Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka valavu yampweya

Valavu yamagetsi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa injini yoyaka mkati. M'galimoto, imapezeka pakati pazakudya zochulukirapo ndi fyuluta yamlengalenga. Mu injini za dizilo, kupopera sikofunikira, komabe, kumayikidwabe pamakina amakono ngati zingachitike mwadzidzidzi. Zilinso chimodzimodzi ndi injini zamafuta omwe ali ndi makina owongolera ma valve. Ntchito yayikulu ya valavu yakukhazikika ndikupereka ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya kofunikira kuti apange mpweya wamafuta. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwa mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito injini, kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mawonekedwe a galimoto yonse zimatengera magwiridwe antchito a damper.

Choke chipangizo

Mwachidule, valavu ya fulumizitsa ndi zinyalala. Pamalo otseguka, kukakamizidwa kwamachitidwe olowera ndikofanana ndi mlengalenga. Ikamatseka, imachepa, kuyandikira mtengo wa zingalowe (izi zimachitika chifukwa injini ikugwiradi ntchito ngati pampu). Pachifukwa ichi cholimbikitsira chotsukira chotsalira chimalumikizidwa ndikuchulukirachulukira. Mwapangidwe, damper yokha ndi mbale yozungulira yomwe imatha kusinthidwa madigiri 90. Kusintha kotereku ndikumayenda kuyambira kutsegulira kwathunthu mpaka kutseka valavu.

Thupi lopumira (gawo) limaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Nyumba zokhala ndi ma nozzles angapo. Amalumikizidwa ndi mpweya wabwino, kuyambiranso kwa nthunzi yamafuta ndi makina oziziritsa (kutenthetsa damper).
• Actuator yomwe imayendetsa valavu poyenda ndikukanikiza poyambira gasi ndi driver.
• Ma sensa amaudindo, kapena potentiometers. Amayeza mbali yoyamba ya valavu ya fulumizitsa ndipo amatumiza chizindikiritso ku injini yolamulira. M'machitidwe amakono, masensa awiri owongolera mawonekedwe opumira amaikidwa, omwe atha kukhala ndi kutsetsereka (potentiometers) kapena magnetoresistive (osalumikizana).
• Woyang'anira okhazikika. Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi liwiro la crankshaft munjira yotsekedwa. Ndiye kuti, malo ocheperako otsegulira damper amaperekedwa ngati chopondera cha gasi sichikakamizidwa.

Mitundu ndi magwiridwe antchito a valavu yampweya

Mtundu wamagalimoto opumira umatsimikizira kapangidwe kake, momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi kuwongolera. Zitha kukhala zamakina kapena zamagetsi (zamagetsi).

Mawotchi pagalimoto chipangizo

Mitundu yamagalimoto akale komanso bajeti imakhala ndi makina opanga ma valve, momwe mpweya umalumikizirana ndi valavu yonyamula pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chapadera. Makina oyendetsa valavu ya fulumizitsa amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• accelerator (accelerator ngo);
• ndodo ndi mikono;
• chingwe chachitsulo.

Kukanikiza pamafuta amagetsi kumayambitsa makina azitsulo, ndodo ndi chingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti damper izizungulira (yotseguka). Zotsatira zake, mpweya umayamba kuyenda mu kachitidweko ndikusakanikirana kwa mafuta-mpweya kumapangidwa. Pomwe mpweya umaperekedwa, mafuta amalowa ndipo, motero, liwiro lidzawonjezeka. Ma accelerator akakhala kuti sakugwira ntchito, mphutsi imabwerera pamalo otsekedwa. Kuphatikiza pa zoyeserera zoyambira, makina amachitidwe atha kuphatikizanso kuwongolera kayendedwe ka fulumizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito chogwirira chapadera.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi

Mtundu wachiwiri komanso wamasiku ano wazinyalala ndizopumira zamagetsi (zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi). Kusiyana kwake kofunikira ndi:

• Palibe kulumikizana mwachindunji kwamakina pakati pa pedal ndi damper. M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti makokedwe a injini azisiyanasiyana popanda kufunika kokhumudwitsa.
• Liwiro la injini limasinthidwa ndikusunthira pang'onopang'ono.

Njira zamagetsi zikuphatikiza:

• gasi ngo ndi malo fulumizitsa masensa;
• zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (ECU);
• magetsi.

Dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi limaganiziranso zomwe zimachokera ku gearbox, kayendetsedwe kazanyengo, mabuleki oyenda mozungulira, kuwongolera maulendo apanyanja.

Mukasindikiza accelerator, chojambulira cha mpweya, chopangidwa ndi ma potentiometers awiri odziyimira pawokha, chimasintha kukana kwa dera, chomwe ndi chizindikiro ku gawo loyang'anira zamagetsi. Wotsirizirayo amapereka lamulo loyenera pagalimoto yamagetsi (mota) ndikusinthira valavu ya fulumizitsa. Udindo wake, umayang'aniridwa ndi masensa oyenera. Amatumiza zambiri zamalo atsopano a valavu ku ECU.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yapano pano ndi potentiometer yokhala ndi zizindikilo zingapo komanso kukana kwathunthu kwa 8 kΩ. Ili pathupi pake ndipo imagwira ntchito potembenuza olamulira, ndikusinthira mbali yotsegulira valavu kukhala yamagetsi a DC.

Pamalo otsekedwa a valavu, magetsi azikhala pafupifupi 0,7V, ndipo pamalo otseguka bwino, adzakhala pafupifupi 4V. Chizindikiro ichi chimalandiridwa ndi wowongolera, potero amaphunzira za kuchuluka kwa kutseguka kwa mphutsi. Kutengera izi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa kumawerengedwa.

Kutulutsa mawonekedwe amtundu wama damper position sensors ndi osiyanasiyana. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi kumatengedwa ngati chizindikiro chowongolera. Njirayi imathandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike.

Ntchito yoyendetsa ndi kukonza

Ngati fulumizitsa amalephera, gawo lake limasinthiratu, koma nthawi zina ndikwanira kusintha (kusintha) kapena kuyeretsa. Chifukwa chake, kuti ntchito yolondola kwambiri yamagetsi yoyendetsa magetsi, ndikofunikira kusintha kapena kuphunzitsa valavu ya fulumizitsa. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kusungitsa zidziwitso pamiyeso yama valve (kutsegulira ndi kutseka) kukumbukira kwa wowongolera.

Kusinthasintha kwa valavu ya fulumizidwe ndikofunikira munthawi zotsatirazi:

• Mukamabwezeretsa kapena kusinthiratu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagalimoto.
• Mukachotsa damper.
• Ngati injini yosakhazikika ikudziwika.

Thupi lopumira limaphunzitsidwa pamalo operekera zida pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera (ma scanner). Kulowerera mopanda ntchito kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kolakwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.

Ngati vuto likuchitika mbali ya sensa, kuwala kovuta pa dashboard kudzaunikira. Izi zitha kuwonetsa zosalongosoka komanso kulumikizana kosweka. Choyipa china chofala ndikutuluka kwa mpweya, komwe kumatha kupezeka ndikuwonjezereka kwakanthawi kwa liwiro la injini.

Ngakhale kapangidwe kake ndi kophweka, ndibwino kuperekera matenda ndi kukonza valavu ya fulumizitsa kwa katswiri wodziwa zambiri. Izi ziziwonetsetsa kuti ndalama zikuyenda bwino, zili bwino, komanso koposa zonse, kuyendetsa bwino galimoto ndikuwonjezera moyo wa injini.