Kupsinjika kwa injini ya dizilo - momwe mungawonjezere magawo?

Kodi mukudziwa momwe mtima wagalimoto yanu, injini, imagwirira ntchito? Ndi njira ziti zomwe zimachitika mukamakanikizira pa pedal kapena mukasintha magiya? Musakane chidziwitso ichi - mutadziwa bwino galimoto yanu, mwamsanga mudzamva kuti sizingatheke. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi psinjika chiŵerengero cha injini.

Timaphunzira chiphunzitsocho - chimachitika ndi chiyani mkati mwa chipinda choyaka moto?

The psinjika chiŵerengero mu chiphunzitso ndi chiŵerengero cha voliyumu mu danga pamwamba pa pisitoni ntchito pa mphindi pamene akudutsa pansi pansi akufa pakati voliyumu mu chipinda pamwamba pisitoni pa mphindi akudutsa pamwamba akufa pakati. Tanthauzoli likuwonetsa kusiyana kwapanikizidwe muchipinda choyatsira chokha panthawi yomwe mafuta amalowetsedwa mu silinda.

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, chiŵerengero cha psinjika nthawi zambiri chimasokonezeka ndi lingaliro lina, ndilo psinjika ya injini ya dizilo, koma pochita izi ndi mawu awiri osiyana. Kuponderezana ndiko kupanikizika kwakukulu komwe pisitoni imakhala nayo mu silinda pamene ikudutsa kuchokera pakati pakufa kupita kumtunda wakufa. Mtengo uwu umayesedwa mumlengalenga.

Chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chimayesedwa ndi masamu, mwachitsanzo 19: 1. Kwa injini za dizilo, chiŵerengero chapakati pa 18 ndi 22 mpaka 1 chimaonedwa kuti ndichabwino kwambiri. Ndi mlingo uwu wa kuponderezedwa, mtima wa galimoto udzagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa compression. Kupanikizika kumakwera kwambiri m'chipindamo komanso kuponderezedwa kwakukulu, kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta kumakhala kopanda ndalama, pamene mphamvu yolandira ikhoza kuwonjezeka.

Kugwira ntchito kwa injini ya dizilo

Compress ratio muzochita - zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kuyaka kwa mafuta osakaniza mu injini kumachitika ndi kuyanjana kwa nthunzi wosakanikirana wamafuta ndi mpweya. Pamene kusakaniza kumayaka, kumakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika m'chipinda. Pa nthawi yomweyi, crankshaft imapanga kusintha, motero, injini imagwira ntchito imodzi yothandiza. Masiku ano, injini za dizilo zomwe zili ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha psinjika sichimapangidwanso, popeza izi siziri zofunikira, ndipo mafuta otsika a octane adasowa pamsika. Aliyense akuyesetsa kupeza ma injini azachuma komanso otsitsimula kwambiri okhala ndi chiwopsezo chambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana kungapezeke mwa kuchepetsa chipinda choyaka moto cha injini ya dizilo. Koma ndi kusintha kotereku, akatswiri m'mafakitale amayenera kupeza njira yothetsera vuto, chifukwa amafunika kukhalabe ndi mphamvu mu chipinda, komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amawotchedwa. Njira imodzi yowonjezeretsera kuponderezedwa ndikunyamula midadada yamutu wa silinda - kuchuluka kwa psinjika kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuyaka kwamafuta m'chipinda kumachepa. Pankhaniyi, silinda imasungabe voliyumu yake yogwira ntchito, ndipo kusuntha kwa injini sikusintha.

za compression ratio

Kusintha kuchuluka kwa compression - momwe mungasinthire magwiridwe antchito?

Masiku ano, akatswiri apeza njira ina yowonjezerera kupanikizika mu chipinda choyaka moto - uku ndikuyika turbocharger. Kuyika kwa chipangizochi kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika m'chipinda choyaka chamkati, pamene mavoti a chipindacho sichiyenera kusinthidwa. Maonekedwe a zipangizo zoterezi zachititsa kuti mphamvu zowonjezera ziwonjezeke, mpaka 50% ya ziwerengero zoyambirira. Ubwino wa supercharger ndikutha kuziyika nokha, ngakhale ndikwabwino kuyika ntchitoyi kwa akatswiri.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ma supercharger amitundu yonse imatsikira ku chinthu chimodzi chophweka, chomwe chimamveka ngakhale kwa ana. Tikudziwa kuti injini yamagalimoto imagwira ntchito chifukwa cha kuyaka kosalekeza kwa osakaniza amafuta-mpweya omwe amalowa mu masilinda a injini. Opanga amapereka chiŵerengero mulingo woyenera wa mafuta ndi mpweya kulowa masilindala - yotsirizira amalowa kuyaka chipinda chifukwa chilengedwe cha rarefied mlengalenga pa kudya sitiroko. Komano, ma supercharger amalola kuti mafuta ochulukirapo ndi mpweya aziperekedwa polowera kuchipinda chomwecho cha chipinda choyaka moto. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu pakuyaka kumawonjezeka, mphamvu ya unit imawonjezeka.

Komabe, oyendetsa galimoto sayenera kutengeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za "kavalo wachitsulo" - ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zotentha, kutsika kwa magawo a injini kumawonjezeka.

Ma pistoni amawotcha mwachangu, ma valve amatha, makina oziziritsa amalephera. Komanso, ngati turbocharging ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi manja anu, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuthetsa zotsatira za kuyesaku ngakhale mu malo abwino okonzera magalimoto. M'malo osapambana kwambiri amakono amakono, "mtima" wake ukhoza kuphulika. Sitiyenera kufotokozeredwa kuti kampani ya inshuwaransi ikukana kukulipirani chilichonse malinga ndi chitsanzochi, ndikuyika udindo wonse pa inu nokha.

Ma injini a dizilo alibe valavu yopumira, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kudzaza masilindala bwino komanso mogwira mtima, mosasamala kanthu za rpm. Pamagalimoto ambiri amakono, chipangizo monga chozizira kwambiri chimayikidwa. Zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere misa yodzaza mu masilindala ndi 20%, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya injini.

Kuchuluka kwa psinjika kwa chiŵerengero cha injini ya dizilo sikumakhala kwabwino nthawi zonse ndipo sikumawonjezera mphamvu zake nthawi zonse. Chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana kwa ntchito chikhoza kukhala kale pafupi ndi malire ake amtundu wina wamafuta, ndipo kuonjezera kungathe kuchepetsa mphamvu ya injini ndikuthamanga nthawi. M'magalimoto amakono, kupanikizika mu chipinda choyaka moto kumayendetsedwa nthawi zonse ndikuyendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi, zomwe zimayankha mwamsanga kusintha kwa injini. Musanayambe ntchito iliyonse kuti muwonjezere magawo a "iron horse" yamakono, onetsetsani kuti mufunsane ndi akatswiri.

Njira zowonjezerera mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati (PitStopMD)

Malingaliro a akatswiri

Ruslan Konstantinov

Katswiri wamagalimoto. Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku IzhGTU dzina lake M.T. Kalashnikov ndi digiri ya Operation of Transport and Technological Machines and Complexes. Pazaka 10 zaukadaulo wokonza magalimoto.

Kwa injini zambiri za dizilo, chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana chimakhala pakati pa 18/22 mpaka 1. Makhalidwe amenewa amapereka mphamvu yowonjezera ya magetsi, ndipo ngati chiŵerengero cha psinjika chikuwonjezeka ndi osachepera 2 peresenti, mphamvu imakwera ndi osachepera XNUMX% . Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito turbocharging, ziwerengerozi zitha kuonjezedwa m'njira zina.

• Wamba njanji dongosolo.

Njira yamakono yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto ambiri amakono okhala ndi magetsi a dizilo. Mfundoyi ndi yakuti mafuta osakaniza nthawi zonse amaperekedwa ku zipinda zoyaka moto ndi kuthamanga komweko, mosasamala kanthu za liwiro la injini ndi mphamvu. Ngati mu ochiritsira dongosolo psinjika imapezeka mu kudya zobwezedwa, ndiye mu wamba njanji pa nthawi ya jekeseni mafuta mu chipinda. Chifukwa cha dongosololi, zokolola zimachulukitsidwa ndi 30%, komabe chiwerengerochi chikhoza kusiyana kutengera mphamvu ya jekeseni wamafuta.

• Kukonza chip.

Njira yodziwikanso yowonjezerera mphamvu ndikusintha ma chip. Mfundo ya kukonzanso ndikusintha makhalidwe a kupanikizika mu dongosolo la mafuta mwa kusintha magawo a unit control control unit. Chip chimapangitsa kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito, imayang'aniranso nthawi yoperekera mafuta kumasilinda. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza kwa chip kumakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yotsika mtengo.

Kuti mupange chip ikukonzekera nokha, mudzafunika zida zapadera, chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso. Kuyika chowongolera chosinthidwa kumatanthawuza kukonza bwino kwa injini inayake; ndikofunikiranso kuchita zowunikira kaye. Choncho, kuti mupeze zotsatira zotsimikizika, ndi bwino kutembenukira kwa akatswiri.