Magalimoto a haidrojeni ndiye tsogolo lamakampani opanga magalimoto. Kodi magalimoto a haidrojeni monga Toyota Mirai ndi BMW X5 amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Magalimoto a haidrojeni sakhala ndi malo amphamvu pamsika. Opanga ochepa amasankha kuganizira kwambiri za chitukuko cha teknolojiyi. Ntchito ikadali pamagetsi amagetsi komanso ma injini osakanizidwa osaipitsa kwambiri. Ngakhale pali mpikisano wambiri, magalimoto a haidrojeni ndi chidwi. Ndi chiyani chomwe chili choyenera kudziwa za iwo?

Kodi mphamvu ya haidrojeni imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ubwino waukulu wamagalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni ndi kuyanjana kwawo ndi chilengedwe. Ndikoyenera kuzindikira apa kuti kuti athe kufotokozera motere, m'pofunika kulemekeza mfundo za chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso pakupanga. 

Magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni amagwira ntchito m'njira yoti apange magetsi ofunikira kuti ayendetse galimotoyo. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha ma cell amafuta omwe adayikidwa okhala ndi thanki ya haidrojeni yomwe imapanga magetsi. Batire yamagetsi imagwira ntchito ngati buffer. Kukhalapo kwake mu dongosolo lonse la injini ya galimoto ndikofunikira, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yothamanga. Imathanso kuyamwa ndikusunga mphamvu ya kinetic panthawi ya braking. 

Njira yomwe imachitika mu injini ya haidrojeni 

Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa zomwe zimachitika mu injini ya hydrogen yagalimoto yokha. Selo lamafuta limatulutsa magetsi kuchokera ku haidrojeni. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha reverse electrolysis. Zomwe zimachitikanso ndikuti mpweya wa haidrojeni ndi okosijeni mumlengalenga zimalumikizana ndikupanga madzi. Izi zimapanga kutentha ndi magetsi kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi.

Ma cell amafuta m'magalimoto a haidrojeni

Ma cell amafuta a PEM amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni. Ndi polymer electrolytic nembanemba yomwe imalekanitsa haidrojeni ndi mpweya wozungulira anode ndi cathode. Nembanembayo imatha kulowa mu ayoni wa haidrojeni. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pa anode, mamolekyu a haidrojeni amagawanika kukhala ma ion ndi ma electron. Ma ion a haidrojeni amadutsa mu EMF kupita ku cathode, komwe amalumikizana ndi mpweya wa mumlengalenga. Choncho, amalenga madzi.

Kumbali inayi, ma elekitironi a haidrojeni sangathe kudutsa mu EMF. Chifukwa chake, amadutsa waya wolumikiza anode ndi cathode. Mwanjira imeneyi, magetsi amapangidwa, omwe amalipira batire yoyendetsa ndikuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi yagalimoto.

Kodi hydrogen ndi chiyani?

Imatengedwa kuti ndi yosavuta, yakale kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo chinthu chodziwika bwino m'chilengedwe chonse. Hydrogen ilibe mtundu kapena fungo lapadera. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yamagetsi komanso yopepuka kuposa mpweya. M'chilengedwe, zimachitika mwa mawonekedwe omangidwa, mwachitsanzo, m'madzi.

Hydrogen ngati mafuta - imachokera kuti?

The H2 element imapezeka mu njira ya electrolysis. Izi zimafuna mwachindunji panopa ndi electrolyte. Chifukwa cha iwo, madzi amagawanika kukhala zigawo zosiyana - haidrojeni ndi mpweya. Oxygen yokha imapangidwa pa anode, ndi haidrojeni pa cathode. H2 nthawi zambiri imakhala yopangidwa ndi mankhwala, kaphatikizidwe ka gasi wachilengedwe kapena kuyenga mafuta osakanizika. Gawo lalikulu la kufunikira kwa haidrojeni limakwaniritsidwa ndi magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.

Hydrogen yochokera ku zongowonjezwdwa - ndi zida ziti zomwe zimagwera mgululi?

Ndikoyenera kufotokozera kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zitha kutchedwa zongowonjezwdwa. Kuti magalimoto a haidrojeni ndi mafuta azikhala okhazikika, mafuta ayenera kuchokera kuzinthu monga:

• photovoltais;
• mphamvu ya mphepo;
• mphamvu yamadzi;
• mphamvu ya dzuwa;
• mphamvu ya kutentha;
• biomass.

Magalimoto a haidrojeni - Toyota Mirai

Toyota Mirai ya 2022, komanso 2021, ndi imodzi mwazosankha zomwe makasitomala amakonda. Mirai ili ndi kutalika kwa 555 km ndi mota yamagetsi ya 134 kW yomwe ili kumbuyo kwagalimoto. Mphamvu zimapangidwa ndi ma cell amafuta omwe ali pansi pa hood yakutsogolo kwagalimoto. Hydrogen imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yayikulu ndikusungidwa m'matangi omwe amatchedwa ngalande ya cardan pansi pa mipando yakumbuyo. Matanki amanyamula 5,6 kg ya haidrojeni pa bar 700. Kapangidwe ka Toyota Mirai ndi mwayi - kapangidwe ka galimoto si futuristic, koma tingachipeze powerenga.

Mirai imathamanga mpaka 100 km/h mu masekondi 9,2 ndipo ili ndi liwiro lalikulu la 175 km/h.. Toyota Mirai imapereka mphamvu zokhazikika ndipo imayankha bwino kwambiri pamayendedwe a dalaivala - pothamanga komanso kuthamanga.

Hydrogen BMW X5 - galimoto yoyenera kumvetsera

Magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen amaphatikizanso ma SUV. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi BMW X5 Hydrogen. Chitsanzo mu kapangidwe kake sichimasiyana ndi ng'anjo yamoto kuchokera mndandanda womwewo. Mapanelo opepuka okha kapena kapangidwe ka mipiringidzo angasiyane, koma izi sizowoneka zosagwirizana. Mankhwala a mtundu wa Bavaria ali ndi akasinja awiri omwe amatha kusunga mpaka 6 kg ya gasi, komanso ma cell amafuta omwe amatha mpaka 170 hp. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti BMW idalumikizana ndi Toyota. Mtundu wa X5 wopangidwa ndi haidrojeni umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo monga magalimoto opangidwa ndi opanga ku Asia Hydrogen NEXT. 

Kodi magalimoto a haidrojeni ndi obiriwira?

Ubwino waukulu wa magalimoto a haidrojeni ndikuti ndi okonda zachilengedwe. Komabe, ngati zili choncho zimadalira kwambiri momwe haidrojeni imapangidwira. Panthawi yomwe njira yaikulu yopezera mafuta ndi kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito gasi, magetsi, omwe pawokha ndi chilengedwe komanso opanda mpweya, samachepetsa kuipitsidwa konse komwe kumachitika panthawi yopanga hydrogen. Ngakhale pambuyo ntchito yaitali galimoto. Galimoto ya haidrojeni imatha kutchedwa yobiriwira kwathunthu ngati mphamvu yofunikira kuyendetsa imachokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, galimotoyo imakhala yotetezeka kwathunthu kwa chilengedwe. 

Magalimoto a haidrojeni - mwachidule

Magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi maulendo ochulukirachulukira komanso amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri kuyendetsa. Komabe, kuwonjezera mafuta pamagalimoto amagetsi kungakhale kovuta. Magalimoto okhala ndi magalimoto otere adzadziwonetsa bwino kwambiri pafupi ndi mizinda yayikulu, monga Warsaw.Pali malo ochepa odzaza ma hydrogen m'dziko lathu, koma izi ziyenera kusintha pofika chaka cha 2030, pomwe masiteshoni adzakwera mpaka 100, malinga ndi Orlen.