Galimoto ya Hybrid - tsogolo lamakampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi? Kodi ndisankhe wosakanizidwa?

Zaka khumi zapitazo, anthu ochepa amatha kugula magalimoto osakanizidwa. Zoperekazo zidaperekedwa kwa madalaivala olemera kwambiri. Masiku ano, kutsika kwamitengo yamagalimoto osakanizidwa kumatanthauza kuti akukhala otchuka komanso ogulidwa nthawi zambiri. Komabe, padzakhala zaka zambiri chiwerengero cha magalimoto oyaka mkati ndi osakanizidwa, mwachitsanzo, chikhale chofanana. Kodi hybrid ndi chiyani ndipo zimatheka bwanji kuti galimoto yosakanizidwa imayendetsa koma osaipitsa chilengedwe monga momwe magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'misewu ya ku Poland? Onani!

Kodi wosakanizidwa ndi chiyani?

Chofunikira chachikulu cha magalimoto osakanizidwa ndikuti ali ndi ma hybrid drive. Uku ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu monga injini yoyaka mkati ndi mota yamagetsi kapena ma mota angapo amagetsi pagalimoto imodzi. Chifukwa chake tikulankhula za hybrid drive, yomwe imatha kumveka ngati injini yophatikizika yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zingapo kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Chifukwa cha mayankho otere komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa magetsi mu hybrid, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri kapena, komano, mphamvu yagalimoto imatha kukulitsidwa.

Magalimoto Ophatikiza - Mitundu Yopezeka

Opanga amapereka msika ndi mitundu iyi ya ma hybrids:

• mndandanda;
• mogwirizana;
• mndandanda-kufanana. 

Kupanga magalimoto osakanizidwa

Zosakaniza za mndandanda zimakhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati ndi galimoto yamagetsi, ndipo kufalitsa kumalimbikitsidwa ndi batri. Apa ndi pamene mphamvu yowonjezereka yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yosuntha imasonkhanitsidwa, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito jenereta ya galimoto pa katundu wochuluka, i.e. makamaka poyambira, kuyendetsa kukwera ndi kuthamanga mwachangu. Kwa magalimoto osakanizidwa opangidwa ndi misa, ndizofanana kuti injini yoyaka mkati siyimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mawilo agalimoto. Izo sizimawapangitsa iwo kupota. Zimangogwira ntchito ngati jenereta yomwe imapanga magetsi. Ndi iye amene amayendetsa galimoto yamagetsi, yomwe imakhalanso ndi udindo woyendetsa magudumu a galimotoyo. 

Magalimoto osakanizidwa ofanana

Mtundu wina wa haibridi ndi wosakanizidwa wofanana, womwe umatchedwanso wosakanizidwa wofatsa. Mosiyana ndi hybrid serial, injini yake yoyaka mkati imalumikizidwa ndi mawilo ndipo imayang'anira kayendedwe kawo. Komanso, galimoto yamagetsi mu hybrid yotereyi imakhala, mwachitsanzo, pa shaft yolumikiza injini yoyaka mkati ndi kufalitsa. Imakhala ndi ntchito yosunga injini yoyaka mkati ikamayenda pakafunika torque yambiri. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, mukamathamanga ndikuyendetsa kukwera.

Series-parallel hybrid magalimoto

Ngati tiphatikiza ma hybrids angapo ndi ofanana, ndiye kuti mtundu wina wamtundu uwu wagalimoto udzapangidwa - wosakanizidwa wofananira wotchedwa "full hybrid". Zimaphatikiza mbali za njira ziwiri zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. M'magalimoto oterowo, injini yoyaka mkati imalumikizidwa ndi mawilo ndipo mwina, koma osafunikira, kukhala gwero la kuthamanga kwawo. "Ma hybrids athunthu" amagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi kuyendetsa, ndipo mphamvu imasamutsidwa ndi jenereta kapena batire yolumikizidwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Yotsirizirayi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kusonkhanitsa mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi ya braking. galimotoyo Mtundu uwu wa haibridi umapereka makina oyendetsa bwino kwambiri onse, ngakhale ndi mapangidwe osavuta. The Series-parallel motor ndi yodalirika. Mpainiya mu chitukuko chake anali nkhawa Toyota, ndipo woyamba "full hybrid" anali Toyota Prius.

Galimoto ya Hybrid - yomanga

Mu zida zofunika, galimoto wosakanizidwa ali mkati kuyaka injini ndi zamagetsi, komanso zida zofunika kwambiri za mapulaneti. ndi ndani? Ichi ndi gawo lomwe limalumikizana pakati pa injini yoyaka mkati, jenereta ndi mota yamagetsi yomwe imayendetsa mawilo agalimoto. Iye ali ndi udindo wogawanitsa liwiro la shaft ya injini yoyaka mkati kuti mawilo ndi jenereta azilandira mofanana. Ntchito yake ingayerekezedwe ndi njira yosinthira mosalekeza yomwe imawerengera torque yomwe imapangidwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati ndi mota yamagetsi. Kuwongolera kwamagetsi kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza chitonthozo cha kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuyendetsa. Dalaivala sachita chilichonse kuti agawire torque molingana.

magetsi amphamvu

Galimoto yamagetsi mu galimoto yosakanizidwa si injini yaikulu, ndipo si injini yomwe imalola galimoto kuyenda-kuyamba ndi kuthamanga. Zimagwira ntchito yothandizira injini yoyaka mkati pamene pali kufunikira koonekeratu pamene mphamvu yowonjezera ikufunika pa galimoto, mwachitsanzo, pothamanga, kuyamba kukwera, etc. Ngati mukuchita ndi wosakanizidwa wathunthu, monga galimoto imakulolani kuti muyambe pagalimoto yamagetsi komanso ngakhale pa liwiro lotsika osayambitsa injini yamafuta. Ndiye simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, zomwe ndi ndalama zodziwikiratu kwa dalaivala.

Tikufika

Mosiyana ndi magalimoto amagetsi, magalimoto osakanizidwa safunikira kuti azilipiridwa ndi mphamvu zochokera kunja. Zotsatira zake, dalaivala safunikira kuwalipiritsa kuchokera pakhoma kapena potengera magetsi. Iwo ali ndi dongosolo udindo kuchira mphamvu kwaiye pa braking. Ngati sikunali kwa iye, mphamvu imeneyi ikanangotayika kotheratu. Galimoto yosakanizidwa sifunikira choyambira. njira, clutch ndi V-belt - ingogwiritsani ntchito zida za mapulaneti momwemo. Ndilosavuta pamapangidwe, makamaka poyerekeza ndi kufala kwapawiri-clutch automatic. Zimakhala zosafunika kuphatikizira turbine mu gawo loyendetsa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chopangira chosefera kapena flywheel yawiri-misa.

Kodi hybrid imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Galimoto yofanana-yofanana (yophatikizana ndi haibridi) ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, galimoto yamagetsi imayatsidwa kuti ithandizire galimotoyo kupita patsogolo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kabwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinobwinokekekekekekekekekeake amawubwino kwambiri. Injini yoyatsira mkati siyenera kukhala ikuyenda poyambira. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa zero emission mode, momwe mafuta samawotchedwa konse. Galimoto yosakanizidwa imatha kuyendetsa motere mumzinda ngati ili ndi batire yoyenera. Ngati batire yatulutsidwa - "yopanda", galimoto ilibe paliponse kuti itenge mphamvu yofunikira, kotero injini yoyaka mkati imatsegulidwa. Batire idzachajitsidwanso nthawi iliyonse mukakanikiza chopondapo cha brake.

Pankhani ya "hybrids wofatsa", gawo lofunika kwambiri limaseweredwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi makina (pamanja) kapena kufalitsa. Pakati pa injini yoyaka mkati ndi bokosi la gear kapena pakati pa magawo ena omwe ali mu chipinda cha injini, gawo lamagetsi limayikidwa. Pankhaniyi, galimoto yamagetsi imagwira ntchito ngati alternator kapena starter. Mu "ma hybrids ofatsa" batire yachiwiri imayikidwanso, yomwe imayang'anira kudzikundikira mphamvu kuti ipangitse mphamvu yamagetsi.  

Poyendetsa galimoto, galimoto yosakanizidwa yotereyi, pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ake, imapanga mphamvu zofunikira kuti zigwiritse ntchito zipangizo zapamtunda, monga wailesi, komanso mabatire awiri pansi pa hood. Galimoto yamagetsi iyenera kuthandizira injini yoyaka mkati, ndipo kuyanjana kumeneku kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mpaka 10 peresenti. 

Chifukwa chiyani kusankha galimoto yosakanizidwa?

Kodi mukuganiza ngati haibridi ndi chisankho chabwino? Galimoto yosakanizidwa ili ndi maubwino ambiri, chuma chamafuta ndichofunika kwambiri. Mafuta amafuta amagalimoto osakanizidwa mumzinda akuyembekezeka kukhala malita 2 okha pa 100 km. Uwunso ndi mwayi waukulu. palibe chifukwa cholipiritsa batire mosiyana ndi potuluka. Izi nazonso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chilengedwe. Ndi galimoto yosakanizidwa, zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikudzaza gasi nthawi ndi nthawi. Mukathyoka, mphamvu yomwe nthawi zambiri imatayika panthawiyi imatengedwa ndi alternator ndikusungidwa mu batri.

Volvo ili ndi chopereka chosakanizidwa chodziwika bwino ndi XC60, XC40 kapena XC90.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani kuti galimoto ndi haibridi?

Magalimoto a Hybrid amaphatikiza machitidwe oyaka mkati ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi injini yoyaka mkati ndi mota yamagetsi kapena ma mota angapo amagetsi.

Kodi muyenera kugula galimoto yosakanizidwa?

Ubwino wa magalimoto osakanizidwa ndi, koposa zonse, kuchepa kwakukulu kwamafuta (kusunga malo opangira mafuta) ndipo palibe chifukwa cholipiritsa batire mosiyana ndi socket (zopindulitsa zachilengedwe). Ma Hybrid ndi abwino pakuyendetsa mzinda: amakhala chete, amatsitsimutsanso mphamvu pansi pa braking (kuphatikiza ndi injini) ndikupangitsa kuti makina aziyenda bwino.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa hybrid ndi petrol?

Kuphatikiza kwa injini yamafuta ndi mota yamagetsi kumatanthauza kuti magalimoto osakanizidwa amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa kwambiri kuposa injini zoyatsira mkati. Poyendetsa mumzinda, mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito ndi 2 malita okha pa 100 km. Magalimoto a Hybrid amakhalanso opanda phokoso komanso okonda zachilengedwe.