British Strategic Aviation mpaka 1945 Gawo 1
Mtundu woyamba wa Wellington - Mk IA. Oponya mabombawa adalandidwa malo owombera ndege, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwankhanza ndi oyendetsa ndege aku Germany panthawi yankhondo yagalu kumapeto kwa 1939.
Kupangidwa kwa ndege zankhondo zaku Britain kudali motsogozedwa ndi malingaliro ofunitsitsa kuthetsa mkanganowo mwaokha ndikuthetsa vuto lankhondo. Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse sinalole kuti malingaliro olimba mtima awa ayesedwe, kotero m'zaka zapakati pa nkhondo ndi nkhondo yotsatira yapadziko lonse, amasomphenya ndi "barons" a ndege zamakono nthawi zonse amayesa kutsimikizira kuti anali chida chotsogolera ndi mphamvu zosintha. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mbiri ya ntchito zazikuluzikuluzi.
Mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko I, kuyendetsa ndege kunakhala mtundu watsopano wankhondo. Zaka zoposa khumi zidadutsa kuchokera paulendo woyamba wopambana wa abale a Wright mpaka kuyambika kwa nkhondo, ndipo zaka zitatu kuchokera pomwe bombardment yoyamba idaphulitsidwa ndi Gulu Lankhondo laku Italy pankhondo ya Italo-Turkish mu 1911. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti ndege, ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndi kusinthasintha, ziyenera kukhala zosangalatsa kwa akatswiri ndi owona masomphenya, omwe pafupifupi kuyambira pachiyambi adapanga mapulani olimba mtima kwambiri - ndi asilikali omwe, omwe amayembekezera zochepa kuchokera ku ndege ndi apainiya oyendetsa ndege. Koma tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi.
Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse: magwero ndi magwero a chiphunzitsocho
Bomba loyamba la RAF, lomwe ndi Royal Naval Air Service, lidachitika pa Okutobala 8, 1914, pomwe magalimoto onyamuka kuchokera ku Antwerp adaphulitsa bwino ma hangars aku Germany ku Düsseldorf ndi bomba la Hales '20-pounds. Tingaganize kuti anali woyamba ntchito njira mpweya, chifukwa sanali umalimbana asilikali pa bwalo la nkhondo, koma njira posamutsa nkhondo pa mtima wa gawo mdani. Panalibe mabomba oyendetsa mabomba panthawiyo - chikhalidwe cha ndegecho chinatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito, osati ndi zipangizo; mabomba anagwetsedwa pamanja ndi "diso", popeza panalibe mabomba. Komabe, kale pa gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha ndege zankhondo, anthu wamba anali kulawa kumenyedwa mpweya, ndipo ngakhale airships German ndi ndege, amene sporadically anaonekera pa England mu January 1915, sizinawononge kwambiri chuma, zotsatira za makhalidwe abwino. zinali zazikulu komanso zosayerekezeka ndi kuwonongeka. Komabe, zimenezi n’zosadabwitsa. Kugwa kuchokera mumlengalenga, komwe kungathe kudabwitsa munthu ngakhale pabedi lake lomwe likuwoneka kuti ndi lotetezeka, chinali chodabwitsa chatsopano m'gulu lomwe linaleredwa ndi mzimu wa nkhondo ya njonda; zotsatira zake zidakulitsidwa ndi kusasinthika kwathunthu kwa zochitika zotere - aliyense, ngakhale mfumu, amatha kugwidwa, komanso kusagwira ntchito koyambirira kwa njira zodzitetezera. Chakumapeto kwa kasupe wa 1917, magulu a mabomba a ku Germany anayamba kuonekera masana ngakhale ku London komweko, ndipo zoyesayesa za omenyera nkhondo poyamba zinali zopanda phindu - mwachitsanzo, pa June 13, 1917, kutsutsa kuukira kwa ndege 21 ku Gotha. 14 yomwe inapita ku likulu, inanyamula ndege 92 zomwe zinalephera 1. Anthu anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo akuluakulu a ku Britain anayenera kuyankha. Magulu a chitetezo adakonzedwanso ndi kulimbikitsidwa, zomwe zinakakamiza Ajeremani kuti apite kumenyana ndi ndege usiku, ndipo adapatsidwa ntchito yopanga gulu lawo lamlengalenga la chikhalidwe chofanana kuti liwononge ku Germany mafakitale; Kufuna kubwezera kunathandizanso kwambiri pano.
Zonsezi ziyenera kuti zinagwira malingaliro; Anthu a ku Britain anadzionera okha kuti njira yatsopanoyi yankhondo inali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu - ngakhale maulendo ang'onoang'ono a mabomba kapena maulendo apandege a ndege adayambitsa kulengeza kwa ndege, kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito m'mafakitale, nkhawa yaikulu ya anthu, ndipo nthawi zina zakuthupi. zotayika. Kuwonjezera pa izi chinali chikhumbo chofuna kuthetsa mkangano mu Nkhondo ya Trench, yomwe inali yatsopano ndi yodabwitsa; iwo analimbikitsidwa ndi kusowa thandizo kwa akuluakulu a asilikali apansi, omwe kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu sakanatha kusintha chikhalidwe cha nkhondoyi. Air Force, titero, idapereka njira yosinthira pazochitika izi - kugonjetsa mdani osati kuchotsa "antchito" ake, koma pogwiritsa ntchito malo opangira mafakitale omwe amamupanga ndikumupatsa njira zomenyera nkhondo. Kuwunika kwa lingaliroli kunavumbula chinthu china chosapeŵeka chokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndege - nkhani ya mantha amlengalenga ndi zotsatira zake pa khalidwe la anthu wamba, omwe ankagwira ntchito modzipereka komanso ndi ntchito yowonjezereka m'dziko lawo kuti alole asilikali kuti apitirize kumenyana. mizere yakutsogolo. Ngakhale kuti mbali zonse ziwiri za mkanganowo nthawi zonse zinkanena kuti zolinga za ndege zawo pa dziko la adani zinali zolinga zankhondo zokha, mwachizolowezi aliyense ankadziwa za zotsatira za kuphulika kwa mabomba pa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
