Junkers Ju 87 D ndi G cz.4
Gulu lolimbana ndi akasinja la Junkers Ju 87 G-1 likukonzekera kunyamuka.
Zomwe zinapezedwa ndi oponya mabomba pankhondo ku Spain ndi kampeni ya ku Poland ya 1939 inatsimikizira kufunika kokonzanso ndege ya Ju 87. Zida zazing'ono. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito anali injini yatsopano yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kusintha kwamayendedwe a airframe.
Ntchito ya mtundu watsopano wa Stuka idayamba mchaka cha 1940, ndipo mu Meyi mapangidwewo adalandira dzina loti Junkers Ju 87 D. Kusintha kwa gawo lamagetsi. Njira ina yabwino inali injini ya 211-cylinder in-line liquid-utakhazikika Jumo 12 J-211 yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 1 hp. Injini yatsopanoyi inali yayitali kuposa yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtundu wa Ju 1420 B wopitilira masentimita 87, kotero kuti choyikapo chake chidayenera kutalikitsidwa ndikusinthidwanso. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yatsopano yozizirira idapangidwa. Kuzizira kwamafuta kunasunthidwa pansi pamunsi mwa choyikapo injini, ndipo ma radiator awiri amadzimadzi adayikidwa pansi pa mapiko, m'mphepete kumbuyo kwa gawo lapakati. Kusintha kwina kunali chophimba chatsopano cha cockpit, chomwe chinayesedwa kale pa Ju 40 B, W.Nr. 87.
Injini yatsopano ya Jumo 211 J-1 idayikidwa koyamba pa Ju 87 B-1, W.Nr. 0321, D-IGDK mu October 1940. Mayesero, omwe adatenga milungu ingapo, adasokonezedwa ndi kulephera kosalekeza kwa gawo lamagetsi losamalizidwa.
Chitsanzo choyamba chovomerezeka cha Ju 87 D chinali Ju 87 V21, W.Nr. 0536, D-INRF, anamaliza March 1941. Mothandizidwa ndi injini ya Jumo 211 J-1, ndegeyo inayesedwa kuyambira March mpaka August 1941 pa chomera cha Dessau. Mu August 1941, injini ya Jumo 211 J-1 inasinthidwa ndi Jumo 211 F. Nthawi yomweyo kumayambiriro kwa mayesero ndi magetsi atsopano, propeller inatuluka pamene ikugwira ntchito pa 1420 rpm. Pa September 30, 1939, kukonza kwa ndegeyo kunamalizidwa ndipo anasamutsidwira ku Erprobungsstelle Rechlin. Pambuyo pa mayeso angapo othawa, ndegeyo idaperekedwa mwalamulo ku Luftwaffe pa Okutobala 16, 1941. Pambuyo pake makinawo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa injini ndi makina ozizira. Mu February 1942, ndegeyo inabwerera ku Dessau, kumene zivundikiro zatsopano za radiator zinayikidwa, ndipo pa September 14, 1943, chitsanzocho chinaperekedwa kutsogolo.
Chitsanzo chachiwiri, Ju 87 V22, W.Nr. 0540, SF + TY, imayenera kumalizidwa pa nthawi yake kumapeto kwa 1940, komabe mavuto a injini anachedwa kutha ndipo mpaka May 1941 kuyesa ndege kunayamba. Pa November 10, 1941, ndegeyo inasamutsidwa ku Luftwaffe. Zotsatira za mayesowa zidakhutitsa chomera cha Junkers komanso oimira Rekhlin Experimental Center. Kumayambiriro kwa chisanu cha November 1941 kunapangitsanso kuyesa koyambira kozizira; kunapezeka kuti kuyambitsa injini ngakhale kutentha kwambiri sikufuna ntchito yapadera ndipo sikumayambitsa kulephera kwa magetsi.
Junkers Ju 87 D-1, W.Nr. 2302 yoyesedwa ndi zida zowonjezera.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1942, prototype inabwerera ku Dessau, kumene mayesero okhazikika ndi kusintha kwazing'ono kwa injini ya Jumo 211 J-1 inachitika, kenako ndegeyo inatumizidwa ku Rechlin. Pa August 20, 1942, m’kati mwa ulendo wina woyeserera ndege, ndegeyo inagwera m’nyanja ya Müritzsee. Ogwira ntchito ake, woyendetsa ndege: Fw. Herman Ruthard, wogwira ntchito wamba pa malo oyesera, anamwalira. Chomwe chinayambitsa ngoziyo mwina chinali kutayika kwa chidziwitso cha woyendetsa ndegeyo chifukwa cha poizoni wa carbon dioxide.
Chitsanzo chachitatu Ju 87 V23, W.Nr. 0542, PB+UB, yomalizidwa mu April 1941, ndipo mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake inasamutsidwira ku Erprobungsstelle Rechlin. Ichi chinali chitsanzo cha mtundu wa Ju 87 D-1. Mavuto ndi kutumiza kwa injini ya Jumo 211 J-1 inayimitsa mtundu wina wa Ju 87 V24, W.Nr. 0544, BK+EE, yomwe sinamalizidwe mpaka Ogasiti 1941. Ndegeyo inasamutsidwira ku Rechlin, kumene posakhalitsa inasweka ndi kubwerera ku Dessau ndi fuselage yowonongeka. Ataikonza mu November 1941, inatumizidwanso ku Rechlin. Mayesowa atamalizidwa, galimotoyo idayikidwa kutsogolo.
Chitsanzo chachisanu, Ju 87 V25, W.Nr. 0530, BK+EF, inali yofanana ndi mtundu wotentha wa Ju 87 D-1/trop. Airframe inamalizidwa kumayambiriro kwa March 1941, koma mpaka July 1941 pamene injini ya Jumo 211 J-1 inakhazikitsidwa. M'chilimwe galimotoyo inayesedwa ndipo pa September 12, 1941 inatumizidwa ku Rechlin, kumene inayesedwa ndi fumbi la Delbag.
Lingaliro lopanga misa Ju 87 D-1 lidapangidwa mu 1940, pomwe adalamula kuti apangidwe makope 495 a ndegeyi. Iwo anayenera kuperekedwa pakati pa May 1941 ndi March 1942. Kumayambiriro kwa February 1942, Dipatimenti ya Zaumisiri ya Reich Air Ministry inawonjezera kuti 832 Ju 87 D-1s. Magalimoto onse amayenera kupangidwa pafakitale ya Weser. Mavuto ndi ma injini a Jumo 211 J adayambitsa kuchedwa kwa dongosolo. Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya ndege idayenera kumalizidwa mu June 1941, koma Karman sanathe kukonza zida zapamwamba za fuselage munthawi yake. Ndege yoyamba yopanga idasonkhanitsidwa pa June 30, 1941. Ngakhale kuchedwa, Reich Air Ministry idakhulupirira kuti 1941 Ju 48 D-87s idzachotsa mizere yopanga Weser mu Julayi 1. Panthaŵiyo, mu July 1941, kope loyamba lokha linapangidwa; linawonongedwa pafakitale. Oimira RLM ndi oyang'anira fakitale ya Junkers, yomwe idapereka chilolezo chomanga Ju 87 D-1 ku chomera cha Weser, akuyembekeza kuti kumapeto kwa Seputembala 1941 kuchedwa kwa serial kulipidwa. Komabe, mavuto enanso anathetsa ziyembekezo zimenezi. Komanso mu Ogasiti 1941, palibe ndi mmodzi yemwe Ju 87 D-1 amene adachoka pamalo ochitira misonkhano pafakitale ya Bremen. Munali mu Seputembala pomwe mafakitale a Weser adapereka kwa Luftwaffe ndege ziwiri zoyambirira zopanga zomwe zidalowa m'malo oyesera.
Mu October-November 1941, okwana 61 Ju 87 D-1s anasonkhana, amene, chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa pa nthawi Lemwerder, kuuluka mpaka December, kenako anasamutsidwa mayunitsi kutsogolo.
Kufotokozera zaukadaulo za Ju 87 D-1
The Junkers Ju 87 D-1 inali ndege yokhala ndi mipando iwiri, ya injini imodzi, yokhala ndi mapiko otsika azitsulo okhala ndi zida zokhazikika zokhazikika. Fuselage ya ndegeyo inali ndi gawo lozungulira lokhala ndi khungu lopangidwa ndi chitsulo chonse. Thupi linagawidwa m'mahalofu, ogwirizana kwamuyaya ndi ma rivets. Chivundikiro chogwira ntchito, chopangidwa ndi duralumin yosalala, chinali chomangika ndi ma riveti owoneka bwino okhala ndi mitu yozungulira m'malo onyamula katundu wambiri komanso ma rivets osalala m'malo otsika.
Mapangidwe a hull anali ndi mafelemu 16 olumikizidwa ndi zingwe za perpendicular, ndi zopingasa zinayi zomwe zili kutsogolo kwake, zofikira mafelemu 7 kuphatikiza. Choyimira # 1 chautali wonse chinawirikiza kawiri ngati chowotcha moto wa injini. Mafelemu owonjezera owonjezera anamangidwa kutsogolo kwa fuselage kuti alimbitse chombocho, ndipo ankagwiranso ntchito ngati zochiritsira kuphulika kwa bomba.
Cockpit, yomwe ili pakatikati pa fuselage pakati pa mafelemu a 2 ndi 6, inali yokutidwa ndi chivundikiro chokongola cha magawo anayi opangidwa ndi laminated kapena magalasi a organic, kupereka maonekedwe abwino kuchokera kumbali zonse. Magawo otsetsereka a kanyumba kanyumba amakhala ndi maloko kuti amasulidwe mwadzidzidzi. Chodutsa chotsutsana ndi nsonga chinayikidwa pakati pa kanyumbako, cholumikizidwa ndi gawo la zida zankhondo. Chophimba chakutsogolo chinali ndi magalasi okhala ndi zida za 25 mm. Zowonjezera pogona kwa woyendetsa ndegeyo anali mpando wachitsulo wokhala ndi zida zokhala ndi makulidwe a 4 mpaka 8 mm, komanso mbale ya zida za 10 mm kumbuyo kwa mutu wake ndi mbale za 5 mm wandiweyani zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa kanyumba.
Woyendetsa wailesiyo adatetezedwa ndi mbale ziwiri zankhondo, yoyamba, 5 mm wandiweyani, idamangidwa pansi, yachiwiri, yojambulidwa ngati chimango, idayikidwa pakati pa mafelemu 5 ndi 6. Chivundikiro chowonjezera chinali GSL yokhala ndi zida. -K 81 ndi mfuti yamakina ya MG 81 Z. Pansi pa woyendetsa ndegeyo panali kawindo kakang'ono kotchinga kansalu kachitsulo komwe kamapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuyang'ana pansi musanakwere ndege. Kumbuyo kwa chimango nambala 8 kunali chidebe chachitsulo, chofikirika kokha kuchokera kunja, chomwe chinali ndi zida zoyambira zothandizira.
Chitsulo chonse chazitsulo, chambali zitatu, chopangidwa ndi twin-spar chinali ndi mawonekedwe apadera a W omwe adapangidwa pomangirira zigawo zakunja zokwezera kumtunda kwa negative-lift center. Mawonekedwe a masambawo ndi trapezoidal okhala ndi malekezero ozungulira. Chigawo chapakati chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi fuselage. Ma cooler awiri amadzimadzi anamangidwa pansi pa gawo lapakati. Mbali zakunja za airfoil zidalumikizidwa ndi gawo lapakati ndi zida zinayi za mpira zopangidwa ndi Junkers. Chophimba chogwirira ntchito chimapangidwa ndi pepala losalala la duralumin. Pansi pa mzere wotsatira, kuwonjezera pa chithunzi chachikulu cha mapiko, pali zigawo ziwiri, zosiyana ndi gawo lapakati ndi nsonga. Ma flaps ndi ma ailerons amodzi, okhala ndi zowongolera, adayikidwa pa ndodo zapadera zovomerezeka ndi Junkers.
Ma ailerons anali oyendetsedwa ndi makina, ndipo zopindika zinali zoyendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulically. Malo onse osuntha a mapikowo anali ataphimbidwa ndi pepala losalala la duralumin. Dongosolo la ma flaps ndi ailerons malinga ndi patent ya Junkers amatchedwa Doppellflügel, kapena mapiko awiri. Mipata pakati pa mbiriyo ndi zigawo zake zosuntha zinatsimikizira kuti zikuyenda bwino, ndipo dongosolo lonse linkadziwika ndi kuphweka kwaukadaulo. Pansi pa mapiko, pafupi ndi spar yoyamba, panali mabuleki a mpweya omwe amawongoleredwa, omwe adathandizira kutulutsa galimotoyo paulendo wodumphira.
Gawo la mchira, lomwe lili ndi zitsulo zonse, linali lopangidwa ndi pepala losalala la duralumin. The vertical stabilizer inali ndi mawonekedwe a trapezoidal, chiwongolerocho chinayendetsedwa ndi zingwe zachitsulo. Chokhazikika chokhazikika chokhazikika, chopanda kukweza, chokhala ndi makongoletsedwe amakona anayi, chimathandizidwa ndi ma racks okhala ngati mphanda opangidwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi pepala la duralumin. Zowongolera zazitali zinkayendetsedwa ndi okankha. Ma elevator ndi chiwongolero zonse zinali zoyendera bwino komanso zoyendera bwino mumlengalenga, zinali ndi tinthu tating'ono komanso zowoneka bwino.
Magiya otsetsereka okhazikika okhazikika okhala ndi gudumu la mchira amapereka kukhazikika kwabwino pansi. Chida chachikulu choterako chinayikidwa m'mayunitsi pa spar No. 1 polumikizana ndi gawo lapakati ndi mbali zakunja za mapiko. Ma bullpen struts opangidwa ndi kampani ya Kronprinz, kutha ndi mphanda wozungulira gudumu, anali ndi mayamwidwe owopsa a masika ndikuchepetsa kwamafuta. Chida chachikulu choterako chinali ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi duralumin yosalala yokhala ndi mawonekedwe, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za ndege ya Stuka. Magudumuwo anali ndi matayala apakati apakati olemera 840 x 300 mm. Kuthamanga kwa tayala kovomerezeka kuyenera kukhala 0,25 MPa. Dongosolo la braking linali ndi ma hydraulic drum brakes. Madziwo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabuleki.
ananyema fl-Drukel. Mchira wokhazikika wa mchira, womwe umayikidwa pa foloko ya Kronprinz shin, unali ndi mayamwidwe a kasupe ndipo unamangirizidwa ku chimango chopingasa chomwe chili pakati pa nthiti zowongoka No. Tayala lolemera 15 x 16 mm ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka ya 360 mpaka 380 atm inayikidwa pamphepete. Pakunyamuka, kuuluka ndi kutera, gudumu la mchira likhoza kutsekedwa pamalo enaake pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe choyendetsedwa kuchokera m’chipinda cha okwera ndege. Pambuyo pa maulendo 150 aliwonse, kuwunika kwaukadaulo kwa zida zokwerera kunali kovomerezeka. Skid yadzidzidzi imaphatikizidwa kuti iteteze fuselage yakumbuyo ngati itera mokakamizidwa.
