Asilikali achi Romania pankhondo ya Odessa mu 1941.

Pokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ku Southern Front, Soviet Supreme High Command inaganiza zochoka ku Odessa kuti agwiritse ntchito asilikali omwe ali kumeneko kuti alimbikitse chitetezo cha Crimea ndi Sevastopol. Pachithunzichi: asilikali a ku Romania alowa mumzinda.

Pamene kuukira kwa Germany ku Soviet Union kunayamba pa June 22, 1941 (Operation Barbarossa), imodzi mwa magulu ankhondo ogwirizana omwe, pamodzi ndi Wehrmacht, adasamukira ku USSR, anali asilikali a Romania.

Mu September 1939, dziko la Romania silinaloŵerere m’nkhondo pamene Germany ndi Soviet Union inagonjetsa Poland. Komabe, Germany idagonjetsa dziko lino pang'onopang'ono pazachuma komanso ndale, pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo laku Romania la Iron Guard lotsogozedwa ndi Horia Sim, loyang'ana mwachimbulimbuli ku Reich Yachitatu ndi mtsogoleri wawo Adolf Hitler. Zochita za Germany zidapeza malo achonde pomwe dziko la Romania lidayamba kuopsezedwa ndi Soviet Union. Boma la USSR, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za Pangano la Ribbentrop-Molotov la August 1939, linakakamiza Romania kusamutsa Bessarabia ndi Northern Bukovina mu June 1940. Mu July, Romania inachoka ku League of Nations. Kuwonongeka kwina kwa dzikolo kunachitidwa ndi ogwirizana nawo amtsogolo pamene Germany ndi Italy zinachirikiza ndondomeko ya Hungary, kukakamiza boma la Romania kupereka gawo lina la gawo la Romania ku Hungary. Monga gawo la Arbitration ya Vienna pa Ogasiti 30, 1940, Maramures, Krishna ndi kumpoto kwa Transylvania (43 km²) adasamutsidwa ku Hungary. Mu Seputembala, Romania idapereka Southern Dobruja ku Bulgaria. Mfumu Charles II sinapulumutse boma la Prime Minister J. Gigurt ndipo pa September 500, 4, General Ion Antonescu anakhala mtsogoleri wa boma, ndipo Horia Sima anakhala wachiŵiri kwa nduna yaikulu. Pokakamizidwa ndi boma latsopanolo komanso malingaliro a anthu, mfumuyo inakana m'malo mwa mwana wake Michael I. Pa November 1940, Romania inagwirizana ndi Pangano la Anti-Comintern Pact ndipo inakana chitsimikiziro cha Britain, chomwe chinali chinyengo. Iron Guard anali kukonzekera kulanda boma kuti alande mphamvu zonse. Chiwembucho chinadziwika, ochita chiwembuwo anamangidwa kapena, monga Horia Sima, anathawira ku Germany. Nkhondo zokhazikika zidachitika pakati pa gulu lankhondo la Romania ndi magulu ankhondo; Anthu 23 anafa, kuphatikizapo asilikali 2500. Iron Guard idachotsedwa pampando mu Januwale 490, koma othandizira ake ndi mamembala ake sanathe ndipo adathandizidwabe, makamaka m'gulu lankhondo. Panali kukonzanso kwa boma, motsogoleredwa ndi General Antonescu, yemwe adatenga mutu wa "Conducator" - mkulu wa dziko la Romania.

Pa Seputembala 17, 1940, Antonescu anapempha kuti amuthandize kukonzanso ndi kuphunzitsa asilikali a ku Germany. Gulu lankhondo la Germany linafika mwalamulo pa 12 October; munali anthu 22, kuphatikizapo asilikali 430. Zina mwa izo zinali zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege, zomwe zinatumizidwa makamaka ku minda ya mafuta ku Ploiesti ndi ntchito yowateteza ku ndege za British British. Magawo oyamba a Wehrmacht adafika atangomaliza mayunitsi ophunzitsira komanso akatswiri amishoni zankhondo. Gawo la 17 la Panzer liyeneranso kuteteza minda yamafuta. Gawo la 561 la Panzer linafika pakati pa December 13, ndipo m'chaka cha 6, kusamutsidwa kwa mbali za 1940th Army kupita ku gawo la Romania kunatha. Awiri mwa magawo atatu a asilikali a German 1941, omwe anapangidwa ku Romania, anali ndi magulu ankhondo ndi apakavalo aku Romania. Chotero, magulu ankhondo a Allied anapanga mbali yofunika kwambiri ya Gulu Lankhondo Lakum’mwera, mosasamala kanthu za malingaliro oipa operekedwa ndi Hitler pa March 11, 11 pamsonkhano ndi akazembe: Aromani ali aulesi, achinyengo; uku ndikovunda kwamakhalidwe. (…) magulu awo ankhondo ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mitsinje ikuluikulu ikuwalekanitsa kunkhondo, koma ngakhale pamenepo iwo ngosadalilika.

Mu theka loyamba la May 1941, Hitler ndi Antonescu anakumana kachitatu pamaso pa Joachim von Ribbentrop, Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Germany. Malinga ndi nkhani ya mtsogoleri wa ku Romania mu 1946, kunali pamsonkhanowu pamene tinagwirizana kuti tiukire Soviet Union. Hitler analengeza kuti akamaliza kukonzekera, ntchitoyo inali kuyamba mwadzidzidzi m'malire onse kuchokera ku Black Sea kupita ku Nyanja ya Baltic. Romania amayenera kubwerera madera anataya USSR ndi kupeza ufulu kulamulira madera mpaka Dnieper.

Asilikali aku Romania madzulo a nkhondo

Pa nthawiyo, kukonzekera kwa asilikali a ku Romania kuukira kunali kutapita kale. Motsogozedwa ndi Ajeremani anaphunzitsidwa magawo atatu oyenda pansi, omwe anali oti akhale chitsanzo kwa ena onse, ndipo gawo la thanki linayamba kupanga. Dziko la Romania linayambanso kupatsa asilikali ankhondo zida zamakono, makamaka za ku France zimene anagwidwa. Komabe, poganizira za kukonzekera zankhondo zofunika kwambiri, chofunikira kwambiri chinali kulamula kuti awonjezere gulu lankhondo kuchokera kumagulu 26 mpaka 40. Chisonkhezero chomakula cha Chijeremani chinawonekeranso m’makonzedwe a gulu lankhondo; izi zikuwoneka bwino mu kugawa. Anaphatikizanso magulu atatu ankhondo, zida ziwiri zankhondo (mfuti za 52 75-mm ndi 100-mm howitzers), gulu lozindikira (lomwe lili ndi makina), gulu la oyendetsa ndege ndi mauthenga. Gululo linali ndi asilikali ndi akapitawo okwana 17. Gulu la ana oyenda pansi limatha kuchita bwino ntchito zodzitchinjiriza ndi magulu atatu ankhondo (makampani atatu oyenda oyenda pansi, kampani yamfuti yamakina, gulu la apakavalo, ndi kampani yothandizira yokhala ndi mfuti zisanu ndi imodzi za 500-mm). Kampani yolimbana ndi akasinja inali ndi mfuti 37 12-mm. Magulu anayi amapiri (omwe adasinthidwa kukhala magawano) adapangidwanso kuti apange magulu amapiri opangidwa kuti amenyane m'mikhalidwe yovuta yachisanu m'mapiri. Magulu ankhondo 47 mpaka 1 amadziphunzitsa okha, pomwe magulu ankhondo 24 mpaka 25 amaphunzitsidwa masewera otsetsereka otsetsereka. The phiri brigade (26 maofesala ndi amuna) inkakhala ndi magulu awiri ankhondo atatu phiri mfuti regiments ndi reconnaissance battalion, analimbikitsidwa kwa kanthawi ndi zida zankhondo (12 phiri mfuti 24 mm ndi 75 mm howitzers ndi 100 odana tanki mfuti 12 mm). , pogwiritsa ntchito mapaketi.

Asilikali okwera pamahatchiwo anali ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu, ndipo anapanga gulu la asilikali okwera pamahatchi asanu ndi limodzi. Gawo la magulu 25 okwera pamahatchi adalumikizidwa kumagulu ozindikira a magulu ankhondo. Magulu asanu ndi limodzi okwera pamahatchi adakonzedwa: 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 ndi 9 okwera pamahatchi, opangidwa ndi eni nthaka olemera omwe anakakamizika kumvera gulu ndi ... akavalo awo. Mu 1941, asilikali apakavalo (6500 maofesala ndi amuna) inkakhala Regiments awiri apakavalo, Regiment galimoto, asilikali ozindikira, asilikali Regiment, odana akasinja ndi mfuti 47 mm, ndi kampani sapper.