Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za makina amakono agalimoto?

Machitidwe amakono agalimoto

Magalimoto amakono ali ndi makina ambiri amagetsi. Zapangidwa kuti zithandizire dalaivala komanso kuti azikhala otetezeka. Ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuti dalaivala watsopano amvetsetse ABS, ESP, 4WD ndi zina zotero. Tsambali limafotokoza zidule zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maina amachitidwe agalimoto, komanso kufotokozera mwachidule. ABS, English anti-lock braking system, anti-lock braking system. Zimalepheretsa magudumu kuti atseke galimoto ikayimitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziziyenda bwino komanso kuti ziziyenda bwino. Tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto zamakono kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwa ABS kumalola dalaivala wosaphunzitsidwa kuteteza magudumu. ACC, Active Cornering Control, nthawi zina ACE, BCS, CATS. Makinawa dongosolo kukhazika ofananira nawo thupi mu ngodya, ndipo nthawi zina variable kuyimitsidwa kayendedwe. Momwe zinthu zoyimitsira zogwira zimathandizira kwambiri.

ADR basi mtunda kusintha

Iyi ndi njira yosungira mtunda wotetezeka kuchokera pagalimoto yomwe ili patsogolo. Dongosololi limakhazikitsidwa ndi radar yomwe idayikidwa kutsogolo kwagalimoto. Imasanthula mosalekeza mtunda wa galimoto yomwe ili patsogolo. Chizindikirochi chikagwera pansi pa chiwongolero chokhazikitsidwa ndi dalaivala, dongosolo la ADR lidzangolamulira galimotoyo kuti ichedwetse mpaka mtunda wa galimotoyo ufike pamtunda wotetezeka. AGS, adaptive transmission control. Ndi njira yokhayo yodzisinthira yokha kufala. Individual gearbox. AGS imasankha zida zoyenera kwambiri kwa dalaivala poyendetsa. Kuti muzindikire mawonekedwe oyendetsa, chowongolera chowongolera chimawunikidwa nthawi zonse. Mapeto otsetsereka ndi ma torque amakonzedwa, pambuyo pake ma transmissions amayamba kugwira ntchito molingana ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo. Kuonjezera apo, dongosolo la AGS limalepheretsa kusuntha kosafunikira, mwachitsanzo mumayendedwe apamsewu, ngodya kapena kutsika.

Samatha dongosolo kulamulira

Yakhazikitsidwa ndi ASR pamagalimoto aku Germany. Komanso DTS yotchedwa dynamic traction control. ETC, TCS - traction control system. STC, TRACS, ASC + T - automatic bata + traction control. Cholinga cha dongosololi ndikuletsa kutsetsereka kwa magudumu, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya katundu wosunthika pazigawo zopatsirana pamisewu yosagwirizana. Choyamba, mawilo oyendetsa amayimitsidwa, ndiye, ngati izi sizikukwanira, kuperekedwa kwa mafuta osakaniza ku injini kumachepetsedwa ndipo, motero, mphamvu yoperekedwa ku mawilo. Ma braking system nthawi zina amakhala BAS, PA kapena PABS. Dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi mu hydraulic brake system lomwe, pakachitika ngozi yadzidzidzi komanso mphamvu yosakwanira pa brake pedal, payokha imawonjezera kukakamiza kwa ma brake line, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu angachitire.

Makina ananyema

Cornering Brake Control ndi njira yomwe imayimitsa mabuleki akamakona. Central matayala inflation system - centralized tayala inflation system. DBC - Dynamic Brake Control - Dynamic brake control system. Zikavuta kwambiri, madalaivala ambiri amalephera kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi. Mphamvu yomwe woyendetsa galimoto amapondereza pedal ndiyosakwanira kuti agwire bwino mabuleki. Kuwonjezeka kotsatira kwa mphamvu kumangowonjezera pang'ono mphamvu ya braking. DBC imathandizira Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) mwa kufulumizitsa njira yolimbikitsira mu brake actuator, yomwe imatsimikizira kuyimitsidwa kwaufupi kwambiri. The ntchito dongosolo zachokera processing wa zambiri za mlingo wa kuwonjezeka kuthamanga ndi mphamvu pa ananyema pedal. DSC - Dynamic Stability Control - dongosolo lokhazikika lokhazikika.

DME - Digital Motor Electronics

DME - Digital Motor Electronics - makina oyendetsera injini zamagetsi zamagetsi. Imawongolera kuyatsa koyenera ndi jakisoni wamafuta ndi ntchito zina zowonjezera. Monga kusintha kapangidwe ka ntchito osakaniza. Dongosolo la DME limapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi mpweya wocheperako komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. DOT - US Department of Transportation - US department of Transportation. Amene ali ndi udindo malamulo chitetezo matayala. Cholemba pa tayalalo chimasonyeza kuti tayalalo ndi lovomerezeka ndi kuvomerezedwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito ku United States. Driveline ndiye kutsogolera pagalimoto. AWD - magudumu onse. FWD ndi gudumu lakutsogolo. RWD ndi gudumu lakumbuyo. 4WD-OD - magudumu anayi ngati kuli kofunikira. 4WD-FT ndi yokhazikika yamagudumu anayi.

ECT - kufalitsa koyendetsedwa ndi magetsi

Ndi makina owongolera amagetsi osinthira magiya mum'badwo waposachedwa wa zotengera zodziwikiratu. Zimatengera kuthamanga kwagalimoto, malo opumira komanso kutentha kwa injini. Amapereka kusintha kwa zida zosalala, kumawonjezera kwambiri moyo wa injini ndi kufala. Imakulolani kuti muyike ma aligorivimu angapo osinthira magiya. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo yozizira, zachuma ndi masewera. EBD - kugawa kwamagetsi kwamagetsi. Mu Chijeremani Baibulo - EBV - Elektronishe Bremskraftverteilung. Electronic brake force distribution system. Amapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoboola ma axles, kusinthasintha malinga ndi momwe msewu ulili. Monga liwiro, chikhalidwe cha kuphimba, kunyamula galimoto ndi zina. Makamaka kupewa kutsekereza mawilo a ekisi kumbuyo. Zotsatira zake zimawonekera makamaka pamagalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo. Cholinga chachikulu cha unit iyi ndi kugawa mphamvu braking pa nthawi yoyambira braking galimoto.

Momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito

Pamene, malinga ndi malamulo a sayansi, pansi pa zochita za inertia mphamvu, kugawanika pang'ono kwa katundu kumachitika pakati pa mawilo a ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito. Katundu wamkulu pa mabuleki kutsogolo lagona pa mawilo a ekseli kutsogolo. Pomwe ma braking torque amatha kuzindikirika bola mawilo a exle yakumbuyo sanatsitsidwe. Ndipo ngati torque yayikulu ikayikidwa pa iwo, imatha kutseka. Kuti mupewe izi, EBD imayendetsa zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku masensa a ABS ndi sensa yomwe imatsimikizira malo a brake pedal. Zimagwira ntchito pama braking system ndikugawanso mphamvu zama braking ku mawilo molingana ndi katundu omwe akuwachitira. EBD imayamba kugwira ntchito ABS isanayambe kapena ABS italephera chifukwa cha kulephera. ECS - Electronic shock absorber stiffness system. ECU ndiye gawo lowongolera zamagetsi pa injini.

EDC - Makina Oyendetsa Magalimoto

EDC, Electronic Damper Control - dongosolo lamagetsi lowongolera kuuma kwa zinthu zosokoneza. Apo ayi, ikhoza kutchedwa dongosolo lomwe limasamalira chitonthozo. Zamagetsi zimafananiza magawo a katundu, liwiro lagalimoto ndikuwunika momwe msewu ulili. Pothamanga pama mayendedwe abwino, EDC imauza ma dampers kuti azikhala ofewa. Ndipo pokhoma pamakona pa liwiro lalitali komanso kudzera m'magawo osasunthika, kumawonjezera kuuma komanso kumathandizira kukopa kwambiri. EDIS - makina opangira magetsi osalumikizana, opanda chosinthira - chogawa. EDL, Electronic Differential Loc - makina osiyanitsa amagetsi. Mu mtundu waku Germany wa EDS Elektronische Differentialsperre, iyi ndi loko yamagetsi yamagetsi.

Kupititsa patsogolo magalimoto

Ndizowonjezera kuwonjezera pamachitidwe odana ndi loko. Izi zimawonjezera kuthekera kwa chitetezo chamgalimoto. Imasintha magwiridwe antchito mumisewu yovuta ndipo imathandizira kutuluka, kuthamanga kwambiri, kukweza ndikuyendetsa m'malo ovuta. Mfundo ya dongosololi. Potembenuza gudumu lamagalimoto lokwera chitsulo chimodzi, njira zazitali mosiyanasiyana zimadutsa. Chifukwa chake, ma velocities awo akuyeneranso kukhala osiyana. Kusiyanaku kwakanthawi kumalipidwa chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito a makina oyimilira pakati pama mawilo oyendetsa. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana monga kulumikizana pakati pa gudumu lamanja ndi lamanzere la axle yoyendetsa galimoto kuli ndi zovuta zake.

Makhalidwe azida zamagalimoto

Kapangidwe kamasiyanidwe ndikuti, mosasamala kanthu za zoyendetsa, zimaperekanso magawidwe pakati pa mawilo a chitsulo choyendetsa. Mukamayendetsa molunjika pamtunda ndikugwira mofanana, izi sizimakhudza momwe magalimoto amayendera. Magudumu oyendetsa galimoto akatsekedwa ndi ma coefficients osiyana, gudumu loyenda pagawo lamsewu lokhala ndi coefficient yotsika limayamba kuterera. Chifukwa cha makokedwe ofanana ofanana ndi kusiyanasiyana, gudumu lamagalimoto limachepetsa chidwi cha gudumu lotsutsana. Kutseka kusiyanasiyana pakakhala kusasunga zochitika zamatayala akumanzere ndi kumanja kumachotsa izi.

Momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito

Mwa kulandira ma sign kuchokera pama sensa othamanga omwe amapezeka mu ABS, a EDS amatsimikiza kuthamanga kwa mawilo oyendetsedwa ndikuwayerekezera nthawi zonse. Ngati ma velocosular sagwirizane, mwachitsanzo, potengera liwiro limodzi mwamagudumu, limachedwetsa mpaka likhale lofanana pafupipafupi ndi kulumpha. Chifukwa cha lamuloli, mphindi yotseguka imawonekera. Izi, ngati kuli koyenera, zimapangitsa zotsatira za kusiyanasiyana kwamakina, ndipo gudumu, lomwe limakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri, limatha kupititsa patsogolo. Pa liwiro la pafupifupi 110 rpm, dongosololi limasinthira pamachitidwe opangira. Ndipo imagwira ntchito popanda choletsa kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 80 pa ola limodzi. Dongosolo la EDB limagwiranso ntchito mbali ina, koma siligwira ntchito mukakhala pakona.

Gawo lamagetsi lamagalimoto

ECM, gawo lowongolera zamagetsi - gawo lowongolera zamagetsi. Makompyuta ang'onoang'ono amatsimikizira nthawi ya jakisoni komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amabadwira pa silinda iliyonse. Izi zimathandiza kupeza mphamvu akadakwanitsira ndi makokedwe ku injini malinga ndi pulogalamu anapereka mmenemo. EGR - kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kupititsa patsogolo Network Ina - njira yolowera mkati. Zambiri za kuchulukana, ntchito yomanga ndi njira zodutsamo. Ubongo wamagetsi wagalimoto nthawi yomweyo umalozera kwa dalaivala njira yoti agwiritse ntchito komanso yomwe ili bwino kuyimitsa. ESP imayimira Electronic Stability Programme - ndi ATTS. ASMS - imayendetsa dongosolo lokhazikika. DSC - mphamvu yokhazikika yokhazikika. Fahrdynamik-Regelung ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwagalimoto. Njira yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za anti-lock, traction ndi electronic throttle control systems.

Gawo loyang'anira zamagalimoto

Chipangizocho chimalandira chidziwitso kuchokera pamagalimoto oyendetsa pang'ono komanso oyendetsa magudumu. Zambiri zokhudza kuthamanga kwagalimoto komanso kusintha kwa gudumu lililonse. Njirayi imasanthula izi ndikuwerengera njira yolowera, ndipo ngati ikuyenda kapena kuyendetsa liwiro lenileni siligwirizana ndi lowerengedwa, ndipo galimotoyo imapanga kapena, kukonzanso njira. Imachedwetsa magudumu ndikuchepetsa kuyendetsa injini. Pakakhala vuto ladzidzidzi, sililipira kuyankha kosakwanira kwa dalaivala ndipo limathandizira kuyendetsa bata. Ntchito ya dongosololi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowongolera poyendetsa magalimoto. CCD imazindikira chiopsezo chothothoka ndikubwezera kukhazikika kwa galimoto mbali imodzi moyenera.

Njira zamagalimoto

Mfundo ya dongosololi. Chipangizo cha CCD chimayankha pakavuta. Njirayi imalandira yankho kuchokera ku masensa omwe amatsimikizira kuyendetsa ndi liwiro lagudumu lagalimoto. Yankho lake lingapezeke poyesa momwe kasinthasintha kagalimoto mozungulira olowera komanso kukula kwake. Ngati zambiri zomwe zimalandiridwa kuchokera ku masensa zimapereka mayankho osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti pali kuthekera kovuta komwe kulowererapo mu CCD. Zinthu zovuta zitha kudziwonetsera m'mitundu iwiri yamagalimoto. Osakwanira kuyendetsa galimoto. Poterepa, CCD imayimitsa gudumu lakumbuyo, lochotseredwa kuchokera mkati mwa ngodya, komanso imakhudza injini ndi makina owongolera othamangitsira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto

Powonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu za braking zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gudumu lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa, vector ya mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa galimotoyo imazungulira mozungulira ndikubwezeretsa galimotoyo m'njira yokonzedweratu, kuteteza kusuntha kuchoka pamsewu ndipo motero kukwaniritsa kuwongolera kasinthasintha. Bwezerani m'mbuyo. Pankhaniyi, CCD imayang'ana gudumu lakutsogolo kunja kwa ngodya ndipo imakhudza injini ndi dongosolo lowongolera kufala. Chotsatira chake, vekitala ya mphamvu yolandiridwa yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa galimotoyo imazungulira kunja, kulepheretsa galimotoyo kuti isasunthike ndi kuzungulira kosalamulirika motsatira mozungulira mozungulira. Chinthu china chodziwika chomwe chimafuna kuti CCD alowererepo ndikupewa chopinga chomwe chikuwonekera mwadzidzidzi pamsewu.

Kuwerengera kwamagalimoto

Ngati galimoto ilibe CCD, zomwe zikuchitika nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa motere: Mwadzidzidzi chopinga chimayang'ana kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo. Pofuna kupewa kugundana nayo, dalaivala amatembenukira mwamphamvu kumanzere, kenako nkubwerera kumisewu yoyenda kumanja. Chifukwa cha izi, magalimoto amatembenuka mwamphamvu, ndipo mawilo am'mbuyo amaterera, ndikusandulika kosazungulira kwa galimoto mozungulira olowera. Zomwe zili ndi galimoto yokhala ndi CCD zimawoneka mosiyana pang'ono. Woyendetsa amayesa kulambalala chopingacho, monga poyamba. Kutengera ma siginolo ochokera kuma sensa a CCD, imazindikira mawonekedwe oyendetsa galimotoyo. Njirayi imapanga kuwerengera koyenera ndipo poyankha mabuleki kumbuyo kwa gudumu lakumbuyo, potero kumathandizira kusintha kwagalimoto.

Malangizo a magalimoto

Komabe, ofananira pagalimoto mphamvu ya mawilo kutsogolo anakhalabe. Galimoto ikalowa mbali yakumanzere, dalaivala amayamba kukhotetsa chiwongolero kumanja. Pofuna kuyendetsa galimoto kumanja, CCD imayimitsa gudumu lakumanja lakumanja. Mawilo am'mbuyo amasinthasintha momasuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zoyendetsa pambuyo pake zizichita. Kusintha mayendedwe a dalaivala kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwakuthwa kwa galimoto mozungulira olowera. Pofuna kuti magudumu akumbuyo asadumphe, gudumu lakumanzere limaima. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, braking iyi iyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa oyendetsa mozungulira omwe akuyenda pama gudumu akutsogolo. Malangizo pakuyendetsa kwa CCD. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizimitse CCD: galimoto ikama "gwedezeka" ikamagwa mu chipale chofewa kapena pansi, mukamayendetsa ndi matcheni a chipale chofewa, mukamayang'ana galimoto pa dynamometer.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito magalimoto

Kuzimitsa CCD kumachitika ndikudina batani lolembedwa pagulu la zida ndikudinanso batani lomwe lawonetsedwa. Injini ikayamba, CCD ikugwira ntchito. ETCS - Electronic Throttle Control System. Injini yoyang'anira imalandira zidziwitso kuchokera ku masensa awiri: malo a accelerator pedal ndi accelerator pedal, ndipo, malinga ndi pulogalamu yomwe idayikidwamo, imatumiza malamulo ku makina oyendetsa magetsi oyendetsa magetsi. ETRTO ndi European Tire and Wheel Technical Organisation. Association of European Tire and Wheel Manufacturers. FMVSS - Federal Highway Traffic Safety Standards - Miyezo ya Chitetezo ku America. FSI - jekeseni wamafuta - jekeseni wa stratified Wopangidwa ndi Volkswagen.

Njira zamagalimoto zimapindula

Zipangizo zamafuta zamafuta omwe ali ndi jakisoni wa FSI zimapangidwa mofananira ndi mayunitsi a dizilo. Mpope wapamwamba umapopa mafuta mu njanji yofanana yama silinda onse. Mafutawo amalowetsedwa m'chipinda choyaka moto kudzera ma jakisoni okhala ndi ma valavu a solenoid. Lamulo lotsegulira mphutsi iliyonse limaperekedwa ndi oyang'anira apakati, ndipo magwiridwe ake amadalira kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa injini. Ubwino wa injini ya injini ya jekeseni. Chifukwa cha jakisoni wokhala ndi ma valavu a solenoid, mafuta osakanikirana amatha kulowetsedwa m'chipinda choyaka moto nthawi ina. Kusintha kwa gawo la camshaft la 40-degree kumapereka kutengeka kwabwino motsika mpaka kuthamanga kwapakatikati. Kugwiritsa ntchito utsi wamafuta pobwezeretsa kumachepetsa umuna wa zinthu zapoizoni. Ma injini a FSI oyendetsa jekeseni ndi 15% kuposa ndalama kuposa injini zamafuta.

HDC - Hill Descent Control - Automotive Systems

HDC - Hill Descent Control - njira yowongolera potsika potsetsereka komanso poterera. Zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kupondereza injini ndikuyimitsa mawilo, koma ndi malire okhazikika oyambira makilomita 6 mpaka 25 pa ola limodzi. PTS - Parktronic System - mu mtundu waku Germany wa Abstandsdistanzkontrolle, iyi ndi njira yoyang'anira malo oimikapo magalimoto yomwe imatsimikizira mtunda wa chopinga chapafupi pogwiritsa ntchito masensa akupanga omwe ali mu ma bumpers. Dongosolo limaphatikizapo ma transducers akupanga ndi gawo lowongolera. Chizindikiro choyimba chimadziwitsa dalaivala za mtunda wopita ku chopingacho, phokoso lomwe limasintha ndi kuchepa kwa mtunda kuchokera pa chopingacho. Kufupikitsa mtunda, kupuma pakati pa zizindikiro kumafupikitsa.

Reifen Druck Control - Magalimoto Oyendetsa

Pamene chopingacho chimakhala 0,3 m, phokoso la chizindikiro limakhala lopitirira. Chizindikiro cha phokoso chimathandizidwa ndi zizindikiro zowala. Zizindikiro zofananira zili mkati mwa cab. Kuphatikiza pa dzina la ADK Abstandsdistanzkontrolle, chidule cha PDC yoyima galimoto yakutali ndi Parktronik angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza dongosololi. Reifen Druck Control ndi njira yowunikira kuthamanga kwa matayala. Makina a RDC amawunika kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa matayala agalimoto. Dongosolo limazindikira kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa tayala limodzi kapena angapo. Chifukwa cha RDC, kuvala kwa matayala msanga kumapewedwa. SIP imayimira Side Effects Protection System. Zimapangidwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi komanso zopatsa mphamvu komanso ma airbags am'mbali, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwakunja chakumbuyo chakumbuyo chakumbuyo.

Kuteteza kwa magalimoto

Malo a masensa amakhudza kuyankha kwachangu kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazokhudza mbali, chifukwa malo opindika ndi masentimita 25-30 okha SLS ndi Suspension Leveling System. Izi zikhoza kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa malo a thupi motsatira njira yotalikirapo yokhudzana ndi yopingasa pamene mukuyendetsa mofulumira m'misewu yovuta kapena pansi pa katundu wambiri. SRS ndi njira yowonjezera yoletsa. Airbags, kutsogolo ndi mbali. Zotsirizirazi nthawi zina zimatchedwa SIP side impact system system, yomwe pamodzi ndi iwo imaphatikizapo matabwa apadera a zitseko ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Chidule chatsopano ndi WHIPS, chovomerezeka ndi Volvo ndi IC, chomwe chimayimira chitetezo cha chikwapu, motsatana. Mpando wapadera kumbuyo kapangidwe ndi headrest yogwira ndi mpweya chophimba. The airbag ili pambali pa mutu dera.