Mutu wa silinda. Cholinga ndi chipangizo

Injini yamakono yoyaka mkati ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo zigawo zambiri ndi zigawo. Chigawo chachikulu cha injini yoyaka mkati ndi mutu wa silinda (mutu wa silinda). Mutu wa silinda, kapena kungoti mutu, umakhala ngati chivundikiro chomwe chimatseka pamwamba pa masilindala a injini zoyaka moto. Komabe, izi siziri kutali ndi cholinga chokhacho chogwira ntchito cha mutu. Mutu wa silinda uli ndi mapangidwe ovuta, ndipo mkhalidwe wake ndi wofunikira kuti injini yoyaka moto igwire ntchito.

Woyendetsa galimoto aliyense ayenera kumvetsetsa chipangizo cha mutu ndikumvetsetsa momwe chinthuchi chimagwirira ntchito.

Mitu ya cylinder imapangidwa ndi kuponyera kuchokera ku chitsulo chopangidwa ndi alloyed kapena ma aluminiyamu-based alloys. Aluminiyamu aloyi sali amphamvu ngati chitsulo chotayira, koma ndi opepuka komanso sakonda dzimbiri, ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoyatsira mkati zamagalimoto ambiri onyamula anthu.

Kuti athetse kupsinjika kotsalira kwachitsulo, gawolo limakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera. kenako mphero ndi kubowola.

Kutengera kasinthidwe ka injini kuyaka mkati (makonzedwe a masilindala, crankshaft ndi camshafts), akhoza kukhala ndi nambala yosiyana ya mitu yamphamvu. Mu mzere umodzi wa mzere, pali mutu umodzi, mu injini zoyaka zamkati zamtundu wina, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a V kapena W, pakhoza kukhala awiri. Mainjini akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitu yosiyana pa silinda iliyonse.

Mapangidwe a mutu wa silinda amasiyananso malinga ndi chiwerengero ndi malo a camshafts. Ma Camshafts amatha kukhazikitsidwa m'chipinda china chamutu, ndipo akhoza kuikidwa mu cylinder block.

Zina zomwe zimapangidwira zimatheka, zomwe zimadalira chiwerengero ndi makonzedwe a masilindala ndi ma valve, mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zipinda zoyaka moto, malo a makandulo kapena nozzles.

Mu ICE yokhala ndi ma valve otsika, mutu uli ndi chipangizo chosavuta kwambiri. Ili ndi mayendedwe a antifreeze okha, mipando ya spark plugs ndi zomangira. Komabe, mayunitsi oterowo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo sanagwiritsidwe ntchito mumakampani opanga magalimoto kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale atha kupezekabe mu zida zapadera.

Mutu wa silinda, malinga ndi dzina lake, uli pamwamba pa injini yoyaka mkati. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi nyumba yomwe magawo amagawidwe a gasi (nthawi) amayikidwa, omwe amawongolera kulowetsedwa kwamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya m'masilinda ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Pamwamba pa zipinda zoyaka moto zili pamutu. Ili ndi mabowo okhotakhota mu ma spark plugs ndi ma jekeseni, komanso mabowo olumikizira zolowera ndi zotulutsa.

Pakufalikira kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, njira zapadera (zomwe zimatchedwa jekete yozizira) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupaka mafuta kumaperekedwa kudzera munjira zamafuta.

Komanso, pali mipando mavavu ndi akasupe ndi actuators. Muzosavuta, pali ma valve awiri pa silinda (kulowetsa ndi kutuluka), koma pakhoza kukhala zambiri. Ma valve owonjezera olowera amatha kukulitsa gawo lonse la magawo onse, komanso kuchepetsa katundu wamphamvu. Ndipo ndi ma valve owonjezera otulutsa mpweya, kutaya kutentha kumatha kukhala bwino.

Mpando wa valve (mpando), wopangidwa ndi mkuwa, chitsulo chosungunula kapena chitsulo chosagwira kutentha, umakanikizidwa mu nyumba yamutu wa silinda kapena ukhoza kupangidwa pamutu womwewo.

Mavavu owongolera amapereka malo enieni. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kukhala chitsulo, mkuwa, cermet.

Mutu wa valavu uli ndi chamfer ya tapered yopangidwa pamakona a 30 kapena 45 madigiri. Chamfer iyi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a valve ndipo ili moyandikana ndi chamfer ya mpando wa valve. Ma bevel onsewa amapangidwa mosamala ndikumangirira kuti agwirizane bwino.

Kutseka kodalirika kwa valve, kasupe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha alloy ndi ndondomeko yapadera yotsatizana. Phindu la kulimbitsa kwake koyambirira kumakhudza kwambiri magawo a injini yoyaka mkati.

Imawongolera kutsegula / kutseka kwa mavavu a camshaft. Ili ndi makamera awiri pa silinda iliyonse (imodzi yolowera, inayo ya valve yotulutsa mpweya). Ngakhale zosankha zina ndizotheka, kuphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa camshafts ziwiri, imodzi yomwe imayendetsa kulowetsedwa, ina imayang'anira kutuluka. M'ma injini oyatsira mkati mwa magalimoto amakono okwera, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndendende ma camshaft awiri okwera pamwamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mavavu ndi 4 pa silinda iliyonse.

Monga njira yoyendetsera ma valve, ma levers (mikono ya rocker, rockers) kapena ma pusher mu mawonekedwe a masilinda afupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mawonekedwe omaliza, kusiyana kwa galimotoyo kumangosinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma compensators a hydraulic, omwe amawongolera khalidwe lawo ndikuwonjezera moyo wawo wautumiki.

Pansi pamutu wa silinda, yomwe ili pafupi ndi chipika cha silinda, imapangidwa ngakhale ndikukonzedwa mosamala. Pofuna kupewa kulowetsedwa kwa antifreeze mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta kapena mafuta a injini mu dongosolo lozizira, komanso kulowa kwa madzi omwe akugwira ntchito mu chipinda choyaka moto, gasket yapadera imayikidwa pakati pa mutu ndi silinda block panthawi yoika. Zitha kupangidwa ndi zinthu za asbestos-mphira (paronite), mkuwa kapena chitsulo chokhala ndi ma polima interlayers. Gasket yotereyi imakhala yolimba kwambiri, imalepheretsa kusakanikirana kwamadzimadzi ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta odzola ndi machitidwe ozizira, ndikupatula ma silinda kwa wina ndi mzake.

Mutu umamangiriridwa ku chipika cha silinda ndi mabawuti kapena zipilala zokhala ndi mtedza. Kulimbitsa ma bolt kuyenera kuyandikira mosamala kwambiri. Iyenera kupangidwa motsatira malangizo a automaker malinga ndi dongosolo linalake, lomwe lingakhale losiyana ndi injini zoyatsira mkati. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito wrench ya torque ndikuwona makulidwe omwe atchulidwa, omwe ayenera kuwonetsedwa mu malangizo okonza.

Kulephera kutsata ndondomekoyi kungayambitse kuphwanya kulimba, kutulutsa mpweya kudzera mu mgwirizano, kuchepa kwa kuponderezana kwa ma cylinders, ndi kuphwanya kudzipatula kwa wina ndi mzake kwa njira zopangira mafuta ndi kuziziritsa. Zonsezi zidzawonetsedwa ndi ntchito yosakhazikika ya injini yoyaka moto, kutaya mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Osachepera, muyenera kusintha gasket, mafuta a injini ndi antifreeze ndi makina othamangitsira. Mavuto aakulu kwambiri ndi otheka, mpaka pakufunika kukonza kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka mkati.

tiyenera kukumbukira kuti yamphamvu mutu gasket si oyenera reinstallation. Ngati mutu wachotsedwa, gasket iyenera kusinthidwa, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe chake. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito ku mabawuti okwera.

Kuchokera pamwamba, mutu wa silinda umatsekedwa ndi chophimba chotetezera (chomwe chimatchedwanso chivundikiro cha valve) ndi chisindikizo cha rabara. Itha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, aluminiyamu kapena pulasitiki. Kapu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi khosi lothira mafuta a injini. Apa m'pofunikanso kuyang'ana ma torques ena omangirira pamene mukumangirira ma bolts ndikusintha mphira wosindikiza nthawi iliyonse chivundikirocho chikutsegulidwa.

Nkhani zopewera, kuzindikira, kukonza ndi kukonzanso mutu wa silinda ziyenera kuganiziridwa mozama momwe zingathere, chifukwa ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa injini yoyaka moto yamkati, yomwe, kuwonjezera apo, imakhala ndi katundu wofunikira kwambiri wamakina ndi matenthedwe.

Mavuto posakhalitsa amadza ngakhale ndi ntchito yoyenera ya galimoto. Imathandizira kuwoneka kwa zovuta mu injini - komanso mutu makamaka - izi:

• kunyalanyaza kusintha kwa periodic;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri kapena mafuta omwe sakwaniritsa zofunikira za injini yoyaka mkatiyi;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta abwino;
• zosefera (mpweya, mafuta);
• kusakhalapo kwa nthawi yosamalira nthawi zonse;
• njira yakuthwa yoyendetsa galimoto, kuzunzidwa kothamanga kwambiri;
• jekeseni wolakwika kapena wosayendetsedwa;
• kusakhutira kwa dongosolo lozizira ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutenthedwa kwa injini yoyaka mkati.

Kuwonongeka kwa cylinder head gasket ndi mavuto ena okhudzana nawo atchulidwa kale pamwambapa. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za izi mugawo lina. Zovuta zina za mutu:

• mipando ya valve yosweka;
• ma valve owongolera;
• mipando ya camshaft yosweka;
• zomangira zowonongeka kapena ulusi;
• ming'alu mwachindunji mu yamphamvu mutu nyumba.

Mipando ndi ma bushings owongolera amatha kusinthidwa, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Kuyesera kupanga kukonzanso kotereku m'malo a garaja kungapangitse kufunika kosintha mutu wathunthu. Pawekha, mungayesere kuyeretsa ndi kupera mipando ya mipando, osaiwala kuti iyenera kugwirizana bwino ndi ma valavu okwera.

Kubwezeretsa mabedi owonongeka pansi pa camshaft, zitsamba zokonza zamkuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati ulusi muzitsulo za kandulo wathyoka, mukhoza kukhazikitsa screwdriver. Zopangira zokonza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zomangira zowonongeka.

Ming'alu pamutu nyumba akhoza kuyesedwa welded ngati si pa mpweya olowa. Ndizopanda pake kugwiritsa ntchito zida monga kuwotcherera kozizira, chifukwa ali ndi coefficient yosiyana ya kukulitsa matenthedwe ndipo amangosweka mwachangu. Kugwiritsira ntchito kuwotcherera kuti athetse ming'alu yomwe imadutsa pamtunda wa gasi sikungatheke - pamenepa, ndi bwino kusintha mutu.

Pamodzi ndi mutu, ndikofunikira kusintha gasket yake, komanso chisindikizo cha rabara pachivundikirocho.

Mukathetsa mavuto pamutu wa silinda, musaiwalenso kuzindikira magawo omwe adayikidwamo - ma valve, akasupe, mikono ya rocker, rockers, pushers, komanso, camshaft. Ngati mukufuna kugula zida zosinthira zatsopano kuti zilowe m'malo mwazovala, mutha kuzipanga mu sitolo yapaintaneti.

Ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta kugula ndikuyika msonkhano wamutu wa silinda pamene mbali za makina ogawa gasi (camshaft, ma valve okhala ndi akasupe ndi ma actuators, ndi zina zotero) zakhazikitsidwa kale. Izi zidzathetsa kufunikira koyenera ndi kusintha, zomwe zidzafunika ngati zigawo za nthawi kuchokera kumutu wakale wa silinda zimayikidwa mu nyumba yatsopano yamutu.