Ma brake pads. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa

M'magalimoto amakono, mitundu iwiri ya ma brake imagwiritsidwa ntchito - disc ndi ng'oma. Pazochitika zonsezi, njira yoponderezana ya braking imagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe kusinthasintha kwa magudumu kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa awiriawiri otsutsana. M'magulu oterowo, chimodzi mwazinthuzo chimasunthika ndikuzungulira ndi gudumu, chinacho chimakhala chokhazikika. Chigawo chosuntha ndi diski ya brake kapena ng'oma. Chinthu chokhazikika ndi brake pad, zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhaniyi.

Panthawi ya braking, kuthamanga kwamadzi kumapangidwa mu hydraulic system kapena mpweya woponderezedwa ngati ma pneumatics amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyendetsa. Kupanikizika kumasamutsidwa ku ma silinda ogwirira ntchito (magudumu), ndi ma pistoni awo, akupita patsogolo, amachitapo kanthu pazitsulo zophulika. Mapadiwo akakanikizidwa pa diski kapena ng'oma yozungulira ndi gudumu, mphamvu yolimbana imawuka. Mapadi ndi disc (ng'oma) zimatenthetsa. Choncho, mphamvu ya kinetic ya kayendedwe ka galimoto imasandulika kukhala mphamvu yotentha, kuthamanga kwa magudumu kumachepa ndipo galimoto imachepa.

Mapadi a ma disc brakes amasiyana mawonekedwe. Mu mabuleki a disk amakhala athyathyathya, mu mabuleki a ng'oma amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a arc. Maonekedwewo amatsimikiziridwa ndi malo omwe mapepala amalumikizana nawo - mbali yathyathyathya pamwamba pa disc kapena mkati mwa cylindrical yogwira ntchito pamwamba pa ng'oma. Apo ayi, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pamapangidwe awo.

Maziko amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chonyamula mbale. Kumbali yosagwira ntchito, imakhala ndi choyambira chonyowa kuti chichepetse kugwedezeka ndi phokoso. Muzojambula zina, damper imatha kupangidwa ngati mbale yachitsulo yochotsedwa.

Chingwe chotsutsana chimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi diski kapena ng'oma, yomwe imamangiriridwa pamunsi ndi zomatira zapadera kapena ndi rivets. Zimachitika kuti akalowa akhoza kuchotsedwa, koma nthawi zambiri chipika amasintha kwathunthu.

Mzerewu ndiye gawo losangalatsa kwambiri la brake pad. Kuchita bwino kwa braking, komanso moyo wautumiki ndi mtengo wa pad palokha, zimatengera magawo ake ndi kapangidwe kake.

Pali chotchinga chotenthetsera pakati pa friction layer ndi mbale yothandizira. Zimateteza ku kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwira. 

Nthawi zambiri, ma chamfers ndi imodzi kapena seti ya mipata amapangidwa kumbali yogwira ntchito ya pedi. Ma Chamfer amachepetsa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso, ndipo mipata imachotsa fumbi, komanso imathandizira kutulutsa kutentha.

Chophimba chopukutira nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa kusanjikizana kuti musinthe mwachangu ku zolakwika za disc.

Pofuna kuthandizira dalaivala kuti amvetsetse kuti chipikacho chafika pamtunda wovuta kwambiri, opanga ambiri amapereka makina owonetsera makina, omwe ndi mbale yachitsulo yokhazikika mpaka kumapeto. Pamene mkangano wosanjikiza umakhala wovuta kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa mbaleyo idzayamba kukhudza diski ya brake ndikutulutsa khalidwe lofuula kwambiri.

Posachedwapa, kuti ayang'ane kuchuluka kwa kuvala kwa mapepala, masensa amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamene ayambitsidwa, kuwala kofanana pa dashboard kumawunikira. Zitha kukhala zakunja kapena zomangidwa. Chachiwiri, kuti musinthe, muyenera kugula mapepala okhala ndi masensa ophatikizika.

Chofunikira chachikulu cha linings ndikupereka magwiridwe antchito okwanira m'misewu yonse, kuphatikiza matope ndi chinyezi chambiri. Ndi chinyezi chomwe chimabweretsa vuto lalikulu pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa ma brake pair, kusewera ngati mafuta ndikuchepetsa kugundana.

The ziyangoyango ayenera kusunga katundu ntchito mu chisanu kwambiri, kupirira mwadzidzidzi kutentha kusintha ndi kwambiri kutentha, amene pa kukangana akhoza kufika 200 ... 300 ° C ndi zambiri.

Makhalidwe a phokoso nawonso ndi ofunika kwambiri. Pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, pamene ma disk brakes anapangidwa, mapepala analibe mapepala ndipo kugwedezeka kwachitsulo pazitsulo panthawi ya braking kunatsatizana ndi phokoso loopsya. M'mabuleki amakono, vuto ili kulibe, ngakhale mapepala atsopano amatha kugwedezeka kwakanthawi mpaka atavala.

Chofunikira china chofunikira pamapadi ndikukhala ndi mtima wodekha pa brake disc (ng'oma). Pad friction pad yomwe imakhala yofewa kwambiri imachepetsa mphamvu ya braking yomwe imapangidwa ndi kukangana, ndipo chigawo chotsutsana chomwe chimakhala cholimba kwambiri "chitha kudya" diski, chomwe chimawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa mapepala.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutchingira kolimba kwambiri kumatha kutsekereza mawilo nthawi yake isanakwane, pomwe galimotoyo siinachedwe mokwanira. Zikatere, galimotoyo imatha kugwedezeka ndikukhala yosalamulirika.

Zingwe zomangira zamagalimoto, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi 0,35 ... 0,5. Uwu ndiye mtengo wabwino kwambiri womwe umalola kuti mabuleki oyenerera m'misewu yamzindawu ndi misewu yakumidzi komanso nthawi yomweyo athandizire kusunga gwero la brake disc. Pali mapepala okhala ndi kugundana kwakukulu, koma makamaka amapangidwira magalimoto amasewera omwe amafunika kutsika pafupipafupi komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri.

M'masiku akale, asibesitosi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zomangira zomangira. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti fumbi la asibesitosi lili ndi zinthu zoyambitsa khansa, kotero izi zidaletsedwa kwathunthu ku European Union mu 2005. Mayiko ena pang’onopang’ono akutsatira chitsanzo chawo. Pachifukwa ichi, ma brake pads omwe ali ndi asibesitosi akukhala osowa ndipo, ndithudi, kuyika zinthu zoterezi kuyenera kupewedwa.

Asibesitosi adasinthidwa ndi zosakaniza zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zigawo 15-20. Opanga kwambiri okha amapanga zida zokangana, kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.

Pakali pano, pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yazitsulo zopangira ma brake - organic, zitsulo ndi ceramic.

Zopangidwa ndi organic nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pamaziko a graphite ndikuwonjezera zomangira ndi zida zomwe zimakulitsa mikangano - ma polima, magalasi a fiberglass, shavings zamkuwa kapena zamkuwa, ndi zida zina. Popeza kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi chitsulo chochepa (mpaka 30%), nkhaniyi imatchedwanso zitsulo zotsika (zotsika-zitsulo).

Mapadi amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto, amalekerera chisanu bwino komanso amakhala ndi mtengo wokongola. Kumbali ina, ma rubber organic ndi ofewa, alibe kukana kuvala kwambiri ndipo sali abwino kwambiri pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Kuphatikizika kwa kuchuluka kwa mkuwa, zitsulo kapena zitsulo zina zomwe zimapangidwira kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kutenthe, kotero mapepalawa amatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu, mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa galimoto mwaukali. Zovala zokhala ndi zitsulo sizimavala okha, koma setiyo imachotsa ma brake disc kwambiri ndipo imakhala phokoso pang'ono. Ambiri amaona kuti njira imeneyi ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri onyamula anthu.

Zomangira za ceramic ndizosavala kwambiri ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwino pakuwotcha kwamphamvu kwambiri, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuli koyenera pamagalimoto othamanga, komwe kuphulika mwadzidzidzi kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha mpaka 900-1000 ° C. Komabe, sizoyenera kuyenda mozungulira mzinda kapena maulendo akumidzi, chifukwa zimafunikira kutentha mpaka 200 ° C. Ndipo ma ceramics osatenthedwa sangathe kuwonetsa mikhalidwe yawo yabwino, koma amatha kufulumizitsa kuvala kwa brake disc. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wamapadi a ceramic ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Ngati mtunda wa braking wakula, kulira kwa chizindikiro cha kuvala kumamveka, silinda ya brake yogwira ntchito ikuphwanyidwa, caliper imakakamira, ndiye nthawi yoti musinthe mapepala. Komabe, ndi bwino nthawi ndi nthawi kuwunika mmene ananyema njira ndi ziyangoyango, popanda kuyembekezera zizindikiro. Mutha kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa ma pads poyang'ana pawindo pa caliper. Ngati 1,5 ... 2 mm yasiyidwa ndi kusanjikizana, mapepala ayenera kusinthidwa. Ndipo, ndithudi, simungathe kubweretsa nkhaniyi ku chiwonongeko chonse, chifukwa pamenepa maziko achitsulo a pad adzawononga mwamsanga diski ya brake.

m'malo, muyenera kuganizira mtundu wa galimoto, kulemera kwake, mphamvu ya injini, zikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, kalembedwe kagalimoto.

Sankhani mapepala omwe ali ofanana ndendende ndi mapadi omwe mukusintha. Izi zidzafulumizitsa ndikuwongolera kugaya kwawo, makamaka ngati diski (ng'oma) ili ndi tokhala (mapewa).

Kuti zigwirizane kwambiri, ndibwino kuti ma pads ndi disc amachokera kwa wopanga yemweyo.

Onetsetsani kuti mwasintha mapepala onse pamawilo onse a ekisi imodzi. Apo ayi, khalidwe la makina pa braking kungakhale kosadziŵika.

Zigawo zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Choyambirira, ndiko kuti, omwe amaikidwa pamakina omwe akusiya mzere wa msonkhano. Zitha kukhala zodula, koma kumbali ina, mumatsimikiziridwa kuti mudzalandira gawo lomwe khalidwe lake silimayendetsedwa ndi wopanga mwachindunji, komanso ndi automaker yomwe imapangidwa pansi pa chizindikiro chake. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti chinthucho chikugwirizana kwathunthu ndi zomwe zalengezedwa.

2. Ma analogues (otchedwa aftermarket) ndi magawo omwe amapangidwa ndi kampani yomweyi monga oyambirira, koma amagulitsidwa pansi pa chizindikiro chawo. Atha kukhala ndi zosintha zina kuchokera pazigawo zomwe zalengezedwa. Mu 1999, bungwe la Economic Commission for Europe lidafuna opanga zida za brake system zomwe sizili zoyambira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za wopanga makinawo ndi 85%. Kupanda kutero, zinthuzo siziloledwa pamsika waku Europe. Kugwirizana uku kumawonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro cha ECE R90.

Pankhani ya mtengo, ma analogue amatha kubwera pafupi ndi magawo oyamba, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo ndi 20 ... 30%.

Coefficient of friction ya analogi pads ndi yotsika kuposa yoyambayo, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala 0,25 ... 0,4. Izi, ndithudi, zidzakhudza liwiro la mabuleki ndi kutalika kwa mtunda wa braking.

3. Zogulitsa zopangira mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. M'gululi, mutha kupeza mapepala otsika mtengo, koma mtundu wawo ndi mwayi ngati wina aliyense. Mapadi otsika mtengo sangakhale nthawi yayitali, koma amatha kuwononga ma brake disc. Choncho ndalama zoterezi zingakhale zokayikitsa kwambiri, makamaka ngati mukukumbukira kuti tikukamba za chitetezo.

Ndi bwino kutembenukira kwa, mu nkhani iyi simudzagwa kwa yabodza, zomwe zilipo zambiri, koma zimagawidwa makamaka m'misika ndi m'masitolo ang'onoang'ono.