Kuyimitsa chithandizo. Chipangizo ndi zowonongeka
Maloto oyipa kwambiri kwa dalaivala aliyense ndi galimoto yolephera mabuleki. Ndipo ngakhale talemba kale kangapo za zambiri komanso zokhudzana ndi magwiridwe ake, sizingakhale zolakwika kutembenukiranso kumutuwu. Ndipotu, mabuleki ndi chinthu chachikulu cha chitetezo kwa galimoto ndi amene ali mmenemo. Nthawi ino tidzayang'anitsitsa kapangidwe kake ndi kachitidwe ka brake caliper, cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapadi amakanizidwa motsutsana ndi diski panthawi ya braking.
Caliper ndiye maziko a makina a brake disc. Mabuleki amtunduwu amayikidwa pamawilo akutsogolo pafupifupi magalimoto onse okwera omwe amapangidwa m'zaka zapitazi za theka. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mabuleki a chimbale pa mawilo akumbuyo kwa nthawi yayitali kwakhala kubwezeretsedwa pazifukwa zingapo, zomwe zinali zovuta ndi bungwe la galimoto yoyimitsa magalimoto. Koma mavutowa akuwoneka ngati akale, ndipo kwa zaka makumi awiri tsopano, magalimoto ambiri ochokera kwa opanga magalimoto otsogola achoka pamzere wa msonkhano ndi mabuleki amtundu wa disc.
Zocheperako, koma zotsika mtengo, mabuleki a ng'oma amagwiritsidwabe ntchito mumitundu ya bajeti, komanso ma SUV ena, omwe amafunikira kukana matope. Ndipo, mwachiwonekere, njira zogwirira ntchito zamtundu wa ng'oma zidzakhala zofunikira kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma tsopano si za iwo.
M'malo mwake, caliper ndi thupi, lopangidwa ngati bulaketi, momwe imodzi kapena seti ya ma silinda a brake. Panthawi ya braking, ma hydraulics amagwira ntchito pa pistoni m'masilinda, ndipo amaika mphamvu pamapadi, kuwakankhira pa brake disc ndipo motero amachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa gudumu.
Ngakhale okonzawo sakhala pansi, mfundo yaikulu ya brake caliper yakhala yosasinthika kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, ndizotheka kusiyanitsa mitundu yamitundu ya chipangizochi ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Caliper nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula, nthawi zambiri - ya alloy yochokera ku aluminiyamu. Mapangidwe ake amatha kukhala ndi bulaketi yokhazikika kapena yoyandama.
Chovala chosunthika chimatha kuyenda motsatira malangizowo, ndipo silinda ili mkati mwa diski. Kupondereza ma brake pedal kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu ya hydraulic system, yomwe imakankhira pisitoni kunja kwa silinda, ndikukankha nsapato. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, caliper imayenda motsatira malangizowo, kukanikiza padi kumbali ina ya disc.
Mu chipangizo chokhala ndi bulaketi yokhazikika, ma silinda amakhala ofananira molingana ndi brake disc ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi chubu. Brake fluid imagwira ma pistoni onse nthawi imodzi.
A static caliper imapereka mphamvu yoboola kwambiri motero mabuleki ogwira mtima kwambiri poyerekeza ndi caliper yoyandama. Koma kusiyana pakati pa diski ndi pad kungasinthe, zomwe zimabweretsa kuvala kosagwirizana kwa mapepala. Njira ya bulaketi yosunthika ndiyosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kupanga, chifukwa chake imatha kupezeka pamitundu yotsika mtengo.
Piston pusher, monga lamulo, imakankhira mwachindunji pa chipikacho, ngakhale pali mapangidwe omwe ali ndi makina opatsirana apakatikati.
Caliper iliyonse imatha kukhala ndi silinda imodzi mpaka eyiti. Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi pistoni zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi zitatu zimapezeka makamaka pamagalimoto amasewera.
Pistoni iliyonse imatetezedwa ndi nsapato ya mphira, momwe mabuleki amayendera bwino kwambiri. Ndilo kulowa kwa chinyezi ndi dothi kudzera mu anther ong'ambika ndizomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri ndi pisitoni. Kutuluka kwamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito kuchokera mu silinda kumatetezedwa ndi khafu yomwe imayikidwa mkati.
Caliper yomwe imayikidwa pa axle yakumbuyo nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi makina oyendetsa magalimoto. Itha kukhala ndi screw, cam kapena ng'oma.
Mtundu wa screw umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma calipers okhala ndi pistoni imodzi, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi mabuleki oyimitsa magalimoto kapena ma hydraulically panthawi ya braking wamba.
Mkati mwa silinda (2) muli ndodo (1) yomwe pisitoni (4) imamangidwira, ndi kasupe wobwerera. Ndodoyo imalumikizidwa ndi makina a handbrake drive. Pamene galimoto yoyimitsa galimoto ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndodo ya pistoni imatalika mamilimita angapo, mapepala amakanizidwa ndi brake disc ndikutseka gudumu. Handbrake ikatulutsidwa, pisitoni imasunthidwa kuti ibwerere pomwe idayambira kale pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe wobwerera, kutulutsa mapadi ndikutsegula gudumu.
Makina a cam amagwiranso ntchito mofananamo, kokha apa cam imakanikiza pisitoni mothandizidwa ndi pusher. Kuzungulira kwa kamera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa dzanja.
Mu caliper yamitundu yambiri, chowongolera chamanja nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ngati msonkhano wapadera. Kwenikweni ndi ng'oma brake yokhala ndi mapepala ake.
M'matembenuzidwe apamwamba kwambiri, galimoto ya electromechanical imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mabuleki oimika magalimoto.
Mfundo yakuti si zonse zomwe zili mu dongosolo ndi caliper zikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosalunjika - kutayikira kwamadzimadzi a brake, kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera pamene mukukakamiza brake, kapena kuwonjezeka kwa pedal free play. Chifukwa cha mabowo osweka, kusewera kwa caliper kumatha kuwoneka, komwe kumatsagana ndi kugogoda kwachikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha kugwidwa kwa pistoni imodzi kapena zingapo, mawilo amathyoka mosagwirizana, zomwe zingayambitse skid panthawi ya braking. Kuvala pad zosinthika kudzawonetsanso zovuta ndi caliper.
Kuti mugwire ntchito yokonzanso caliper, mutha kugula zida zoyenera zokonzera. Pogulitsa mungapeze zida zokonzetsera kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana komanso amtundu wosiyana. Pogula, tcherani khutu zomwe zili m'kati mwake, zikhoza kusiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugula magawo amtundu uliwonse kapena ngati msonkhano ngati momwe zilili kuti sizikupanga nzeru kukonza. Pobwezeretsa caliper, zinthu zonse za rabara ziyenera kusinthidwa - nsapato, ma cuffs, zisindikizo, zisindikizo zamafuta.
Ngati muli ndi luso linalake, mukhoza kudzikonza nokha. Kuchotsa ndi kusonkhanitsa caliper yakumbuyo ndi makina ophatikizika a handbrake kungakhale kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafunikira zida ndi luso lapadera.
Mutapereka payipi ya brake musanachotse caliper, samalani kuti madzi asatulukemo. Mutha kuyikapo chipewa kapena kumangiriza ndi chitsekerero.
Ngati pisitoni silingachotsedwe mu silinda mwachizolowezi, gwiritsani ntchito kompresa ndi mfuti yowombera poyiyika mu dzenje la payipi ya brake. Samalani - pisitoni imatha kuwombera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo madzi omwe atsala mu silinda amatha kuwomba. Ngati kompresa ikusowa, mutha kuyesa kufinya pisitoni mwa kugwetsa chopondapo chopondapo (paipi ya brake iyenera kulumikizidwa).
Mu caliper yokhala ndi screw handbrake mechanism, pisitoni simafinyidwa, koma imatulutsidwa ndi kiyi yapadera.
Pistoni iyenera kutsukidwa ndi dzimbiri, dothi ndi mafuta ophikira ndikutsuka ndi sandpaper kapena fayilo yabwino. Nthawi zina sandblasting ingafunike. Pamalo ogwirira ntchito a pistoni amayenera kukhala opanda ma burrs, zokopa ndi crater chifukwa cha dzimbiri. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kumtunda wamkati wa silinda. Ngati pali zolakwika zazikulu, ndi bwino kusintha pistoni. Ngati pisitoni yachitsulo yopangidwa kunyumba yapangidwa ndi makina, iyenera kukhala ndi chrome.
Ngati caliper ndi caliper yoyandama, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa owongolera. Nthawi zambiri amawawasa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa jombo, mafuta osakhazikika, kapena mafuta akagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi mchenga, komanso onetsetsani kuti palibe deformation kuti palibe chomwe chingalepheretse bracket kuyenda momasuka. Ndipo musaiwale kuyeretsa mabowo a otsogolera.
Malingana ndi momwe zilili, zingakhale zofunikira kusintha ma valve otseka ma hydraulic, valavu ya magazi, machubu olumikiza (mu mayunitsi okhala ndi ma pistoni angapo), ngakhale zomangira.
Mukasonkhanitsa makina obwezeretsedwa, onetsetsani kuti mumapaka pistoni ndi maupangiri, komanso malo amkati a anther. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apadera okha a calipers, omwe amasunga magawo ake ogwiritsira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Mukatha kusonkhana, musaiwale kukhetsa ma hydraulic pochotsa mpweya pamakina. Dziwani kuti palibe kutayikira komanso kuchuluka kwa brake fluid.
Ngati pali vuto ndi ma brake system, musachedwe kukonza. Ndipo sikuti ndi chitetezo chokha komanso chiopsezo cholowa ngozi, komanso kuti vuto limodzi likhoza kukoka ena pamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, kupanikizana caliper kungayambitse kutenthedwa ndi kulephera kwa gudumu kunyamula. Mabuleki osagwirizana apangitsa kuti matayala asamayende bwino. Pistoni yowawa imatha kukanikiza nthawi zonse padisiki pa brake disc, kupangitsa kuti itenthe kwambiri ndikutha msanga. Palinso mavuto ena omwe angathe kupewedwa ngati muyang'anira momwe ma brake alili, ndipo musaiwale kusintha nthawi zonse madzimadzi ogwira ntchito.
