Moyo wautumiki wa matayala a makina

Tayala la makina ndi chigoba cha rabara chotanuka chomwe chimayikidwa pa disk rim. Ndi iye amene amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi pamwamba pa msewu ndipo amapangidwa kuti achepetse kugwedezeka kwazing'ono m'misewu, komanso kubwezera zolakwika mumayendedwe a mawilo. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, imakhala ndi katundu wolemetsa wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, choncho mwachibadwa imakhala ndi moyo wake wautumiki, womwe umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo.

Tsiku lotha ntchito ya matayala malinga ndi GOST

Sungani moyo - nthawi yomwe kampaniyo imatsimikizira kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito chinthucho pazolinga zomwe akufuna ndipo ili ndi udindo wonse pazovuta zomwe zidabwera chifukwa cha vuto lake.

Pogula matayala, muyenera kuyang'ana chinachake, palibe zaka zoposa zitatu zapita kuyambira nthawi yopanga. Tsiku lopangidwa ndi zina zilizonse ndizosavuta kudziwa, zimawonetsedwa pa tayala la tayala pakati pazambiri za kukula, kapangidwe, liwiro ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu.

Tsiku lopanga matayala

Malamulo aku Russia amakhazikitsa moyo wautumiki wa matayala agalimoto pansi pa chitsimikizo molingana ndi Р "РћРЎРў 4754-97 и GOST 5513 - Zaka 5 kuyambira tsiku lopangidwa, koma kwa matayala, choyamba, chizindikiro chachikulu ndi khalidwe la mankhwala, osati nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malinga ndi GOST, moyo wa alumali wa matayala uyenera kuwerengedwa motere:

• ZR. Umu ndi momwe zosankha zothamanga kwambiri zimapangidwira, zinthuzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa liwiro la makilomita 240 pa ola limodzi. Mankhwalawa ayenera kusunga katundu wake kwa zaka 6.
• H - ntchito pa liwiro pazipita makilomita 210 pa ola, kutumikira kwa zaka 5.
• S - pazipita liwiro - 180 makilomita pa ola. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka zaka 4-5.

Akatswiri amalangiza kusintha matayala asanafike tsiku lotha ntchito. Madalaivala ena amakhulupirira kuti matayala ndi abwino ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ali ndi zaka 5-6, koma izi ndi maganizo olakwika! Zowonadi, chifukwa chakuti zolakwika zimawonekera m'matayala panthawi yogwira ntchito ndi kusungirako, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kusweka - panthawi yovuta, ikhoza kukugwetsani.

Alumali moyo wa matayala

Zosungira moyo - nthawi ina yomwe katunduyo, malinga ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa osungira ndi ntchito, ayenera kusunga katundu wawo wonse. Ngati nthawi ya alumali yatha, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawo ndi osayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mawonekedwe ake amatha kuchepa.

Matayala amatha kukalamba kudzera munjira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, lingaliro ili limagwira ntchito pamatayala omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Pofuna kupewa ukalamba wokha, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa ku mphira wa rabara zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi mankhwala owopsa ndi okosijeni ndi ozoni. Kuchita zimenezi kudzatsimikizira kuti, litasungidwa bwino, tayalalo lidzakwaniritsa tanthauzo la tayala latsopano.

Tikumbukenso kuti chitsimikizo moyo wa alumali si moyo wautumiki. Nthawi yosungiramo kwa zaka zisanu imayikidwa, osati chifukwa tayalalo lidzawonongeka pambuyo pake, koma chifukwa, malinga ndi lamulo, wopanga alibe ufulu wokhazikitsa nthawi yaifupi yotsimikizira, yomwe ndi chitetezo kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, akatswiri ambiri ku America amakhulupirira kuti alumali moyo ndi ntchito matayala makina ayenera kukhala zaka 10 okha. Komanso, akatswiri a ku Germany amakhulupirira kuti tsiku lotha ntchito la matayala liyenera kukhala zaka 6, izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa matayala atsopano.

Malamulo ndi malamulo osungira matayala a pneumatic malinga ndi GOST 24779-81:

1. Zoyikapo, zoyendera ndi malo osungiramo zida zapadera ziyenera kuteteza mpweya, kuwala, kutentha, ozoni, zosungunulira zamoyo, mafuta amchere, mafuta opaka mafuta, mafuta, ma acid ndi ma alkalis kuti asawononge matayala.
2. Mabasi sayenera kukhudzana ndi zinthu zamkuwa kapena zowononga, komanso sayenera kupakidwa, kukwapulidwa, kapena kuthandizidwa ndi malo akuthwa, osafanana.
3. Ngati mumasunga matayala m'malo amdima, owuma komanso ozizira, ndiye kuti kukalamba kwawo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mosiyana, ngati kusungirako kuli chinyezi ndipo pali kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, ndiye kuti kukalamba kumafulumira.
4. Matayala omwe amakonzedwa kuti akonzedwe ndi kubwerezanso ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikuumitsidwa.
5. Matayala amayenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kosapitirira 35 °C komanso osatsika kuposa 25 °C. Pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi gwero la kutentha, osachoka padzuwa lolunjika pachinyezi chochepera 80%.
6. Ngati matayala asungidwa panja, ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro chosawoneka bwino cha madzi ndi kukwezedwa pansi kuti pakhale mpweya wokwanira kuti madzi asapangike.
7. Ndizoletsedwa kusunga matayala pamtunda wonyowa, wonyezimira / wamafuta, petulo kapena woipitsidwa ndi mafuta.
8. Choncho sikoyenera kuwasunga pafupi ndi kutentha kapena pafupi ndi moto wotseguka.
9. Osasunga matayala pamalo owala (monga chipale chofewa, mchenga) kapena pamalo omwe amamva kutentha (monga phula wakuda).
10. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga matayala pafupi ndi galimoto yamagetsi kapena ndi magwero ena a ozone. Mulingo suyenera kupitilira 0,08 ppm.
11. Osasunga matayala pafupi ndi mankhwala, zosungunulira, mafuta, mafuta a makabohabohydrate, utoto, ma asidi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
12. Osagwiritsa ntchito njanji ngati malo ogwirira ntchito kapena poyika zida. Osayika ndudu yoyaka pa matayala.

Kuti mupeze mndandanda wathunthu wa malamulo ndi malingaliro osungira bwino matayala, onani nkhani yakuti "Momwe mungasungire mphira wamakina".

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya matayala ochokera kunja, monga: Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear ndi Dunlop amatha zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo kuyambira tsiku lopangidwa, nthawiyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Koma ambiri tsiku lotha ntchito ndi kusungidwa mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kuyambira tsiku la nkhani, matayala Continental sichidutsa zaka 5.

Ngakhale, monga tafotokozera kale, malo osungira matayala amatanthauza zambiri, osati zatsopano, komanso zomwe zinachotsedwa m'galimoto mpaka nyengo yotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lotha ntchito ya matayala a nokian kuyambira zaka 3-5, kutsimikiziridwa osachepera 1 nthawi pachaka, pambuyo pa zaka 5 ntchito.

Tsoka ilo, malamulowo sakhazikitsa nthawi zovomerezeka zosungiramo matayala m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu, koma akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti tayala lomwe lakhala pamenepo kwa zaka pafupifupi 5 likadali lofanana ndi latsopano.

Moyo wa matayala ndi ntchito

Kutalika kwa moyo wa matayala agalimoto - iyi ndi nthawi yomwe wopanga amapereka chitsimikizo cha matayala ndipo ali ndi udindo wonse pazovuta zilizonse zomwe zidzazindikiridwe panthawi ya ntchito yawo. Malinga ndi opanga, matayala amayenera kupitilira zaka khumi, ngakhale pochita amayenera kusinthidwa pafupifupi zaka 5-6 zilizonse, nthawi zina ngakhale zochepa.

zifukwa zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa rabara

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kuvala kwa matayala a makina, zazikuluzikulu zimaperekedwa pansipa:

1. Kuchokera pagalimoto ndi kunyamula kwake: ndi katundu wochuluka wotani womwe galimotoyo inganyamule komanso ngati matayala anu angathe kupirira (zimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa katundu). Chonde dziwani kuti kutengera gawo ili, pali mayendedwe ena a mtunda wa matayala apamsewu:
   • Kwa magalimoto okwera: kunyamula mpaka matani 2, mtunda wa makilomita 45.
   • Kwa magalimoto: kunyamula matani 2 mpaka 4, makilomita 60 zikwi.
   • Magalimoto onyamula matani oposa 4 - kuchokera ku 65 mpaka 70 makilomita zikwi.
2. Kutengera kukula kwa tayala. Matayala okhala ndi mbiri yotsika nthawi zambiri amapopera pa disc pamiyala, motero amatumikira mochepa. Ngati matayala ndi otakata, ndiye kuti kukangana kumawonjezeka pamene akumakona, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
3. Mayendedwe oyendetsa. Tayala limatha msanga ngati woyendetsa galimoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito brake yakuthwa kapena, m'malo mwake, imathandizira mwachangu.
4. Mkhalidwe wa msewuzomwe mumayendetsa tsiku lililonse.
5. Kuchokera patali, zomwe mumadutsa ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.
6. Ubwino wa matayala imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mphira wopangidwa ku China ndi waufupi, pamene mphira wochokera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino adzakhala nthawi yaitali. Amadziwika kuti moyo wautumiki wa rabara yaku China ndi pafupifupi nyengo ziwiri, ndipo mphira wokhala ndi dzina ukhoza kukhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Posankha matayala, muyenera kumvetsera kwa wopanga, chifukwa fakes nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pansi pa malonda odziwika bwino.
7. Zowonongeka zamakina osiyanasiyana, monga mabala, tokhala pambuyo zotsatira, deformation pambuyo mabuleki mwadzidzidzi, ngozi, etc.

Kenako, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane malangizo azinthu zina zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa ngati matayala amakina atavala.

Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti moyo wautumiki wa matayala a makina watha

Pozindikira matayala, kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti ndikofunikira kulabadira kuchuluka kwa kuvala, palinso zifukwa zina zofunika zomwe zikuwonetsa kutha kwa moyo wautumiki.

Kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe moyo wautumiki wa matayala amakina umatha pakuwunika mwatsatanetsatane, muyenera kulabadira mfundo izi:

1. Ngati inu mungazindikire izo matayala opondaponda mpaka kufika pa mlingo wa kulumpha pakati pa kupondaponda, zikutanthauza kuti tayala lafika kumapeto kwa moyo wake wothandiza. Mlingo wa kuvala ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi diso kapena mothandizidwa ndi zida. Kunja kwa matayala, palinso manambala okhala ndi kuya kosiyana, kotero mutha kudziwa mosavuta kuchuluka kwa kuvala. Kuti muyese kutalika kwa kupondaponda, mungagwiritse ntchito wolamulira ndi geji yapadera yakuya. Kwa matayala achilimwe, chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukhala chofanana ndi 1,6 mm, komanso matayala achisanu - oposa 4 mm. Ngati magawowa ndi ochepa, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha matayala. Pamene kuvala kuli kosagwirizana, ndiye kuti miyeso iyenera kutengedwa kumalo kumene kuvala kumawonekera kwambiri. Apo ayi, ngati m'mphepete mwake mwavala mbali imodzi yokha, ndiye kuti mbali ya camber-toe yaphwanyidwa.
2. Zing'onozing'ono kumbali pa matayala amasonyeza kukalamba kwa mphira ndi kuchenjeza za m'malo, pamene mabala ozama amafuna m'malo mwamsanga.
3. Ngati pali kutupa kumbali ya matayala - chophukacho, ndiye izi zikutanthauza kuti ulusi wa chingwe wosanjikiza wathyoka, pamenepa matayala ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, "zotupa" zoterezi zimatha kuwoneka mkati mwa gudumu, kotero muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndikuwunika nthawi.
4. ngati matayala kunja kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa gawo lapakati, ndiye izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti matayala analibe mphamvu yokwanira, ngati chirichonse chiri mosemphanitsa, iwo amawonongeka kwambiri pakati, ndipo pang'onopang'ono m'mphepete mwa kunja, ndiye pamenepo. Ndinapanikizika kwambiri.

Pamene chilema chilichonse chidadziwika mu matayala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita m'malo, osati kubwezeretsanso kupulumutsa, kuti muchedwetsenso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.

Kuti muwonjezere moyo wa matayala a makina, muyenera kuwazindikira nthawi ndi nthawi.

Momwe mungakulitsire moyo wa matayala

Kuti matayala anu akhale olimba, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena ogwiritsira ntchito:

1. Ngati palibe kutuluka kwa mpweya, muyenera kuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa tayala pakadutsa masabata 2-3 aliwonse. Izi ziyenera kuchitika chifukwa kuthamanga kwa matayala kosagwirizana kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mayendedwe osagwirizana. Ngati kupanikizika kwamkati kumachepetsedwa ndi 10%, ndiye kuti izi zingayambitse kuchepa kwa 10-15% mu moyo wa tayala. Ngati kupanikizika kwawonjezeka, ndiye kuti kuvala kumawonjezeka, koma 2 nthawi zochepa kuposa kuchepetsedwa.

2. Popeza pali nthawi zonse kuvala kwambiri kutsogolo (kuyendetsa) mawilo, ndiye nthawi 10-15. zikwi kapena panthawi yosintha matayala a nyengo, ndibwino kuti musinthe m'malo.

   Kusintha matayala akutsogolo kumbuyo

   Ndondomeko yololeza mawilo a makina 5

   Chonde dziwani kuti ngakhale pali matayala omwe ali ndi njira zowongolera komanso zosalozera, simungathe kusintha momwe gudumu limazungulira. Ndipo mu njira yachiwiri, mawilo akutsogolo ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso asanakhazikitsidwenso.

3. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati matayala ayikidwa molondola pokhudzana ndi ma nthiti, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pamphepete mwa matayala, izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa matayala akamazungulira mosiyana ndi mapangidwewo, ntchito zawo zonse zidzakhala. kuchepetsedwa kwambiri m'njira zonse zoyendetsera galimoto.

   Ndondomeko yosinthira matayala osalunjika

   Shift scheme yamagalimoto amtundu uliwonse

4. Ngati munagula matayala atsopano, ndiye choyamba, iwo ayenera kuthamanga mu 500 Km popewa kutembenuka lakuthwa, braking ndi mathamangitsidwe, ndiye matayala adzakhala nthawi yaitali ndipo adzakhala yoyenera.
5. Ndi bwino kugula ndi kukhazikitsa matayala pa mawilo onse kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo ndi chitsanzo chomwecho.
6. Tsatirani malamulo onse osungira matayala ochotsedwa.
7. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzitsuka dothi la matayala ndi zinthu zapadera zosamalira, ndikumvetsera kuti mutatha kutsuka zinthuzo sizikhalabe muzitsulo zopondera.
8. kuti musunge mawonekedwe awo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosamalira mwapadera: chowongolera matayala, chotsukira mpweya, chobwezeretsa mtundu wa matayala.
9. Ndikofunikira kupewa kuyandikira pafupi ndi malire kapena mizere ina, kuti musawononge mbali yopyapyala ya tayala.
10. Ngati mukuyenda ulendo wautali, ndi bwino kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa mkati mwa matayala, izi zidzapulumutsa mafuta ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwawo.
11. Yesetsani kukhala ndi njira yoyendetsera galimoto.
12. Palibe chifukwa chokweza makinawo, pakudzaza 20%, moyo wautumiki umachepetsedwa ndi 30%.
13. Pewani zopinga zakuthwa, chifukwa fractures ya matayala imatha kuthandizira kuwononga chingwe cha chingwe pansi pa kuponda.
14. Yang'anani momwe magudumu amayendera kamodzi pachaka. Komanso, opareshoni imeneyi iyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo kukonza zida chiwongolero, m'malo hinges, komanso pambuyo zotsatira amphamvu amene akhoza deform zinthu mu galimotoyo.
15. Tsatirani kusanja kwa gudumu, kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa 10000-15000 km kapena mutatha kukonza ndikuchotsa matayala.

Akatswiri amalangiza kuti nthawi zonse muziyang'ana momwe matayala anu alili, kuyang'anitsitsa kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa matayala. Pambuyo pake, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kukonza zowonongeka kumayambiriro koyambirira kusiyana ndi kusintha mphira onse pambuyo pake. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chisamaliro choyenera komanso chanthawi yake cha matayala ndi chitetezo chanu ndi chitsimikizo cha kulimba kwa mphira wanu.