Asitikali a RSI akumenya nkhondo pa Anzio Bridgehead

Thandizo la matope a Italy 81mm pamoto.

Pa Januware 22, 1944, ku Italy, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Anzio, kumbuyo kwa magulu aku Germany, gulu lankhondo la XNUMXth American Corps (lomwe linathandizidwanso ndi asitikali aku Britain) lidafika motsogozedwa ndi General John Lucas. Cholinga chawo chinali kulambalala mipanda ya Gustav Line, kudula oteteza ake ku gulu lonse lankhondo la Germany ku Italy, ndi kutsegula njira yopita ku Roma mwamsanga. Pamaso pawo panali zigawo za XNUMXth Parachute Corps yaku Germany ya General Alfred Schlermm ndi LXXVI Panzer Corps ya General Trugott Erra. Ajeremani polimbana ndi ogwirizanawo adathandizidwa ndi ogwirizana nawo a ku Italy ochokera ku Gulu Lankhondo la Italy Social Republic.

Kugonjera kwa Italy kwa asilikali a Anglo-America pa September 8, 1943 kunachititsa kuti Germany iwonongeke mwamsanga, yomwe inaphwanya Pangano la Steel lowagwirizanitsa ndi Italy ndikuukira asilikali a Italy omwe ali kumwera kwa France, Balkan, Greece ndi Italy komweko. Asilikali ankhondo aku Italiya adalemedwa mwachangu ndipo maiko ambiri adagwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa Germany. Mfumu, boma ndi ambiri a zombo zachifumu anathawira m'madera ogwidwa ndi ogwirizana. Pa September 23, 1943, m'madera olamulidwa ndi Germany, Benito Mussolini, anamasulidwa chifukwa cha zochita molimba mtima ndi paratroopers German, analengeza dziko latsopano - Italy Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, RSI).

Kuwonjezera pa asilikali apansi - Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano (ENR) - boma la Mussolini, kudalira ogwirizana ndi Germany, linatumiza gulu la Waffen-SS kuti limenyane ndi mbali ya Third Reich, yomwe anthu pafupifupi 20 1944 adadutsa. maofesala, osakhala anatumidwa ndi asilikali (mu "mawonekedwe pachimake" mu December 15, anakwana 1944 1 anthu). Pa nthawi ya chilengedwe chake, gululi linkatchedwa Italienische Freiwilligen Verland (SS Legion Italiana), mu March 1 linakonzedwanso kukhala 1. Italienische Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade (9a Brigata d'Assalto), mu June ku 1st Sturmbrigade Italienische Freiwilligen Legion, mu September anali kale 1945 SS Grenadier Brigade (Italian No. 29), ndipo mu March 1 kugawanika analengedwa pansi pa dzina 28 SS Grenadier Division (Italian No. 1943). Atsogoleri ake anali: kuchokera ku 28 October 6 SS-Brigadeführer Peter Hansen (pakati pa 1943 October ndi 10 December 1944 molamulidwa ndi SS-Standartenführer Gustav Lombard), kuyambira 20 May 1944 SS-Oberführer Otto Jungkuntz ndi 10 Standarten Güstern XNUMX August - SSXNUMX Heldmann. Waffen Brigadeführer Pietro Manelli anali woyang'anira magawo aku Italy a Waffen-SS. Chigawochi sichinagwirepo ntchito ngati compact mapangidwe. Gulu Lankhondo la ku Italy la SS, lopangidwa kuchokera ku Volunteer Legion of the Armed Militia (Milizia Armata), linali ndi magulu atatu ankhondo oyenda makanda ndi magulu XNUMX odziyimira pawokha ankhondo oyenda m'malo osiyanasiyana kumpoto kwa Italy.

Pa Okutobala 10, 1943, RSI (Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana, ANR) idapangidwa. Gulu la Folgore Parachute (Reggimento Paracadutisti "Folgore") linalinso pansi pa lamulo la Agricultural Property Agency. Patapita masiku awiri, poyankha kuitana kwa msilikali wodziwika bwino Ernesto Botto, anayamba kupanga mayunitsi oyendetsa ndege. Botto anali woyendetsa ndege mpaka pachimake, sanasiye kuwuluka ngakhale atadulidwa mwendo. Ndicho chifukwa chake adatchedwa "Iron Leg". Komanso, ankadziwa bwino Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen (mkulu wa German Air Fleet 2), amene anachita chidwi ndi ntchito yake ndi kulimba mtima. Posakhalitsa, anthu 7 anasonkhana kuti apemphe msilikaliyo m'mabwalo a ndege osiyanasiyana. oyendetsa ndege ndi akatswiri oyendetsa ndege. Kuwonjezera pa Adriano Visconti, oyendetsa ndege monga Hugo Drago, Mario Bellagambi ndi Tito Falconi, komanso mabomba otchuka a torpedo monga Marino Marini (opulumutsidwa atawomberedwa ku Mediterranean ndi ogwira ntchito ku Germany U-boat U- 331). mu February 1942), Carlo Fagioni, Irnerio Bertuzzi ndi Ottone Sponza.

Pachiyambi cha Capt. Carlo Fagioni, gulu la mabomba a torpedo amapangidwa ku Florence Airport, poyamba anali ndi ndege za 3 Savoia-Marchetti SM.79. Posakhalitsa anamutengera ku Venice ndipo anali ndi makina 12 amtundu womwewo. Pa 1 Januware 1944, magulu atatu a Gruppo Autonomo Aeroiluranti "Buscaglia" adafika pokonzekera nkhondo. Chigawocho chinatchedwa mtsogoleri wa 281st Squadron ndipo kenako 132nd Bombardment Squadron, Major V. Carlo Emanuel Buscaglia. Pa Novembara 12, 1942, adawomberedwa ndi msilikali wa Spitfire pomenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi zombo za Allied padoko la Bougi ku Algeria, adalengeza kuti wamwalira ndipo atamwalira adalandira Mendulo ya Golide "For Valor". Pokumbukira iye, anzakewo adatcha gawo latsopanolo pambuyo pake1.

The RSI Navy (Marina Nazionale Repubblicana, MNR) idakhazikitsidwa pa Seputembara 30, 1943. Ajeremani sanadalire ogwirizana nawo, choncho zombo zambiri za ku Italy zomwe adazigwira (kapena kuzimitsa, kenako ndikuzimanganso) zinalowa ntchito ndi Kriegsmarine. mbendera, ndi akazembe German - ngakhale m'madera ena panali oyendetsa sitima Italy (ogwira ntchito). Pachifukwa ichi, mayunitsi ochepa adaphatikizidwa mu MNR. Zombo zambiri za RSI Navy zinali mabwato a torpedo (6 yayikulu ndi 18 sing'anga), kuphatikiza, anali ndi sitima zapamadzi (3 sing'anga, 1 yaying'ono ndi 14 yaying'ono; mwa 5 omaliza omwe adagwira ntchito ku Black Sea), osaka sitima zapamadzi (6) -7 ), osachepera 1 wopala migodi ndi dazeni zingapo (dazeni?) Mabwato othandizira oyang'anira. Otsatirawa anali pansi pa German Port Guard Flotillas (Hafenschutzflottille) ku Venice, Genoa ndi La Spezia. Mwina kwa nthawi yochepa, MPR inalinso ndi corvette. Kuphatikiza apo, "zombo zakuda" (zotchedwa RSI zombo) zidakhala ndi malo odana ndi ndege pamaulendo oyenda: Caio Mario ku Genoa, Vesuvio ndi Etna ku Trieste.