M'lifupi mwa njira yonyamulira - mbali zazikulu
Zamkatimu
Kuyendetsa galimoto ndi sayansi yonse, yomwe ili ndi malamulo ake. M'nkhaniyi, tiona tanthauzo la galimoto mu SDA, kudziwa m'lifupi mwake ndi magawo ena.
Zinthu zoyambira pamsewu - malingaliro osavuta
Choncho, msewu umatchedwa msewu, womwe umapangidwira kuyenda kwa magalimoto. Itha kukhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: njira imodzi kapena zingapo zonyamulira, misewu yam'mbali, mayendedwe apamtunda, mayendedwe olekanitsa ndi mapewa.
Msewuwu ndi wodziwika bwino kwa anthu onse okhala mumzinda, ndipo ndiye amene nthawi zambiri amakangana ndi madalaivala omwe amayesetsa kuyimitsa malo oti anthu oyenda pansi azikhala. Kawirikawiri amasiyanitsidwa ndi msewu mothandizidwa ndi udzu, zitsamba, mitengo, curbs. Komabe, miyeso ya magalimoto amakono imatha kuthana ndi zopinga zambiri izi. Mbali imeneyi ya mseu imatengedwa kuti ndi yosafunikira, chifukwa palibe khwalala m'misewu kunja kwa malo okhala.
Chotsatira chamsewu ndi ma tram. Iwo salinso gawo lovomerezeka la msewu. Pakalipano, akatswiri akukamba za kuthetsa zotheka kwa trams. Amaonedwa kuti ndi opanda chuma. Monga mwambi umati, akatswiri "amakhuwa", apaulendo amapita patsogolo.
Msewu wa pamsewu, womwe ntchito yake ndikusiyanitsa pakati pa magalimoto oyandikana nawo, amatchedwa mzere wogawanika. Zizindikiro zapamsewuzi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamayendedwe apamsewu ndipo zimathandizira kuwongolera magalimoto ndikuwonetsetsa kuyendetsa bwino. Ponena za m'mphepete mwake, imalumikizana ndi njira yonyamulira ndipo ndiyofunikira kuyimitsa kapena kuyimitsa mayendedwe.
Kodi msewu ungaphatikizepo bwanji?
Popeza taphunzira malamulo apamsewu, tiyeni tipite ku funso la kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe apamsewu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugawa mizere ndikofunikira kwambiri pano. Ndiwo amene amagawa misewu kukhala makonde. Kwenikweni, msewuwu umagawidwa m'madera awiri apamsewu. Cholinga cha kulekanitsa uku ndikuwonjezera chitetezo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamsewu. Koma pali misewu yambiri yogawidwa m'njira zinayi zamagalimoto.
Pachifukwa ichi, misewu iwiri yapakati imatengedwa ngati msewu waukulu, ndipo kuyimitsa magalimoto, kuyimitsa ndi njira zina zimachitidwa pambali. Msewu womwewo wagawidwa m'njira ziwiri. Izi ndizofunikira pakudutsa galimoto ndi magalimoto odutsa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti, kuwonjezera pa magalimoto, njinga zamoto, oyendetsa njinga ndi oyenda pansi amathanso kuyendayenda m'derali (ngati palibe msewu ndi njinga pafupi).
Kuchuluka kwa njira yonyamula katundu mu SDA
Choncho, poganizira zinthu zinayi za msewu, tiyeni tipite ku chachisanu ndi chofunikira kwambiri, malinga ndi malamulo apamsewu - msewu. Mbali imeneyi ya msewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto. Mwachidule, popanda izo sipangakhale msewu wokha. Madalaivala ambiri amasokoneza msewu ndi wapagalimoto. Amakhulupirira kuti msewuwu ndi kachidutswa komwe kakutidwa ndi phula.
Monga tadziwira kale, njira iyi imatchedwa njira yonyamula katundu, ndipo msewuwu uli ndi lingaliro lalikulu, lomwe limaphatikizapo zinthu zina.
Kodi msewu wonyamulira uyenera kukhala waukulu bwanji? Kodi pali zosankha zilizonse? Inde alipo. Ndipotu, zimadalira gulu la msewu womwewo. Kutanthauzira kwa m'lifupi kumakhazikitsidwa ndi machitidwe a SNiP. Choncho, m'midzi adzakhala kuchokera 2,75 mamita mpaka 4 mamita. Pakhoza kukhala zosiyana, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa misewu m'mbiri yakale ya mzindawo, chifukwa cha malingaliro achikale okhudza m'lifupi ndi cholinga chawo. Malamulo amisewu ya kunja kwa malo omangidwa ndi awa:
- kuchokera ku 3,75 mamita pamagalimoto a magulu 1 ndi 2;
- 3,50 mamita pagulu 3;
- 3 mita - 4 gulu.
