Kodi kuyimitsidwa kwachangu ndi chiyani?

Kuyimitsidwa kwachangu kumatchedwa kuyimitsidwa, zomwe magawo ake amatha kusintha pakugwira ntchito. Mwanjira ina, kuyimitsidwa kwachangu kumatha kuyendetsa (pamagetsi kapena pamagetsi yamagetsi) kuyenda kwama mawilo amgalimoto. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe imasanthula msewu, kutsetsereka, kuthamanga komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto.

Kuyimitsidwa kogwira ntchito ndi chiyani

Kuyimitsidwa kwamtunduwu kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu ndi kuyimitsidwa pang'ono. Kusiyanitsa kwamagulu awiriwa ndikuti ngakhale kuyimitsidwa kwachangu kumatha kukhudza ma absorbers osokonekera komanso chinthu china chilichonse chassis, kuyimitsidwa kwama adaptive kumangokhudza ma absorbers owopsa.

Kuyimitsidwa kwachangu kumapangidwira kukonza chitetezo cha magalimoto ndikupatsanso chitonthozo chachikulu cha okwera, ndipo izi zimatheka posintha kuyimitsidwa.

Kuyimitsidwa kwamtunduwu, monga njira ina iliyonse yoyimitsira, ndi kuphatikiza kwamagulu ndi njira zomwe zimatsimikizira kutonthoza komanso chitetezo cha dalaivala ndi omwe akukwera mgalimoto.

Kusamalira ndi kukhazikika kwa galimoto kumadalira mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake opanga magalimoto ndi eni ake akutembenukira ku kuyimitsidwa kosinthika komwe kumatha kusintha mtundu uliwonse wamisewu.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito yoyimitsidwa

Monga chida, kuyimitsidwa kwachangu sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kuyimitsidwa komwe kumapezeka mgalimoto zamakono. Zomwe zikusowa munthawi zina zoyimitsidwa ndikuwongolera pazoyimitsa, koma zambiri pambuyo pake ...

Tidatchula koyambirira kuti kuyimitsidwa kwachangu kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake (kusintha) pa ntchentche.

Kuti achite izi, ayenera kuti choyamba adziwe zofunikira pakayendetsa galimotoyo. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito masensa osiyanasiyana omwe amasonkhanitsa deta pamtundu ndi kusalala kwa msewu womwe galimoto ikuyenda, momwe thupi limayendera, magawo oyendetsa, mawonekedwe oyendetsa ndi zina (kutengera mtundu wa chassis chosinthika). ).

Zomwe amatola ndi masensa zimapita pagalimoto yoyang'anira zamagalimoto, komwe imakonzedwa ndikupatsidwa zida zamagetsi ndi zinthu zina zoyimitsidwa. Lamulo likangoperekedwa kuti lisinthe magawo, dongosololi limayamba kuzolowera mtundu woyimitsidwa: wabwinobwino, womasuka kapena wamasewera.

Yogwira kuyimitsidwa zinthu

• kulamulira pakompyuta;
• ndodo yosinthika;
• absorbers yogwira mantha;
• masensa.

Chipangizo chamagetsi chazomwe zimayang'anira njira zoyendetsera kuyimitsidwa. Izi zimasanthula zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi masensa ndikutumiza chizindikiritso ku chida chowongolera choyendetsedwa ndi driver.

Ndodo yosinthira imasintha momwe imakhalira molimba kutengera chizindikiro chomwe wapatsidwa ndi zida zamagetsi. Machitidwe amakono oyimitsa oyimitsa amalandila ndikusintha ma signature mwachangu kwambiri, kulola kuti driver asinthe makonda oyimitsa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo.

Makina osinthika osinthika

Izi zimatha kuyankha mwachangu mtundu wamisewu komanso momwe galimoto ikuyendera, kusintha kuwuma kwa kuyimitsidwa. Ma dampers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsidwa mwachangu ndi omwe amakhala ndi ma solenoid dampers ndi maginito a rheological fluid dampers.

Zoyeserera zoyipa zamtundu woyamba zimasintha kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mavavu yamagetsi, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri umadzazidwa ndi madzimadzi apadera omwe amasintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe awo mwamphamvu yamaginito.

Zomvera

Izi ndizida zopangira kuyeza ndi kusonkhanitsa zomwe zimafunikira pakompyuta kuti musinthe makonda ndi magawo oyimitsa ngati kuli kofunikira.

Tikukhulupirira kuti takwanitsa kumveketsa pang'ono za kuyimitsidwa kogwira mtima, koma tiyeni tiwone momwe kuyimitsiraku kumagwirira ntchito wamba.

Ingoganizirani kuti mukuyendetsa pamsewu ndipo kukwera kwanu ndiyosalala (kosalala monga zimakhalira munjira zachilendo). Komabe, nthawi ina, mungaganize zosiya mseu waukulu ndikuyenda msewu wachitatu, wokhala ndi maenje.

Ngati muli ndi kuyimitsidwa koyenera, palibe chomwe mungachite koma kuwona kugwedezeka kwa kanyumbako kukukulira ndipo galimoto yanu imangodumphadumpha mobwerezabwereza komanso mosasangalatsa. Muyeneranso kusamala mukamayendetsa galimoto ndikuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa pamakhala chiopsezo chotaya kuyendetsa galimoto pama bampu aliwonse.

Komabe, ngati mwayimitsidwa, kusintha kumeneku kwa mtundu wa mayendedwe omwe mukukwera sikukukhudzani mwanjira ina iliyonse, chifukwa mukangochoka mumsewu waukulu, mutha kungosintha zowongolera ndipo zikhala " Limbikirani". kapena mosemphanitsa - ngati mukuyendetsa mumsewu wovuta pamsewu waukulu, mutha kuyimitsa kuyimitsidwa kuti ikhale "yofewa".

Zonsezi ndizotheka chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa kwachangu, komwe kumatha kusintha njira yanu ndikuyendetsa.

Inde, monga tanenera poyamba, kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsidwa kungathe kusintha kumadalira ngati kukugwira ntchito kapena kusinthasintha. Munthawi yoyamba, mutha kusintha kuyimitsidwa konse, ndipo chachiwiri, ndi zotsekemera zokha.

Kuyimitsidwa kwachangu

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kuyimitsidwa koyenera komanso kolimbikira
Kuyimitsidwa koyenera, komwe kumapezeka pamagalimoto onse apansi komanso apakatikati, kumatha kupereka bata ndikulimbikitsanso poyenda, koma pali vuto limodzi lalikulu. Popeza palibe magwiridwe antchito, kutengera mtundu wama absorber oyendetsa omwe galimoto ili nawo, imatha kupereka magwiridwe antchito ndi chitonthozo panjira komanso pabwino, komanso kutonthozedwa poyendetsa m'misewu yosagwirizana.

M'malo mwake, kuyimitsidwa mwamphamvu kumatha kukupatsani chilimbikitso chokwanira komanso kusamalira bwino, mosasamala kanthu pamsewu, momwe mungayendetsere kapena mtundu wamagalimoto.

Kulikonse komwe mungakhale, njira yoyimitsira yogwira ndiyabwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kukupatsirani mwayi woyenda kwambiri komanso chitetezo chokwanira.

Zovuta zokha pazoyimitsidwa zamtunduwu zomwe titha kuzitchula ndi mtengo wokwera, womwe ungakweze kwambiri mtengo woyambira wagalimoto, komanso kuchuluka kwakukonzekera komwe aliyense woyimitsa magalimoto akuyenera kulipira. mtsogolo.

Ntchito kuyimitsidwa yogwira

Popeza mtengo wa kuyimitsidwa kwachangu ndi wokwera kwambiri, lero kuyimitsidwa koteroko kumatha kupezeka makamaka pamitundu yamagalimoto amtundu wa Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Opel, Toyota, Volkswagen, Citroen ndi ena.

Kutengera kapangidwe ka zopanga zagalimoto iliyonse, wopanga aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwamakampani munyimbo zawo zamagalimoto.

Mwachitsanzo, makina a AVS amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi Toyota ndi Lexus, BMW imagwiritsa ntchito Adaptive Drive Active Suspension System, Porsche imagwiritsa ntchito Porsche Active Suspension Management System (PASM), OPEL imagwiritsa ntchito Continuous Damping System (DSS), Mercedes-Benz imagwiritsa ntchito Adaptive Damping System (ADS). ndi zina.

Iliyonse yamakina oyeserera adapangidwa kuti azisowa mtundu wina wamagalimoto ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, kuyimitsidwa kwa Adaptive kwa BMW, mwachitsanzo, kumakonza mphamvu zonyamula zida zowonongera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magalimoto akuyenda bwino. Adaptive Drive ili ndi makina amagetsi, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi kusintha, dalaivala amatha kusankha njira yoyendetsa bwino kwambiri: yabwinobwino, yabwino kapena yamasewera.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa Opel Continuous Damping Control (DSS) kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha ma damper padera wina ndi mnzake. Opel akukonzekera m'badwo watsopano wa kuyimitsidwa yogwira - FlexRide, imene mode kuyimitsidwa akhoza kusankhidwa pa kukhudza kwa batani.

Dongosolo la Porsche la PASM limatha kulumikizana ndi magudumu onse agalimoto ndikuwongolera mphamvu zotsitsa komanso kutalika kwaulendo.

Mu kuyimitsidwa kwamphamvu kwa Mercedes ADS, masika amasinthidwa ndi hydraulic actuator, yomwe imapanikiza kuthamanga kwamafuta pama absorbers amantha. Masika, okwera moyenera pamagetsi oyipa, amakhala pama hydraulic fluid a silinda wama hydraulic.

Zitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi amadzimadzi amadzipangira okha mphamvu zamagetsi. Dongosolo la ADS limalepheretsa kwathunthu kuyendetsa thupi pansi pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana (kutembenuka, kuthamanga, kuimitsa), ndikusinthanso kutalika kwa thupi (galimoto imatsika ndi 13 mm mwachangu kuposa 11 km / h)

Imodzi mwama projekiti osangalatsa kwambiri oyimitsidwa ndi Hyundai pagalimoto yawo. AGCS Active Geometry Suspension System imalola dalaivala kusintha kutalika kwa mikono yoyimitsidwa, potero amasintha mtunda wamiyala yakumbuyo. Galimoto yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kutalika.

Mukamayendetsa mowongoka komanso mukamayendetsa mwachangu, dongosololi limakhazikitsa njira yocheperako. Komabe, liwiro likamakulirakulira, dongosololi limasintha, ndikuchepetsa mtunda wamiyala yakumbuyo, motero limakhala lolimba.

Mbiri yachidule yakuyimitsidwa mwachangu

Mbiri yakuyimitsidwa kotere idayamba zaka zopitilira makumi awiri zapitazo, pomwe mainjiniya a Lotus adakwanitsa kuyimitsa magalimoto awo othamanga a F1. Tsoka ilo, zoyesayesa zoyambilira sizinayende bwino, chifukwa kuyimitsidwa sikunali kokha kaphokoso kokha komanso kunali ndi vuto la kugwedera, komanso kumawononga mphamvu zambiri. Ndi kuwonjezera kwa ndalama zotsika kwambiri zopangira, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake kuyimitsidwa kotereku sikunatchulidwe konse.

Komabe, pakupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndikupitilizabe kupitiliza kwa ma department a mainjiniya agalimoto zazikulu, zoperewera zoyimitsidwa zosintha zidagonjetsedwa ndipo yayamba kukhazikitsidwa pamitundu ina yamagalimoto apamwamba. Anali oyamba kukhazikitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa Citroen, kenako Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, Nissan, Volkswagen, ndi ena.

Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto yamtengo wapatali imakhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kosintha. Tsoka ilo, mtengo wamtunduwu woyimitsabe udali wokwera kwambiri kwa ogula wamba, koma tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwa, ife apakati, titha kugula galimoto ndikuyimitsidwa mwachangu.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi kuyimitsidwa ndi chiyani? Izi ndizodziwikiratu, akasupe, zitsulo zokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonongeka (zimakhala ndi gawo lofewa la rabara lomwe limatenga kugwedezeka) pa thupi kapena chimango cha galimoto.

Kodi kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto ndi chiyani? Poyendetsa pamsewu pagalimoto, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka kumachokera ku mawilo chifukwa cha zolakwika pamtunda (maenje ndi tokhala). Kuyimitsidwa kumapereka galimotoyo kuyenda bwino komanso kukhudzana kosalekeza kwa mawilo ndi msewu.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya pendants yomwe ilipo? Standard double wishbone, multi-link, De Dion, wodalira, theka-wodalira ndi McFcrson strut. Magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa pamodzi (MacPherson strut kutsogolo ndi theka-wodziimira kumbuyo).