetsetsa kuti kayendedwe kabwino ka galimoto ndikumayimitsidwa. Mtundu wakale umaganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane apa... Kupanga zosintha zatsopano zoyimitsa, wopanga aliyense amayesetsa kubweretsa zogulitsa zawo pafupi kwambiri momwe zingathere, zokhoza kusintha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za aliyense, ngakhale woyendetsa wapamwamba kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mwachitsanzo, makina opangira kuyimitsidwa adapangidwa (werengani za izi payokha).

M'mbuyomu, tiona imodzi mwazosintha zoyimitsidwa bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yambiri ya Citroen, komanso ena opanga ma automaker. Uku ndiko kuyimitsidwa kwa Hydractive hydropneumatic. Tiyeni tikambirane za mawonekedwe ake, momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito. Tionanso zovuta zake, ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake.

Kuyimitsidwa kwamagalimoto ndi hydropneumatic ndi chiyani?

Kusinthidwa kulikonse kuyimitsidwa makamaka kumapangidwira kukonza magwiridwe antchito amgalimoto (kukhazikika kwake pomwe ikuzungulira komanso poyendetsa mwamphamvu), komanso kukulitsa chitonthozo kwa aliyense amene ali munyumba paulendo. Kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic sikutinso.

Ichi ndi mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa, kamangidwe kake kamatanthauza kupezeka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosinthira dongosolo. Izi, kutengera momwe msewu ulili, zimalola kuti galimoto ichepetseke (kuuma ndikofunikira poyendetsa masewera othamanga kwambiri) kapena kupereka kufewetsa kwambiri kunyamula.

Komanso, dongosololi limakupatsani mwayi wosintha chilolezo chaku nthaka (pazomwe zili, momwe amayeza, komanso udindo wake pagalimoto, werengani kubwereza kwina) yagalimoto, osati kungoyikhazika mtima pansi, komanso kupatsa kuyambira kwagalimoto, monga, m'mayendedwe otsika (werengani za njira iyi yodziyimira yokha apa).

Mwachidule, kuyimitsidwa kumeneku kumasiyana ndi mnzake wamba chifukwa sikamagwiritsa ntchito zotanuka zilizonse, mwachitsanzo, kasupe, chowotcha kapena torsion bar. Chiwembu cha kuyimitsidwa koteroko kumaphatikizaponso magawo angapo omwe amadzazidwa ndi mpweya kapena madzi enaake.

Pakati pa zibowo pali zotanuka, cholimba cholimba chomwe chimalepheretsa kusakanikirana kwa zinthu zosiyanazi. Dera lirilonse limadzaza ndi madzi pamlingo winawake, womwe umakupatsani mwayi wosintha kuyimitsidwa (kuyankha mosiyanasiyana pakufanana kwa mseu). Kusintha kwa kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti pisitoni imasintha kuthamanga kwa dera, chifukwa cha kupanikizika kapena kufooka kwa mphamvu ya mpweya kudzaza dera logwirira ntchito la dera kumachitika kudzera mu nembanemba.

Ma hydraulic dera ali ndi mtundu wodziwongolera wokha. M'galimoto yamakono yokhala ndi makinawa, momwe thupi limakhalira limakonzedwa pakompyuta. Kutalika kwa galimoto kumatsimikiziridwa ndi magawo monga kuthamanga kwa galimoto, mawonekedwe amisewu, ndi zina zambiri. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, itha kugwiritsa ntchito sensa yake kapena sensa, yomwe idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito yamagalimoto ena.

Dongosolo la Hydractive limawerengedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri komanso zopita patsogolo, ngakhale ukadaulowu wazaka zoposa 70. Tisanayambe kuganizira za kuyimitsidwa kwa mtundu wa hydropneumatic, ndipo mfundo yake ndi iti, tiyeni tione momwe izi zidawonekera.

Mbiri ya kuyimitsidwa kwa hayidiroliki ya Citroen

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha mtundu wama hydraulic wamagalimoto adayamba mu 1954 ndikutulutsidwa kwa galimoto yoyamba ndikuyimitsidwa kotere. Anali Citroen Traction Avante. Mtunduwu udalandira ma hydraulic shock-absorbing elements (omwe adayikidwa kumbuyo kwa makina m'malo mwa akasupe). Kusinthaku kudagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake mumitundu ya DS.

Koma panthawiyo dongosolo lino silingatchedwe hydropneumatic. Kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic adaptive, komwe tsopano kumatchedwa Hydractive, kunayamba kuwonekera pagalimoto yamaganizidwe a Activa. Njira yogwirira ntchito idawonetsedwa mchaka cha 88 cha zaka zapitazi. Nthawi yonse yopanga, Hydractive yasintha mibadwo iwiri, ndipo lero m'badwo wachitatu wa chipangizochi ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina ena amakina.

Kukula kumeneku kunakhazikitsidwa potengera momwe magwiridwe antchito amtundu wamaimidwe ogwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto zolemetsa, kuphatikiza zida zankhondo zolemera. Zachilendo, zosinthidwa koyamba kwa mayendedwe apaulendo, zidabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu pakati pa omwe amalemba ma auto ndi akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi zamagalimoto. Mwa njira, kuyimitsidwa kwama adaptive si chitukuko chokhacho chomwe Citroen adayambitsa m'mitundu yake.

Kuwala kwamphamvu (nyali zoyang'ana kumbali yomwe magudumu oyendetsa kapena gudumu lirilonse limatembenukira) chinali chitukuko china chapamwamba chomwe chidayambitsidwa mu mtundu wa 1968 Citroen DS. Zambiri pazadongosolo lino zafotokozedwa kubwereza kwina... Mothandizana ndi dongosololi, thupi, lokwera kukweza, komanso ntchito yofewa komanso yosalala ya ma dampers, lidabweretsa galimotoyo ulemu wosaneneka. Ngakhale lero, ndichinthu chosilira chomwe otolera magalimoto ena angafune kukhala nacho.

Mitundu yamakono tsopano imagwiritsa ntchito m'badwo wachitatu wa dongosololi, ngakhale galimotoyo ili yoyendetsa kumbuyo kapena yoyendetsa kutsogolo. Tidzakambirana zakusiyana pakati pamapangidwe am'mbuyomu pambuyo pake. Tsopano tiyeni tione mfundo zomwe dongosolo lamakono lino lili nazo.

Momwe kuyimitsidwa kwa Hydractive kumagwirira ntchito

Kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic kumadalira momwe magudumu amathandizira pa chojambulira, monga, mwachitsanzo, pamayendedwe a mabuleki (amafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane kubwereza kwina). Monga tanenera kale, m'malo akasupe ndi absorbers mantha, dongosolo ili ntchito dera, amene anadzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni pansi kuthamanga. Chizindikiro ichi chimadalira kulemera kwa galimotoyo, ndipo nthawi zina imatha kufikira 100 atm.

Mkati mwa gawo lililonse mumakhala zotanuka koma zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa magasi ndi ma hydraulic circuits. M'mibadwo yam'mbuyomu yoyimitsidwa kwama hayidiroliki, mafuta amgalimoto okhala ndi mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito (kuti mumve zambiri za mitundu yamafuta agalimoto, werengani apa). Zinachokera mgulu la LHM ndipo zinali zobiriwira. Mibadwo yatsopano ya dongosololi imagwiritsa ntchito analogue a mtundu wa lalanje (mtundu wa LDS wamagetsi).

Mitundu iwiri yazigawo imayikidwa m'galimoto: kugwira ntchito ndikudziunjikira. Malo amodzi ogwira ntchito amaperekedwa pagudumu lapadera. Dongosolo lokuunjikirana limalumikizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito pamsewu waukulu wamba. Mumakina ogwirira ntchito kumunsi kuli bowo la hayidiroliki ya ndodo (iyenera kukweza thupi lanyama kutalika kapena kutsitsa).

Kuyimitsidwa kumagwira ntchito posintha kuthamanga kwa madzi akugwira ntchito. Gasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chotanuka, ndikudzaza danga kumtunda kwa gawo pamwamba pa nembanemba. Pofuna kuti mafuta amadzimadzi asayende kuchokera kudera lina kupita kwina kupita kwina (chifukwa cha izi, mawonekedwe olimba amawonedwa), wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo okhala ndi gawo lina m'dongosolo, komanso mavavu amtundu wa petal.

Chodziwika bwino cha mabowo osanjidwa ndikuti amapangitsa kukangana kwamphamvu (ma hydraulic mafuta amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa madzi, chifukwa chake sichitha kuyenda momasuka kuchokera pamatumba kupita kumimbamo kudzera njira zopapatiza - izi zimafunikira kukakamizidwa kwambiri). Pogwira ntchito, mafutawo amawotcha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikule ndikuchepetsa kuzungulirako.

M'malo mochita mantha kwambiri (werengani za kapangidwe kake ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito payokha) chingwe chamadzimadzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mafuta ake samatuluka kapena chithupsa. Ma absorbers odzaza ndi gasi tsopano ali ndi mfundo zomwezi (werengani za zomwe zimayikidwa bwino: gasi kapena mafuta, werengani m'nkhani ina). Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kuti chipangizocho chizigwira ntchito polemetsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, zochepa pamapangidwe awa sizimataya katundu wake, ngakhale zitatentha kwambiri.

Zochitika zosiyanasiyana za dongosololi zimafunikira kuthamanga kwawo kwamafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe akufuna. Izi ndizochulukirapo m'dongosolo. Kusalala kwa sitiroko ya pistoni kumadalira kutsegulidwa kwa valavu imodzi kapena ina. Muthanso kusintha kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa poyika gawo lina.

M'masinthidwe aposachedwa, njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi masensa otsogola, ndipo mgalimoto zina wopanga amaperekanso zosintha pamanja (pakadali pano, mtengo wa dongosololi sikhala wokwera mtengo kwambiri).

Mzerewu umagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati injini ikuyenda. Mphamvu zamagetsi zamagalimoto ambiri zimakupatsani mwayi wosintha mawonekedwe amthupi m'njira zinayi. Yoyamba ndi chilolezo chotsikitsitsa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutsegula galimoto. Yotsirizayi ndiye chilolezo chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poterepa, ndikosavuta kuti galimoto ithetse zovuta zapanjira.

Komabe, khalidwe la ndime ya zopinga ndi galimoto mwachindunji zimadalira mtundu wa kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa gawo - mtanda mtanda kapena dongosolo Mipikisano ulalo. Njira ziwirizi zimangopatsa chilimbikitso chomwe dalaivala akufuna, koma nthawi zambiri palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo.

Ngati hydropneumatic imangowonjezera mtunda pakati pa thupi ndi chopingasa, kuthekera kwagalimoto nthawi zambiri sikusintha - galimoto imatha kulumikizana ndi chopinga ndi mtengo. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma hydropneumatic kumawoneka mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira zingapo. Poterepa, chilolezo chimasinthadi. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika pamtundu waposachedwa wa Land Rover Defender (kuyeserera koyesaku kutha kuwerengedwa apa).

Kuwonjezeka kwapanikizika pamzere kumaperekedwa ndi mpope wamafuta. Mpumulo wamtali umaperekedwa ndi valavu yofananira. Kuchulukitsa chilolezo chapa nthaka, zamagetsi zimayambitsa mpopewo ndipo amapopa mafuta owonjezera pakatikati. Mphamvu yomwe ili pamzere ikangofika pazofunikira, valavu imayambitsidwa ndipo pampu imazimitsidwa.

Dalaivala akamakakamiza petulo mwamphamvu ndipo galimoto imathamanga kwambiri, zamagetsi zimawonetsa kuthamanga kwagalimoto. Mukasiya chilolezo chotsegulira nthaka, mlengalenga mudzawononga galimotoyo (kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza kuuluka kwa mlengalenga, werengani m'nkhani ina). Pachifukwa ichi, zamagetsi zimayambitsa kutulutsa kwa mafuta m'gawo kudzera pa mzere wobwerera. Izi zimabweretsa galimotoyo pansi ndipo mpweya umayikankhira pafupi ndi mseu.

Dongosololi limasintha chilolezo chakumtunda chamamilimita 15 m'munsi pomwe galimoto imathamanga kuthamanga kupitilira makilomita 110 pa ola limodzi. Chofunikira chofunikira pa izi ndi mtundu wamisewu (kudziwa izi, mwachitsanzo, dongosolo lolamulira). Pakakhala misewu yoyipa komanso yothamanga, yochepera 60 km / h, galimoto imakwera ndi 20 millimeter. Ngati galimoto ili yodzaza, zamagetsi zimaponyanso mafuta mumsewu kuti thupi lizisunga malo ake panjira.

Njira ina yomwe ingapezeke pamitundu ina yamitundu yokhala ndi Hydractive system ndikutha kuthana ndi mpukutu wamagalimoto nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo loyang'anira limatsimikizira momwe gawo lina la kuyimitsidwa limayendera, ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito mavavu othandizira, amasintha kuthamanga kwa gudumu lililonse. Zomwezi zimachitikanso kuti zithetse makola makina akaleka mwadzidzidzi.

Main kuyimitsidwa zinthu Hydractive

Ndondomeko yoyimitsa hydropneumatic imakhala ndi:

• Ma hydropneumatic wheel struts (malo ogwirira ntchito limodzi);
• Accumulator (dera lozungulira). Amapeza mafuta ochulukirapo kuti agwire ntchito m'malo onse;
• Madera owonjezera omwe amayang'anira kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa;
• Pampu yomwe imapopera madzi amadzimadzi m'magawo osiyana. Chipangizocho chinali choyambirira, koma m'badwo waposachedwa umagwiritsa ntchito mpope wamagetsi;
• Ma Valves ndi maulamuliro opanikizika omwe amaphatikizidwa kukhala ma module osiyanasiyana kapena nsanja. Gawo lililonse lamavavu ndi ma regulators limakhala ndi msonkhano wawo. Pali malo amodzi oterewa pamzere uliwonse;
• Chingwe cha hydraulic, chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zinthu zonse zowongolera ndi zoyang'anira;
• Chitetezo, kuwongolera ndikudutsa mavavu okhudzana ndi mabuleki ndi kuwongolera magetsi (makonzedwe amtunduwu adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mibadwo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, ndipo lachitatu kulibe, popeza dongosolo lino lodziyimira pawokha);
• Makina oyang'anira zamagetsi, omwe, molingana ndi zizindikilo zolandilidwa kuchokera ku masensa a izi ndi machitidwe ena, amathandizira ma algorithm omwe adakonzedwa ndikutumiza chizindikiritso kwa pampu kapena owongolera;
• Thupi masensa udindo anaika kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa galimoto.

Mibadwo ya kuyimitsidwa kwa madzi

Kukonzekera kwa mbadwo uliwonse kunachitika kuti tiwonjezere kudalirika ndikupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito. Poyamba, mzere wama hayidiroliki unaphatikizidwa ndi mabuleki oyendetsa ndi kuwongolera mphamvu. M'badwo womaliza udalandira mizere osadalira mfundo izi. Chifukwa cha izi, kulephera kwa imodzi mwazomwe zidatchulidwazi sikukhudza magwiridwe antchito.

Ganizirani za mawonekedwe apadera a mibadwo yonse yomwe idakhalapo yoyimitsidwa kwamagalimoto.

M'badwo woyamba

Ngakhale kuti chitukuko chidawonekera m'ma 50s azaka zapitazi, dongosololi lidayamba kupanga zambiri mu 1990. Kusintha kumeneku kunaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya Citroen, monga XM kapena Xantia.

Monga tafotokozera kale, mibadwo yoyamba yamakonzedwe idaphatikizidwa ndimadzimadzi oyimitsa. M'badwo woyamba wa dongosolo, kuyimitsidwa kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu iwiri:

• Magalimoto... Masensa amalemba magawo osiyanasiyana amgalimoto, mwachitsanzo, malo othamangitsira mafuta, kuthamanga kwa mabuleki, malo oyendetsa chiwongolero, ndi zina zambiri. Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, zamagetsi zimadziyimira pawokha pazovuta zomwe mseu waukulu uyenera kukhala kuti mukwaniritse bwino pakati pa chitetezo ndi chitetezo paulendowu;
• Zosangalatsa... Iyi ndi njira yosinthira kuyendetsa mwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza pa kutalika kwagalimoto, dongosololi lidasinthiranso kuuma kwa zinthu zoyeserera.

Mbadwo wachiwiri

Chifukwa cha wamakono, Mlengi anasintha magawo ena a mode basi. M'badwo wachiwiri, adatchedwa omasuka. Zinapangitsa kuti zisangokhala kusintha malo ogulitsira galimotoyo, komanso mwachidule kuwuma kwa ma dampers pomwe galimoto idalowa potembenuka mwachangu kapena mwachangu.

Kukhalapo kwa ntchito yotere kumalola kuti driver asasinthe makonda azamagetsi ngati akuyendetsa galimoto mwamphamvu kwakanthawi kochepa. Chitsanzo cha zochitika ngati izi ndikoyendetsa mwamphamvu popewa chopinga kapena kupitirira galimoto ina.

Chinthu china chatsopano chomwe chidapangidwa ndi omwe adayimitsa kuyimitsidwa ndi malo owonjezera momwe valavu yoyika idayikidwapo. Chowonjezerachi chinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukhalabe ndi mutu wapamwamba pamzere kwanthawi yayitali.

Chodziwika bwino pamakonzedwewa chinali chakuti kukakamizidwa kwa dongosololi kunasungidwa kwa nthawi yopitilira sabata imodzi, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi mwiniwake wamagalimoto sankafunika kuyambitsa injini kuti pampu ipope mafuta mosungira.

Makina a Hydractive-2 adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ya Xantia yomwe idapangidwa kuyambira 1994. Patatha chaka chimodzi, kusinthidwa kumeneku kunayikidwa mu Citroen XM.

III m'badwo

Mu 2001, kuyimitsidwa kwa Hydractive hydropneumatic kunasintha kwambiri. Inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mitundu ya French automaker ya C5. Zina mwazosinthazi ndi izi:

1. Kusintha dera lama hydraulic. Tsopano ma braking system sakhala mbali ya mzere (ma circuits awa ali ndi malo osungira ena, komanso machubu). Chifukwa cha izi, kuyimitsidwa kwayamba kukhala kosavuta pang'ono - palibe chifukwa chowongolera kukakamiza kwama kachitidwe awiri omwe ndi osiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osiyana siyana (kuti mabuleki agwire ntchito, palibe chifukwa chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwakukulu mabuleki amadzimadzi).
2. M'makonzedwe amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, mwayi wokhazikitsa parameter wofunikira wachotsedwa. Njira iliyonse imayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi zokha.
3. Automation paokha imatsitsa chilolezocho ndi 15mm poyerekeza ndi malo oyenera (opangidwa ndi wopanga - pachitsanzo chilichonse ali nacho chake), ngati galimoto ikufulumira kuposa makilomita 110 / ola limodzi. Mukachedwetsa liwiro pamtunda wa 60-70 km / h, chilolezo chanyumba chimakulirakulira ndi mamilimita 13-20 (kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto) poyerekeza ndi mtengo wokhazikika.

Pofuna kuti zamagetsi zizisintha bwino kutalika kwa thupi, gulu loyang'anira limasonkhanitsa zikwangwani kuchokera ku masensa omwe amatsimikizira:

• Kuthamanga kwagalimoto;
• Kutalika kwa kutsogolo kwa thupi;
• Kutalika kwa thupi kumbuyo;
• Kuphatikiza apo - zizindikilo zochokera pamasensa amachitidwe osinthira kusinthana, ngati alipo pamtundu wina wamagalimoto

Kuphatikiza pa m'badwo wachitatu mu kasinthidwe kodula ka C5, komanso zida zoyambira za C6, automaker imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Hydractive3 + wa kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njirayi ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi awa:

1. Dalaivala amatha kusankha pakati pa mitundu iwiri yoyimitsa. Yoyamba ndiyabwino. Ndiosalala, koma imatha kusintha kuwuma kwake kwakanthawi kochepa kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri panjira ndi momwe woyendetsa adachitila. Yachiwiri ndi yamphamvu. Awa ndimakonzedwe oyimitsa masewera omwe amakhala ndi kuuma kwakanthawi.
2. Zowonjezera njira zoyankhira pamakina - zamagetsi zimazindikira bwino chilolezo. Kuti muchite izi, olamulira amalandila zikwangwani za liwiro lamagalimoto apano, momwe thupi liliri kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, malo oyendetsa, kuthamangitsira kumtunda ndi mbali yayitali, katundu pazinthu zoyimitsa damper (izi zimalola kuti mudziwe mtundu wamisewu), komanso momwe mayendedwe amapumira (mwatsatanetsatane za valavu yamagetsi m'galimoto amauzidwa payokha).

Kukonza ndi mbali mtengo

Monga makina ena aliwonse omwe amapereka zodziwikiratu zamagalimoto osiyanasiyana, kuyimitsidwa kwa Hydractive hydropneumatic kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Imagwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito azida zambiri zamagetsi, komanso ma hydraulic ndi pneumatics. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavavu ndi njira zina, pakugwira ntchito komwe kukhazikika kwa galimoto kumadalira, ndi mayunitsi onse omwe amafunikira kukonza, ndipo zikalephera, kukonzanso mtengo.

Nawa mitengo ina yokonzanso hydropneumatic:

• Kusintha ma hydraulic kuli ndalama pafupifupi $ 30;
• Kuwongolera kwakutsogolo kumasintha pafupifupi 65 cu;
• Kusintha gawo lakumaso, woyendetsa galimoto ayenera kusiya $ 10;
• Kubwezeretsanso gawo logwiritsa ntchito koma losasunthika kumawononga pafupifupi $ 20-30.

Kuphatikiza apo, iyi ndi mitengo yokhayo yamaofesi ena pantchitoyo. Ngati tizingolankhula za mtengo wamagawo, ndiye kuti sizinso zosangalatsa zotsika mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta otsika mtengo kwambiri amagulitsidwa pafupifupi $ 10. lita imodzi, ndipo pokonza dongosolo, chinthuchi chimafuna kuchuluka kwabwino. Pampu yamafuta, kutengera mtundu wa kapangidwe ndi mtundu wamagalimoto, itenga pafupifupi $ 85.

Nthawi zambiri m'dongosolo, kuwonongeka kumawonekera m'magawo, mapaipi othamanga, mapampu, ma valve ndi ma regulator. Mtengo wa malowa umayamba pa $ 135, ndipo ngati simugula gawo loyambalo, ndiokwera mtengo kamodzi ndi theka.

Nthawi zambiri zinthu zambiri zoyimitsidwa zimakumana ndi dzimbiri, chifukwa sizitetezedwa ndi dothi kapena chinyezi. Ziwalo zokha zimathetsedwa popanda kuyesayesa kwakukulu, koma zonse zimakhala zovuta ndi kutu ndi kuwira kwa mabotolo ndi mtedza. Chifukwa chosowa bwino pazomangira zina, mtengo wothetsera msonkhanowu nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ndi mtengo wake.

Kusintha payipi ndi vuto linanso lomwe lingagwere pamutu pa eni galimoto. Chingwe cholumikizidwa ndi pampu, chowonongeka ndi dzimbiri, sichingachotsedwe popanda kuthana ndi zinthu zina mgalimoto yomwe ili pansi pake. Mapaipi amenewa amayenda pafupifupi pagalimoto yonse, ndipo kuti asawononge nthaka, amaiyika pafupi kwambiri mpaka pansi.

Popeza zomangira za zida zina ndi zomangamanga sizitetezedwanso ndi chilichonse kuchokera ku chinyezi ndi dothi, kuwononga kwawo kungakhalenso kovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, m'malo ena ogulitsira, oyendetsa galimoto amayenera kutulutsa pafupifupi $ 300 m'malo mwa chubu losavuta.

Nthawi zambiri sizoyenera kusinthitsa zina zamagetsi ndi zina zatsopano. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi nsanja, kapena ma module, omwe amasintha kuuma kwa ma damper struts. Nthawi zambiri, pankhaniyi, zinthu zimangokonzedwa.

Musanagule magalimoto oyimitsidwa, nkofunikanso kukumbukira kuti kuwonongeka kwa chinthu chimodzi nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi kulephera kwa njira zingapo nthawi imodzi, kotero woyendetsa amayenera kulipira kwambiri kukonzanso ndi kukonza kwa dongosolo. Izi ndizowona makamaka mukamagula galimoto yakale. M'mayendedwe amenewa, gawo limodzi pambuyo pake lidzalephera. Komanso, poyerekeza ndi kuyimitsidwa kwachikale, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zomwe zikugwira ntchito zolemetsa kwambiri, dongosololi liyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.

Ubwino woyimitsidwa ndi hydropneumatic

Mwachidziwitso, kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya poyimitsa ngati poyimilira ndibwino. Dongosololi lilibe mikangano yamkati mkati, mpweya ulibe "kutopa" ngati chitsulo m'm akasupe kapena akasupe, ndipo inertia yake ndiyochepa. Komabe, zonsezi ndizongoganiza. Nthawi zambiri, chitukuko chomwe chili pakapangidwe kazithunzi chimafuna kusintha mukamasulira.

Chovuta choyamba chomwe mainjiniya amakumana nacho ndikulephera kuyimitsidwa poyendetsa zonse zomwe zawonetsedwa papepala. Pazifukwa izi, kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic kuli ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa zonse.

Choyamba, lingalirani za kuyimitsidwa koteroko. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa ma dampers. Pankhaniyi, kwa nthawi yayitali, mitundu yopangidwa ndi kampani yaku France Citroen (werengani za mbiri ya mtundu wamagalimoto apa), zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoyenera.
2. Zimakhala zosavuta kuti dalaivala azitha kuyendetsa galimoto yake ngodya pomwe akuyendetsa kwambiri.
3. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimatha kusintha kuyimitsidwa kofananira ndi kalembedwe koyendetsa.
4. Wopanga amatsimikizira kuti makinawa amatha kuyenda mpaka makilomita 250 (bola ngati galimoto yatsopano yagulidwa, osati kale).
5. M'mitundu ina, wopanga makinawa wakonza kusintha kwa thupi pamayendedwe amsewu. Koma ngakhale njira zodziwikiratu zimagwirira ntchito bwino.
6. M'magulu onse amanja komanso osinthika, dongosololi limagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri yosinthira kuuma kwa ntchito kutengera momwe msewu ulili.
7. Yogwirizana ndi mitundu yambiri yazingwe zingapo kumbuyo, komanso ma MacPherson omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kwa galimoto.

Zoyipa za kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic

Ngakhale kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic kumatha kusintha mkhalidwe wake mwanjira zina, kuli ndi zovuta zingapo zazikulu, ndichifukwa chake oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri samaganiza zogula magalimoto ndi kuyimitsidwa koteroko. Izi ndi monga:

1. Kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwake kuchokera pantchito yojambulidwa pazithunzizo, wopanga amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, komanso kuyambitsa matekinoloje opanga zatsopano pakupanga mitundu yamagalimoto ake.
2. Chiwerengero cha owongolera, mavavu ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuti magwiridwe antchito apamwamba azikhala nthawi yomweyo malo omwe angathe kuwonongeka.
3. Pakakhala kuwonongeka, kukonza kumalumikizidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa zida zoyandikira zamagalimoto, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuchita. Chifukwa cha izi, muyenera kufunafuna katswiri weniweni yemwe angagwire ntchito yonse mwaluso kwambiri osawononga makina.
4. Msonkhano wonsewo ndiokwera mtengo ndipo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu, nthawi zambiri umafunika kukonza ndi kukonza. Izi ndizowona makamaka pagalimoto zogulidwa pamsika wachiwiri (kuti mumve zambiri pazomwe muyenera kuyang'ana mukamagula galimoto yakale, werengani kubwereza kwina).
5. Chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa kwa kuyimitsidwa koteroko, galimotoyo siyingayendetsedwe, chifukwa kutayika kwapanikizika kumadzetsa kutayika kwa damper ntchito za dongosololi, zomwe sizinganenedwe za akasupe achikale ndi zoyeserera - nthawi yomweyo sizilephera mwadzidzidzi.
6. Makinawa nthawi zambiri amakhala osadalirika monga opanga makinawo amakhulupirira.

Pambuyo Citroen anayamba kukumana kwambiri malfunctions a chitukuko, anaganiza kusintha kuyimitsidwa kwa tingachipeze powerenga analogi kwa zitsanzo za gawo la bajeti. Ngakhale chizindikirocho sichinatheretu pakupanga makinawa. Mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana imatha kuwonedwa pagalimoto zoyambira zamagalimoto ena.

Izi ndi zovuta kupeza mu magalimoto kupanga wamba. Nthawi zambiri, kuyimitsidwa kotereku kumakhala magalimoto apamwamba komanso apamwamba monga Mercedes-Benz, Bentley ndi Rolls-Royce. Kwa zaka zambiri, kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic kwakhazikitsidwa mu Lexus LX570 SUV yapamwamba.

Ngati tikulankhula za Citroen C5, yomwe m'badwo waposachedwa wa Hydractive udapangidwa, tsopano ndi analogue ya pneumatic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimotozi. Zambiri pazomwe kuyimitsidwa koteroko kumagwira ntchito, komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito, zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ina... Wopanga magalimoto waku France adapanga chisankhochi kuti achepetse mtengo wopanga ndi kugulitsa mtundu wotchuka.

Chifukwa chake kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha kutalika kwa galimotoyo, komanso kuuma kwa mayunitsi. Monga njira ina, opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito maginito kuyimitsidwa pazinthu izi. Iwo anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kubwereza kwina.

Pomaliza, tikupereka kufananiza kwakanthawi kwamakanema ena mwanjira zina zoyimitsa, kuphatikiza mtundu wa hydropneumatic:

⚫KUTHEKA KUKHALA NDI ZONSE! KUYIMITSIDWA KWA GALIMOTO KWAMBIRI.