Kodi car aerodynamics ndi chiyani?

Kuyang'ana zithunzi zakale za mitundu yayikulu yamagalimoto, aliyense azindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti pamene tikuyandikira masiku athu ano, thupi la galimoto likucheperachepera.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa chowonera mlengalenga. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chodziwika bwino cha izi, chifukwa chake kuli kofunikira kuganizira malamulo othamangitsa, komanso magalimoto omwe ali ndi vuto loyenda bwino, ndi ati omwe ali abwino.

Kodi aerodynamics yamagalimoto ndi chiyani

Ngakhale zitha kumveka zachilendo, momwe galimoto imayendera mwachangu pamsewu, imakonda kusiya pansi. Cholinga chake ndikuti kuyenda kwa mpweya komwe galimoto imagundana nako kudulidwa magawo awiri ndi thupi lagalimoto. Imodzi imapita pakati pa pansi ndi pamsewu, ndipo inayo imadutsa padenga ndikuyenda mozungulira makinawo.

Ngati muyang'ana mbali ya galimotoyo kumbali, ndiye kuti imawoneka ngati phiko la ndege. Chodziwika bwino cha gawo ili la ndege chimakhala chifukwa chakuti mpweya ukuyenda mopendekeka umadutsa njira yochuluka kuposa pansi pa gawo lolunjika la gawolo. Chifukwa cha ichi, chopukutira, kapena chotchinga, chimapangidwa pamwamba pamapiko. Ndi liwiro lowonjezeka, mphamvu imeneyi imakweza thupi kwambiri.

Zofanana zonyamula zimapangidwira galimoto. Chakumtunda chimayenda mozungulira boneti, denga ndi thunthu, pomwe chotsika chimazungulira pansi. China chomwe chimapangitsa kulimbana kwina ndi ziwalo za thupi pafupi ndi zowonekera (grayator kapena galasi lakutsogolo).

Kuthamanga kwamayendedwe kumakhudza mwachindunji kukweza. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe amthupi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofukula amapanga chipwirikiti chowonjezera, chomwe chimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwamagalimoto. Pachifukwa ichi, eni magalimoto ambiri akale okhala ndi mawonekedwe a angular, pokonza, amayenera kulumikiza zoyipitsa ndi zinthu zina m'thupi zomwe zimalola kukweza galimoto.

Chifukwa chiyani chikufunika?

Kukhazikika kumalola mpweya kuyenda mwachangu mthupi popanda ma vortexes osafunikira. Makinawo atasokonezedwa ndi kukakamira kwa mpweya, injini imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo, ngati kuti makinawo akunyamula katundu wina. Izi sizingakhudze chuma chamagalimoto chokha, komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyipa zomwe zidzatulutsidwe kudzera muipi yotulutsira chilengedwe.

Akatswiri opanga makina opanga magalimoto amawerengera zotsatirazi:

• Mpweya wotani womwe uyenera kulowa mchipinda cha injini kuti injini ilandire kuzirala koyenera;
• M'magawo amthupi mlengalenga mudzatengedwa mpweya wabwino, komanso komwe udzatulutse;
• Zomwe zingachitike kuti mpweya usamve phokoso m'galimoto;
• Mphamvu yokweza iyenera kugawidwa pachitsulo chilichonse molingana ndi mawonekedwe amthupi lagalimoto.

Zinthu zonsezi zimaganiziridwa mukamapanga makina atsopano. Ndipo ngati m'mbuyomu zinthu zamthupi zimatha kusintha kwambiri, lero asayansi apanga kale mitundu yabwino kwambiri yomwe imapereka kuchepa koyerekeza kozungulira kutsogolo. Pazifukwa izi, mitundu yambiri yam'badwo waposachedwa imatha kusiyanasiyana ndi kusintha pang'ono pokha pamawonekedwe kapena mapiko poyerekeza ndi m'badwo wakale.

Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikika pamisewu, kuwuluka mlengalenga kumathandizira kuti ziwalo zina za thupi zisadetsedwe. Chifukwa chake, pakuwombana ndi mphepo yam'mbuyo, nyali zowoneka mozungulira, bampala ndi galasi lanyumba zitha kukhala zonyansa mwachangu chifukwa cha tizirombo tating'onoting'ono.

Pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za kukweza, opanga magalimoto amayesetsa kuchepetsa chilolezo kufika pamtengo wokwanira wololeka. Komabe, mphamvu yakutsogolo si mphamvu yokhayo yolakwika yomwe imakhudza kukhazikika kwa makina. Akatswiri nthawi zonse "amayesetsa" pakati pa kutsogolo kutsogolo ndi kutsogolo. Ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa gawo labwino m'dera lililonse, chifukwa chake, pakupanga mtundu watsopano wa thupi, akatswiri nthawi zonse amakhala ndi vuto lina.

Mfundo zoyambira pompopompo

Kodi kukana kumeneku kumachokera kuti? Chilichonse ndichosavuta. Kuzungulira dziko lathuli kuli mpweya wokhala ndi magetsi. Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa magawo olimba amlengalenga (danga kuchokera pansi mpaka kuwona kwa mbalame) ndi pafupifupi 1,2 kg / mita mita. Pamene chinthu chikuyenda, chimagundana ndi mamolekyu a gasi omwe amapanga mpweya. Kuthamanga kwambiri, m'pamenenso mphamvuzi zimakhudzira chinthucho. Pachifukwa ichi, polowa mumlengalenga wapadziko lapansi, chombo chimayamba kutentha kwambiri chifukwa chotsutsana.

Ntchito yoyamba yomwe opanga mapangidwe atsopano akuyesera kuthana nayo ndi momwe angachepetsere kukoka. Chizindikiro ichi chimawonjezeka kanayi ngati galimoto ikuyenda mwachangu pakati pa 4 km / h mpaka 60 km / h. Kuti mumvetse kufunika kwa izi, taganizirani chitsanzo chaching'ono.

Kulemera kwake kwa mayendedwe ndi 2 36 kg. Maulendo akuthamangira ku 600 km / h. Nthawi yomweyo, ma watts 108 okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi gululi. Zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Koma kale pa liwiro la 16 km / h. 250 kW yamagetsi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale kuthana ndi kukana kwakumaso. Mukamayendetsa pa liwiro la 180 km / h. galimotoyo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokwanira 300 pamahatchi pokoka. Ngati dalaivala akufuna kuyendetsa galimoto kwambiri, mpaka makilomita 310 / ola limodzi, kuwonjezera pa mphamvu yowonjezera liwiro, njirayo iyenera kudya akavalo XNUMX kuti athane ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya wakutsogolo. Ndicho chifukwa chake galimoto yamasewera imafunikira mphamvu yamphamvu.

Kuti apange zovuta kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo mayendedwe abwino, mainjiniya amawerengera Cx yoyenerera. Chizindikiro ichi pofotokozera mtunduwo ndichofunikira kwambiri pokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe abwino amthupi. Dontho lamadzi limakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu m'derali. Ali ndi coefficient iyi ya 0,04. Palibe wopanga magalimoto angavomereze kapangidwe kake koyambirira kwamakina atsopanowa, ngakhale pakhala pali zosankha zingapo kale.

Pali njira ziwiri zochepetsera kukaniza kwa mphepo:

1. Sinthani mawonekedwe amthupi kuti mpweya uzungulire mozungulira galimoto momwe ungathere;
2. Pangani galimoto kukhala yopapatiza.

Makina akuyenda, mphamvu yowonekera imagwira pamenepo. Itha kukhala ndi vuto lotsika, lomwe limakhudza kwambiri kukoka. Kupanikizika pagalimoto sikuwonjezeka, vortex yomwe ikubwera idzaonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo ipatukana (wopanga aliyense amayesetsa kuthetsa izi).

Komano, pamene galimoto ikuyenda, mphamvu yachitatu imagwira pa iyo - mphamvu yotsatira. Dera lino silimatha kuwongoleredwa, chifukwa limakhudzidwa ndimitengo yambiri, monga kuwoloka kopita poyendetsa kutsogolo kapena pakona. Mphamvu ya izi singanenedweratu, chifukwa chake akatswiri samaika pachiwopsezo ndikupanga milandu ndi mulifupi yomwe imalola kuti kunyengerera kwa Cx kupangidwe.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowongoka, zakutsogolo ndi zoyandikira zomwe zingaganiziridwe, opanga magalimoto otsogola akupanga malo opangira ma labotale omwe amayesa kuyesa kuwunika. Kutengera ndi kuthekera kwakuthupi, labotaleyi imatha kuphatikizira ngalande ya mphepo, momwe kuyendetsa bwino kayendedwe kamayang'aniridwa poyenda kwakukulu.

Moyenera, opanga mitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto amayesetsa kuti abweretse katundu wawo ku chiwonetsero cha 0,18 (lero ndiye zabwino), kapena kupitilirapo. Koma palibe amene wapambana pa chachiwiri, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuthetsa mphamvu zina zomwe zimagwira pamakinawo.

Clamping ndi kukweza mphamvu

Nayi chinthu china chomwe chimakhudza kayendedwe ka mayendedwe. Nthawi zina, kukoka sikungachepetsedwe. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi magalimoto a F1. Ngakhale kuti thupi lawo limayenda bwino, mawilo ndi otseguka. Dera lino limabweretsa zovuta kwambiri kwa opanga. Pazoyendetsa zoterezi, Cx ili pakati pa 1,0 mpaka 0,75.

Ngati vortex yakumbuyo siyingathetsedwe pankhaniyi, ndiye kuti kuyenderera kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukulitsa kukoka ndi njirayo. Kuti muchite izi, ziwalo zowonjezera zimayikidwa m'thupi zomwe zimapanga mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, bampala yakutsogolo imakhala ndi chowonongera chomwe chimalepheretsa kukweza pansi, chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto yamasewera. Mapiko ofananawo amamangiriridwa kumbuyo kwa galimoto.

Phiko lakumaso silitsogolera kuyenda pansi pa galimotoyo, koma kumtunda kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha izi, mphuno zagalimoto nthawi zonse zimayang'ana msewu. Chotupa chimapangidwa kuchokera pansi, ndipo galimotoyo ikuwoneka kuti ikumamatira panjirayo. Wowononga kumbuyo amalepheretsa kupangika kwa vortex kuseli kwa galimotoyi - gawolo limaphwanya mayendedwe asanayambe kuyamwa m'malo opumira kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo.

Zinthu zazing'ono zimakhudzanso kuchepetsedwa kwa kukoka. Mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwa nyumba zamagalimoto zamasiku onse zimakwirira masamba owombera. Popeza kutsogolo kwagalimoto kumakumana ndimayendedwe amomwe akubwerawa, chidwi chimaperekedwa ngakhale kuzinthu zazing'ono monga kupewera mpweya.

Mukakhazikitsa zida zamagulu azamasewera, muyenera kukumbukira kuti zina zowonjezera zimapangitsa kuti galimoto ikhale yolimba pamsewu, koma nthawi yomweyo mayendedwe olowera amakulitsa kukoka. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuthamanga kwakanthawi kwamayendedwe kotere kudzakhala kotsika poyerekeza popanda zinthu zowonera mlengalenga. Zotsatira zina zoyipa ndikuti galimoto imayamba kuchita ngozi kwambiri. Zowona, zotsatira za zida zamasewera zimamveka pothamanga makilomita 120 pa ola limodzi, motero nthawi zambiri m'misewu ya anthu izi.

Zithunzi zokoka mozama potsatira njira:

Sh 0,7 - Caterham 7

Cx 0,6 - UAZ (469, Hunter)

Сх 0,58 - Jeep Wrangler (TJ)

Cx 0,57 - Hummer (H2)

Cx 0,56 - VAZ "classic" (01, 03, 05, 06, 07)

Kulemera 0,54 - Mercedes-Benz (G-class)

Cx 0,53 - VAZ 2121

Zithunzi zokoka bwino potsatira njira:

Onaninso: 0,18

Cx 0,19 - GM EV1

Cx 0,21 - Tesla (Model3)

Cx 0,23 - Audi A4

Cx 0,23 - Mercedes-Benz CLA

Cx 0,23 - Mercedes-Benz (S 300h)

Cx 0,24 - Mtundu wa Tesla S

Cx 0,24 - Tesla (Model X)

Cx 0,24 - Hyundai Sonata

Cx 0,24 - Toyota Prius

Cx 0,24 - Kalasi ya Mercedes-Benz C

Cx 0,25 - Audi A2

Cx 0,25 - Alfa Romeo (Giulia)

Cx 0,25 - Peugeot 508

Cx 0,25 - Honda Kumvetsetsa

Cx 0,26 - BMW (3-mndandanda kumbuyo kwa E90)

Cx 0,26 - BMW i8

Cx 0,26 - Mercedes-Benz (B)

Cx 0,26 - Mercedes-Benz (E-Maphunziro)

Cx 0,26 - Jaguar XE

Cx 0,26 - Nissan GT-R

Cx 0,26 - Infiniti Q50

Kuphatikiza apo, penyani kanema waifupi wokhudzana ndi kuwuluka kwamagalimoto:

Car aerodynamics, ndi chiyani? Kodi mungatani kuti musinthe momwe mumayendera magetsi? SIYENERA kupanga ndege mgalimoto?