Soviet heavy thanki T-10 gawo 1
The Object 267 thanki ndi chitsanzo cha T-10A lolemera thanki ndi D-25T mfuti.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, akasinja angapo olemera adapangidwa ku Soviet Union. Zina mwa izo zinali zopambana kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, IS-7) komanso zosakhazikika (mwachitsanzo, chinthu 279). Mosasamala kanthu za izi, pa February 18, 1949, Council of Ministers Resolution No. 701-270ss inasaina, malinga ndi zomwe matanki olemera amtsogolo sayenera kulemera matani oposa 50, omwe sanaphatikizepo pafupifupi magalimoto onse omwe adalengedwa kale. Izi zidalimbikitsidwa ndi kufunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja za njanji pamayendedwe awo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito milatho yambiri yamsewu.
Panalinso zifukwa zomwe sizinalengedwe poyera. Choyamba, iwo anali kufunafuna njira zochepetsera mtengo wa zida zankhondo, ndipo thanki yolemera kwambiri imawononga ndalama zambiri monga akasinja angapo apakati. Kachiwiri, amakhulupirira kuti pakakhala nkhondo ya nyukiliya, moyo wautumiki wa chida chilichonse, kuphatikizapo akasinja, udzakhala waufupi kwambiri. Chifukwa chake zinali bwino kukhala ndi akasinja ang'onoang'ono ndikubwezeretsanso zotayika zawo mwachangu kuposa kuyika ndalama mu akasinja angwiro, koma ochepa, olemera.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukana kwa akasinja olemera m'magulu amtsogolo a asilikali ankhondo sikukanakhoza kuchitika kwa akuluakulu. Chotsatira cha ichi chinali chitukuko cha m'badwo watsopano wa akasinja olemera, unyinji wosiyana pang'ono okha akasinja sing'anga. Kuwonjezera apo, kupita patsogolo kofulumira kwa zida zankhondo kwadzetsa mkhalidwe wosayembekezereka. Chabwino, ponena za kuthekera kwankhondo, akasinja apakatikati adagwidwa mwachangu ndi olemetsa. Anali ndi mfuti za 100 mm, koma ntchito inali mkati mwa 115 mm caliber ndi zipolopolo zothamanga kwambiri. Panthawiyi, akasinja olemera anali ndi mfuti za 122-130 mm, ndi kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti 152 mm kunasonyeza kuti n'zosatheka kuwaphatikiza ndi akasinja olemera matani 60.
Vutoli lathetsedwa m’njira ziwiri. Choyamba chinali kupanga mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha (masiku ano mawu akuti "magalimoto othandizira moto" angagwirizane ndi mapangidwe awa) ndi zida zamphamvu zankhondo zozungulira, koma zokhala ndi zida zochepa. Chachiwiri chikhoza kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoponya mivi, motsogozedwa komanso osayendetsedwa. Komabe, yankho loyamba silinakhutiritse ochita zisankho zankhondo, ndipo lachiwiri linali lovuta kuligwiritsa ntchito mwachangu pazifukwa zambiri.
Njira yokhayo inali kuchepetsa zofunikira za akasinja olemera, i.e. vomerezani kuti angopambana pang'ono kuposa akasinja aposachedwa. Chifukwa cha izi, zinakhala zotheka kugwiritsanso ntchito zomwe zikulonjeza za kutha kwa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito kupanga thanki yatsopano, yabwino kuposa IS-3 ndi IS-4. Matanki amitundu yonseyi adapangidwa pambuyo pa kutha kwa nkhondo, yoyamba mu 1945-46, yachiwiri mu 1947-49 ndipo idafotokozedwa m'nkhani yofalitsidwa mu "Wojsko i Technika Historia" No. 3/2019. Pafupifupi 3 IS-2300s anapangidwa, ndipo IS-4s 244 okha. Panthawiyi, kumapeto kwa nkhondo, Red Army inali ndi akasinja olemera 5300 ndi mfuti zolemera 2700 zodziyendetsa okha. Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa kupanga kwa IS-3 ndi IS-4 zinali zofanana - palibe amene adakwaniritsa zomwe amayembekeza.
Kumayambiriro kwa thanki ya T-10 ndi thanki yolemera ya IS-3.
Choncho, chifukwa cha chigamulo cha boma mu February 1949, ntchito inayamba pa thanki yomwe ingaphatikizepo ubwino wa IS-3 ndi IS-4, osati kutengera zolakwika za mapangidwe onse awiri. Ankayenera kutengera kapangidwe ka chiboliboli ndi turret kuchokera pamagetsi oyamba komanso ambiri kuchokera pa chachiwiri. Panalinso chifukwa china chomwe thanki sinamangidwe kuyambira pachiyambi: chinali chifukwa cha nthawi yolimba kwambiri.
Matanki atatu oyambirira amayenera kudutsa mayesero a boma mu August 1949, i.e. miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (!) Kuyambira pachiyambi cha mapangidwe. Magalimoto ena 10 amayenera kukhala okonzeka m'mwezi umodzi, ndondomekoyi inali yosatheka, ndipo ntchitoyo inakhala yovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha lingaliro lakuti gulu lochokera ku Ż lipange galimotoyo. Kotin wochokera ku Leningrad, ndipo kupanga kudzachitika pa chomera ku Chelyabinsk. Nthawi zambiri, mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa opanga ndi akatswiri aukadaulo omwe amagwira ntchito m'makampani omwewo ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera polojekiti mwachangu.
Pachifukwa ichi, kuyesa kunapangidwa kuti athetse vutoli mwa kupereka Kotin ndi gulu la akatswiri ku Chelyabinsk, komanso kutumiza kumeneko, komanso kuchokera ku Leningrad, gulu la akatswiri 41 ochokera ku VNII-100 Institute, lomwe linatsogoleredwa ndi Koti. Zifukwa za "kugawanika kwa ntchito" sizinafotokozedwe. Nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ndi kusauka kwa LKZ (Leningradskoye Kirovskoye), yomwe idayamba kuchira pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pakusamutsidwa pang'ono komanso zochitika zina za "njala" mumzinda wazingidwa. Panthawiyi, ChKZ (Chomera cha Chelyabinsk Kirov) chinali chodzaza ndi malamulo opangira, koma gulu lake lomanga linkaganiziridwa kuti silinali lokonzeka kumenyana kuposa la Leningrad.
Ntchito yatsopanoyi inapatsidwa "Chelyabinsk", i.e. nambala 7 - Chinthu 730, koma mwina chifukwa cha chitukuko pamodzi, IS-5 (ie Joseph Stalin-5) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzolemba, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pokhapokha thanki itayikidwa.
Kukonzekera koyambirira kunali kokonzeka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, makamaka chifukwa cha kufala kwa njira zokonzekera zokonzekera misonkhano ikuluikulu ndi misonkhano. Matanki awiri oyambirira anali kulandira bokosi la 6-liwiro kuchokera ku IS-4 ndi makina ozizira omwe ali ndi mafani oyendetsedwa ndi injini yaikulu. Komabe, opanga Leningrad sanathe kukana kuyambitsa njira zopangira IS-7 pamapangidwe a makinawo.
Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa anali amakono komanso odalirika, komanso amayesedwa pamayeso a IS-7. Choncho, thanki lachitatu amayenera kulandira 8-liwiro gearbox, mipiringidzo paketi torsion mu dongosolo depreciation, ndi ejector injini kuzirala dongosolo ndi katundu thandizo limagwirira. IS-4 inali ndi chassis yokhala ndi mawilo asanu ndi awiri a mawilo amsewu, injini, mafuta ndi ma brake system, ndi zina zambiri. Chombocho chinali chofanana ndi IS-3, koma chinali chachikulu, turret imakhalanso ndi voliyumu yayikulu mkati. Zida zazikulu - 25-mm D-122TA cannon yokhala ndi zida zapadera zonyamula - zinali zofanana ndi akasinja akale amitundu yonse iwiri. Zida zinali zozungulira 30.
Zida zowonjezera zinali mfuti ziwiri za 12,7 mm DShKM. Imodzi inayikidwa kumanja kwa chovala chamfuti ndipo idagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwombera pamalo osasunthika kuti atsimikizire kuti mfutiyo idayikidwa bwino ndipo chipolopolo choyamba chagunda chandamale. Mfuti yachiwiri yamakina inali anti-ndege yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a K-10T. Monga njira yolumikizirana, wailesi yanthawi zonse 10RT-26E ndi intercom TPU-47-2 idayikidwa.
Pa May 15, chitsanzo cha kukula kwa thanki chinaperekedwa ku komiti ya boma, pa May 18, zojambula za hull ndi turret zinasamutsidwa kubzala No. 200 ku Chelyabinsk, ndipo patapita masiku angapo kubzala No. ku Chelyabinsk. Izhora chomera ku Leningrad. Malo opangira magetsi panthawiyo adayesedwa pa IS-4s ziwiri zosatulutsidwa - pofika Julayi anali atayenda mtunda wopitilira 2000 km. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti magulu awiri oyamba a "zinyama zankhondo", i.e. mabwalo ndi ma turrets adaperekedwa ku chomera mochedwa, koyambirira kwa Ogasiti 9, ndipo panalibe injini za W12-5, makina oziziritsa ndi zinthu zina. zigawo kwa iwo mulimonse. M'mbuyomu, injini za W12 zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pa akasinja a IS-4.
Injiniyo inali yamakono ya W-2 yodziwika bwino komanso yotsimikiziridwa, i.e. yendetsa sing'anga thanki T-34. Mapangidwe ake, kukula kwake ndi kukwapula kwa silinda, mphamvu, ndi zina zotero, zasungidwa.Kusiyana kwakukulu kunali kugwiritsa ntchito AM42K mechanical compressor, yomwe imapereka injini ndi mpweya pa mphamvu ya 0,15 MPa. Mafuta anali malita 460 mu akasinja mkati ndi malita 300 mu akasinja awiri ngodya kunja, anaika mpaka kalekale ku aft mbali ya hull monga kupitiriza zida mbali. Kutalika kwa thanki kumayenera kukhala kuchokera ku 120 mpaka 200 km, kutengera pamwamba.
Chotsatira chake, chitsanzo choyamba cha thanki yatsopano yolemetsa chinali chokonzeka pa September 14, 1949, chomwe ndi zotsatira zochititsa chidwi, chifukwa ntchitoyo inayamba kuyambira pachiyambi pakati pa February, inatenga miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yokha.
Kuyesa kwa fakitale kudayamba pa 22 Seputembala koma kudayenera kusiyidwa mwachangu chifukwa kugwedezeka kwa fuselage kudapangitsa kuti matanki amafuta amkati a ndege aphwanyike motsatira ma welds. Pambuyo pa kutembenuzidwa kukhala chitsulo, mayeserowo anayambiranso, koma kupumula kwina kunayambika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ma drive onse omaliza, ma shafts akuluakulu omwe adasanduka ang'onoang'ono ndi opindika komanso opotoka pansi pa katundu. Onse thanki anaphimba 1012 Km ndipo anatumizidwa kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso, ngakhale mtunda amayenera kukhala osachepera 2000 Km.
Mofananamo, panali zoperekera zigawo za akasinja ena 11, koma nthawi zambiri zinali zosalongosoka. Mwachitsanzo, mwa 13 ma turret castings operekedwa ndi Plant No. 200, atatu okha anali oyenera kukonzedwanso.
Kuti apulumutse zinthu, ma seti awiri a ma gearbox a mapulaneti othamanga asanu ndi atatu ndi zomangira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa adatumizidwa kuchokera ku Leningrad, ngakhale adapangidwira injini ya IS-7 yokhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi kawiri. Pa October 15, Stalin anasaina lamulo latsopano la boma pa chinthu 730. Analandira chiwerengero cha 701-270ss ndipo anapereka kuti akatsirize akasinja awiri oyambirira pa November 25, ndi kutsiriza kwa mayesero awo a fakitale ndi January 1, 1950. Pa Disembala 10, bwalo limodzi ndi turret zidayenera kuyesedwa kuwombera. Pofika pa Epulo 7, akasinja ena atatu adayenera kukonzedwa ndikuwongolera motengera zotsatira za mayeso a fakitale, ndipo adayenera kuyesedwa ndi boma.
Pofika pa June 7, poganizira mayeso a boma, akasinja ena 10 omwe amatchedwa. mayesero ankhondo. Tsiku lomaliza linali losamveka kotheratu: zingatenge masiku 10 kuti ayese mayeso a boma, kusanthula zotsatira zawo, kukonza mapangidwe ndi kupanga akasinja 90! Panthawiyi, mayesero a boma nthawi zambiri amatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi!
Monga nthawi zonse, tsiku lomaliza lokha lidakumana ndi zovuta: ma prototypes awiri okhala ndi manambala a 909A311 ndi 909A312 anali okonzeka pa Novembara 16, 1949. Kuyesa kwa mafakitale kunawonetsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka: ngakhale kutengera zida zothamangira za serial IS-4 tank, ma hydraulic shock absorbers a mawilo othamanga, ma silinda a hydraulic a rocker arms, ndipo ngakhale malo othamanga a mawilowo adagwa mwachangu! Komano, injini ntchito bwino ndipo, popanda kulephera kwambiri, anapereka magalimoto ndi mtunda wa 3000 ndi 2200 Km, motero. Mwachangu, mawilo atsopano othamanga adapangidwa ndi zitsulo za 27STT ndi L36 zitsulo zoponyera m'malo mwa L30 yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Ntchito yayambanso pa mawilo okhala ndi mayamwidwe odabwitsa mkati.
