Zosefera mafuta. Timasankha mwanzeru

Zinthu zosefera zomwe zimayikidwa mumafuta amateteza injini yoyaka mkati kuchokera ku tinthu takunja, zomwe zimakhalapo muchulukidwe chimodzi kapena china ngakhale mumafuta apamwamba, oyera, osatchulanso omwe amayenera kuthiridwa mafuta pamagalasi aku Ukraine.

Zonyansa zakunja zimatha kulowa mumafuta osati pakupanga, komanso panthawi yonyamula, kupopera kapena kusungirako. Sizokhudza mafuta a petulo ndi dizilo - muyeneranso kusefa gasi.

Ngakhale fyuluta yamafuta singakhale chifukwa cha zida zovuta, komabe, pakafunika kusintha, funso losankha chipangizo choyenera lingakhale losokoneza.

Kuti musalakwitse, posankha fyuluta yamafuta pagalimoto yanu, muyenera kumvetsetsa cholinga, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe akugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamtundu wina.

Choyamba, zidazo zimasiyana pamlingo wa kuyeretsedwa kwamafuta - zowoneka bwino, zabwinobwino, zabwino komanso zowonjezera. Pochita, malinga ndi kusefera kwabwino, magulu awiri nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsidwa:

• kuyeretsa kolimba - musalole kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono 50 kapena kupitilira apo tidutse;
• kuyeretsa bwino - musadutse tinthu tating'onoting'ono topitilira 2 microns.

Pankhaniyi, munthu ayenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa fineness mwadzina ndi mtheradi wa kusefera. Mwadzina amatanthauza kuti 95% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tawonetsedwa, mtheradi - osachepera 98%. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, chinthu chili ndi fyuluta yodziwika bwino ya ma microns 5, ndiye kuti imasunga 95% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ngati 5 ma microns (microns).

Pamagalimoto onyamula anthu, zosefera zowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala gawo la gawo lamafuta lomwe limayikidwa mu thanki yamafuta. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi ma mesh polowera pampu yamafuta, yomwe imalimbikitsidwa kuti iyeretsedwe nthawi ndi nthawi.

Chipangizo choyeretsera bwino ndi chinthu chosiyana chomwe chingakhale mu chipinda cha injini, pansi pamunsi kapena m'malo ena, kutengera mtundu wa makinawo. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi zomwe akutanthauza akamalankhula za fyuluta yamafuta.

Malinga ndi njira yosefera, zinthu zokhala ndi madontho apamwamba komanso voliyumu zimatha kusiyanitsa.

Poyamba, mapepala owonda kwambiri azinthu za porous amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tinthu zonyansa, zomwe miyeso yake imaposa kukula kwa pores, musadutse ndikukhala pamwamba pa mapepala. Pepala lapadera nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito posefera, koma zosankha zina ndizotheka - zowonda zomveka, zopangira.

Pazida zokhala ndi ma volumetric adsorption, zinthuzo zimakhalanso ndi porous, koma zimakhala zokulirapo komanso osati pamtunda wokha, komanso zigawo zamkati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa dothi. The fyuluta chinthu akhoza mbamuikha ceramic tchipisi, utuchi yaing'ono kapena ulusi (koyilo Zosefera).

Malinga ndi mtundu wa injini kuyaka mkati, zosefera mafuta amagawidwa m'magulu 4 - carburetor, jekeseni, dizilo injini kuyaka mkati ndi mayunitsi ntchito pa mafuta mpweya.

Carburetor ICE ndiyofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wamafuta, chifukwa chake zinthu zosefera ndizosavuta. Ayenera kusunga zonyansa kuyambira kukula kwa 15 ... 20 microns.

Injini yoyatsira jekeseni yamkati yomwe ikuyenda pa petulo imafuna kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu - fyulutayo isalole tinthu tokulirapo kuposa 5 ... 10 ma microns kudutsa.

Pamafuta a dizilo, kusefa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi 5 µm. Komabe, mafuta osatha amathanso kukhala ndi madzi ndi parafini. Madzi amalepheretsa kuyaka kwa chisakanizo choyaka moto mu masilindala ndikupangitsa dzimbiri. Ndipo parafini imawala pa kutentha kochepa ndipo imatha kutseka fyulutayo. Chifukwa chake, mu fyuluta ya injini zoyatsira mkati za dizilo, njira zothana ndi zonyansazi ziyenera kuperekedwa.

Pa magalimoto okhala ndi zida za baluni ya gasi (LPG), makina osefera ndi osiyana kwambiri. Choyamba, propane-butane, yomwe ili mumadzimadzi mu silinda, imatsukidwa mu magawo awiri. Pa gawo loyamba, mafuta amasefedwa kolimba pogwiritsa ntchito mesh element. Mu gawo lachiwiri, kuyeretsa bwino kwambiri kumachitika mu gearbox pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta, yomwe, chifukwa cha ntchito, iyenera kupirira kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Komanso, mafuta, omwe ali kale ndi mpweya, amadutsa mu fyuluta yabwino, yomwe iyenera kusunga chinyezi ndi zinthu zamafuta.

Malinga ndi malowo, fyulutayo imatha kukhala pansi pamadzi, mwachitsanzo, ma mesh owoneka bwino mu gawo lamafuta, lomwe limamizidwa mu thanki yamafuta, ndi yayikulu. Pafupifupi zosefera zabwino zonse ndizosefera zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala panjira yolowera mafuta.

Izi zimachitika kuti kusefera bwino kwamafuta kumachitika mwachindunji pampu yamafuta. Njira yofananira imapezeka, mwachitsanzo, m'magalimoto ena aku Japan. Zikatero, kusintha fyuluta nokha kungakhale vuto lalikulu, kungakhale kofunikira kusintha msonkhano wa mpope.

Zosefera zamafuta zimatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osasiyanitsidwa, kapena zitha kupangidwa m'nyumba yotha kugwa yokhala ndi katiriji yosinthika. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu kapangidwe ka mkati mwawo.

Chipangizo chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala ndi zosefera zama injini oyatsira mkati mwa carburetor. Popeza kupanikizika kwamafuta kumakhala kochepa, zofunikira za mphamvu ya nyumbayo zimakhalanso zochepetsetsa - nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yowonekera, momwe kuipitsidwa kwa fyuluta kumawonekera.

Kwa ma ICE a jakisoni, mafuta amaperekedwa ku ma nozzles mopanikizika kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nyumba yosungiramo mafuta iyenera kukhala yamphamvu - nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Thupi nthawi zambiri cylindrical, ngakhale palinso mabokosi amakona anayi. Fyuluta wamba yoyenda molunjika imakhala ndi zida ziwiri zolumikizira ma nozzles - polowera ndi potuluka.

Nthawi zina, pakhoza kukhala cholumikizira chachitatu, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza mafuta ochulukirapo kuti abwerere ku thanki ngati kuthamanga kupitilira momwe amakhalira.

Kulumikizana kwa mizere yamafuta ndikotheka kumbali imodzi komanso mbali zina za silinda. Mukalumikiza machubu, cholowera ndi chotuluka sichiyenera kusinthidwa. Njira yoyenera yoyendetsera mafuta nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ndi muvi pathupi.

Palinso zosefera zotchedwa spin-on, zomwe thupi lake limakhala ndi ulusi pamphepete imodzi. Kuti alowe mumsewu waukulu, amangokhomedwa pampando woyenera. mafuta amalowa m'mabowo omwe ali mozungulira circumference ya silinda, ndipo potuluka ali pakati.

Komanso, pali mtundu wa chipangizo monga fyuluta katiriji. Ndi silinda yachitsulo, mkati momwe cartridge yosinthika imayikidwa.

Gawo la fyuluta yamasamba limapindika ngati accordion kapena bala mu spiral. Chophimba cha ceramic kapena matabwa chokhala ndi kuyeretsa kwa volumetric ndi briquette yoponderezedwa ya cylindrical.

Chipangizo choyeretsera mafuta a dizilo chimakhala ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa crystallization ya madzi ndi parafini pa kutentha otsika, zosefera zimenezi nthawi zambiri Kutentha chinthu. Njirayi imapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kuyambitsa injini yoyatsira mkati m'nyengo yozizira, pamene mafuta a dizilo oundana amatha kukhala ngati gel osakaniza.

Kuchotsa condensate, fyuluta ili ndi cholekanitsa. Imalekanitsa chinyezi ndi mafuta ndikutumiza ku sump, yomwe imakhala ndi pulagi kapena bomba.

Magalimoto ambiri ali ndi nyali pa dashboard yomwe imasonyeza kufunika kokhetsa madzi osonkhanitsidwa. Chizindikiro cha chinyezi chochulukirapo chimapangidwa ndi sensa yamadzi, yomwe imayikidwa mu fyuluta.

Mukhoza, ndithudi, kuchita popanda kuyeretsa mafuta. Inu nokha simudzafika patali. Posachedwapa, nozzles za jekeseni zidzatsekedwa ndi dothi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kubaya mafuta mu masilinda. Kusakaniza kowonda kudzalowa m'zipinda zoyaka moto, ndipo izi zidzakhudza nthawi yomweyo ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati. Injini yoyaka yamkati idzafika poipa kwambiri, imayima mukangoyesa kuchoka. Idling idzakhala yosasunthika, poyenda injini yoyaka mkati idzataya mphamvu, idzagwedezeka, kugwedezeka, kutsamwitsa, kupitirira ndikuyendetsa galimoto kukwera kudzakhala vuto.

Kuwomba m'manja ndi kufinya kudzawonedwa osati mu jekeseni, komanso mumagulu a carburetor, momwe zonyansa mumafuta zidzatsekereza jets.

Dothi lidzalowa momasuka m'zipinda zoyaka moto, kukhazikika pamakoma awo ndikuwonjezera kuyaka kwamafuta. Panthawi ina, chiŵerengero cha mafuta ndi mpweya mu osakaniza chidzafika pamtengo wovuta ndipo kuyatsa kumangosiya.

N'zotheka kuti izi sizidzafika ku izi, chifukwa chochitika china chidzachitika kale - pampu yamafuta, yomwe imakakamizika kupopera mafuta kudzera mu dongosolo lotsekedwa, idzalephera chifukwa chodzaza nthawi zonse.

Zotsatira zake zidzakhala kusinthidwa kwa mpope, kukonza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuyeretsa kapena kusintha ma nozzles, mizere yamafuta ndi zinthu zina zosasangalatsa komanso zodula.

Amapulumutsa ku zovuta izi gawo laling'ono komanso lopanda mtengo kwambiri - fyuluta yamafuta. Komabe, ndikofunikira osati kukhalapo kwake kokha, komanso kusinthidwa munthawi yake. Fyuluta yotsekedwa mofananamo idzawonjezera katundu pa pampu ya mafuta ndikutsamira kusakaniza kulowa mu masilinda. Ndipo injini yoyaka mkati idzayankha izi ndi kugwa kwa mphamvu ndi ntchito yosakhazikika.

Ngati fyuluta yamafuta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto yanu ndi yosasiyanitsidwa, musataye nthawi kuyesa kuiyeretsa, monga momwe amisiri ena amalangizira. Simupeza zotsatira zovomerezeka.

Posankha fyuluta kuti ilowe m'malo mwa chinthu chomwe chatha mphamvu zake, choyamba muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi malangizo a wopanga magetsi.

Zosefera zomwe zagulidwa ziyenera kufanana ndi mtundu wa injini yoyatsira mkati mwagalimoto yanu, kuti igwirizane mwamapangidwe, ipereke kutulutsa kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa (kusefera bwino) monga chinthu choyambirira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zilibe kanthu chimene kwenikweni ntchito monga fyuluta zakuthupi - mapadi, mbamuikha utuchi, poliyesitala kapena chinachake.

Njira yodalirika kwambiri pogula ndi gawo loyambirira, koma mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala wokwera kwambiri. Njira ina yabwino ingakhale kugula fyuluta ya chipani chachitatu yokhala ndi magawo ofanana ndi oyamba.

Ngati simukutsimikiza kuti mukumvetsa zomwe mukufuna, mukhoza kuyika chisankho kwa wogulitsa, kumutcha chitsanzo ndi chaka chopangira galimotoyo. Ndikwabwino kugula kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika pa intaneti, mwachitsanzo, m'sitolo, kapena m'sitolo yodalirika yopanda intaneti.

Osathamangitsa zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndikugula pamalo okayikitsa - mutha kuthamangira zabodza, pali zambiri pamsika wamagalimoto. Pamtengo wa fyuluta yabwino, ndalama zopitirira theka ndi za pepala. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga osakhulupirika, pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera zotsika mtengo pazogulitsa zawo kapena kupangitsa makongoletsedwe kukhala otayirira kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, palibe chilichonse chochokera ku fyuluta yotereyi, ndipo kuvulaza kungakhale kwakukulu. Ngati pepala losefera silili lokwanira bwino, silingasefe bwino zonyansa, ulusi wake womwe ukhoza kulowa mumzere wamafuta ndikutsekera majekeseni, ukhoza kusweka mopanikizika ndikulola zinyalala zambiri kudutsa. Mlandu wopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yotsika mtengo sungathe kupirira kupanikizika ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kuphulika.

Ngati mumagulabe pamsika, yang'anani mosamala gawolo, onetsetsani kuti khalidwe la ntchitoyo silikukayikira, tcherani khutu ku logos, zizindikiro, ma CD.

Ngati muli ndi injini ya dizilo, muyenera kusankha fyulutayo mosamala kwambiri. Kuchuluka kosakwanira kumachepetsa kutulutsa mafuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nyengo yachisanu mumakhala pachiwopsezo chosayamba. Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka sump yamadzi kumawonjezera mwayi wa chinyezi kulowa mu injini yoyaka mkati ndi zotsatira zake zonse. Kuyeretsa pang'ono kumabweretsa kutsekeka kwa nozzles.

Mafuta a ICE okhala ndi jakisoni wachindunji amakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi ukhondo wamafuta. Kwa mtundu uwu wa injini yoyaka mkati, muyenera kusankha fyuluta yapamwamba kwambiri yamafuta.

Ngati tilankhula za opanga, ndiye kuti zosefera zaku Germany HENGST, MANN ndi KNECHT / MAHLE ndizopamwamba kwambiri. Zowona, ndipo ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi theka yotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi zopangidwa ndi kampani ya ku France PURFLUX ndi American DELPHI, pamene khalidwe lawo liri pafupi ndi Ajeremani omwe tawatchula pamwambapa. Opanga monga CHAMPION (USA) ndi BOSCH (Germany) adadzikhazikitsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Iwo ali ndi mitengo yotsika, koma malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, ubwino wa mankhwala a BOSCH ukhoza kusiyana kwambiri malinga ndi dziko limene amapangidwira.

Pakati pamtengo wamtengo wapatali, zosefera za mtundu wa Chipolishi FILTRON ndi DENCKERMANN, CHIUkrania ALPHA FILTER, American WIX FILTERS, Japanese KUJIWA, Italy CLEAN FILTERS ndi UFI ali ndi ndemanga zabwino.

Koma makampani onyamula katundu - TOPRAN, STARLINE, SCT, KAGER ndi ena - kugula zinthu zotsika mtengo kumatha kukhala lottery.