Kumasulira zithunzi pa dashboard
madalaivala amachenjezedwa za kukhalapo kwa kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana agalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi pazida za zida. Sizingatheke nthawi zonse kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la zithunzi zoyaka ngati izi, chifukwa si madalaivala onse omwe amadziwa bwino magalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe azithunzi athunthu amatha kukhala osiyana. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti si kuwala kulikonse pa gululo kumangodziwitsa za kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Chiwonetsero cha mababu pansi pazithunzi chimagawidwa ndi mitundu m'magulu atatu:
Zithunzi zofiira amalankhula za ngozi, ndipo ngati chizindikiro chilichonse chikuwala mumtundu uwu, muyenera kulabadira chizindikiro chapakompyuta chomwe chili pa bolodi kuti muchitepo kanthu kuti mukonze kuwonongeka. Nthawi zina iwo sali ovuta kwambiri, ndipo n'zotheka kupitiriza kuyendetsa galimoto pamene chizindikiro choterechi chili pa gulu, ndipo nthawi zina sichiyenera.
Zizindikiro za dashboard zoyambira
Zizindikiro zachikasu chenjezani za kuwonongeka kapena kufunikira kochitapo kanthu kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kuithandizira.
Mababu obiriwira dziwitsani za ntchito zamagalimoto ndi ntchito zawo.
Tiyeni tipereke mndandanda wa mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi komanso kulongosola zomwe chithunzi choyaka pagawo chimatanthauza.
Zizindikiro zazidziwitso
chizindikiro chagalimoto ikhoza kuyatsa mosiyana, zimachitika kuti chizindikiro cha "galimoto yokhala ndi wrench", chizindikiro cha "galimoto yokhala ndi loko" kapena chizindikiro chofuula. Pamatchulidwe awa onse motsatana:
Chizindikiro chotere chikachitika (galimoto yokhala ndi key), ndiye amadziwitsa za kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa injini yoyaka mkati (nthawi zambiri kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa sensa iliyonse) kapena gawo lamagetsi la kufalitsa. kuti mudziwe chifukwa chenichenicho, padzakhala koyenera kuchita diagnostics.
Kuwala galimoto yofiyira yokhala ndi loko, zikutanthauza kuti panali mavuto pakugwira ntchito kwa machitidwe odana ndi kuba, nthawi zambiri chizindikiro choterocho chimatanthauza kuti galimoto sichiwona fungulo la immobilizer ndipo sikungatheke kuyambitsa galimoto, koma ngati chithunzichi chikuwombera pamene galimoto chatsekedwa, ndiye zonse ndi zachilendo - galimoto yatsekedwa.
Yellow chizindikiro chagalimoto chokweza imadziwitsa woyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi hybrid ICE za kuwonongeka kwa galimoto yamagetsi. Kukhazikitsanso cholakwikacho pogwetsa batire sikungathetse vutoli - kuwunika ndikofunikira.
Tsegulani chizindikiro cha chitseko aliyense amazoloŵera kuziwona zikuyaka pamene chitseko kapena chivindikiro cha thunthu chatseguka, koma ngati zitseko zonse zatsekedwa, ndipo kuwala ndi khomo limodzi kapena anayi akupitiriza kuwala, ndiye nthawi zambiri vuto liyenera kuyang'ana pa ma switches khomo malire ( mawaya contacts).
Chizindikiro chamsewu woterera imayamba kung'anima pomwe dongosolo lowongolera lokhazikika limazindikira gawo loterera lamsewu ndikuyatsidwa kuti lisagwedezeke pochepetsa mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati ndikuphwanya gudumu loterera. Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa zinthu ngati zimenezi. Koma pamene makiyi, makona atatu kapena chithunzi chodutsa chikuwonekera pafupi ndi chizindikiro choterocho, ndiye kuti dongosolo lokhazikika ndilolakwika.
Wrench chizindikiro imatuluka pa boardboard ikafika nthawi yoyendetsa galimoto. Ndichizindikiro chazidziwitso ndipo pambuyo pokonza chimakhazikitsidwanso.
Zizindikiro zochenjeza pagawo
Chizindikiro chowongolera imatha kuyatsa mumitundu iwiri. Ngati chiwongolero chachikasu chikuyaka, ndiye kuti kusinthika kumafunika, ndipo chithunzi chofiira cha chiwongolero chokhala ndi chiwongolero chikuwonekera, ndikofunikira kale kudandaula za kulephera kwa chiwongolero chamagetsi kapena dongosolo la EUR. Pamene chiwongolero chofiyira chayatsidwa, chiwongolero chanu chingakhale chovuta kwambiri kuchitembenuza.
Chizindikiro cha Immobilizer, nthawi zambiri imathwanima makina akatsekedwa; Pankhaniyi, chizindikiro cha galimoto yofiira yokhala ndi kiyi yoyera imasonyeza ntchito ya anti-kuba. Koma pali zifukwa zazikulu za 3 ngati kuwala kwa immo kumakhala kosalekeza: immobilizer sichimatsegulidwa, ngati chizindikiro chochokera ku fungulo sichinawerengedwe kapena njira yotsutsa kuba ndiyolakwika.
Chizindikiro cha handbrake kuyatsa osati kokha pamene lever ya handbrake yatsegulidwa (kukweza), komanso pamene ma brake pads atha kapena mabuleki amadzimadzi akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa / kusinthidwa. Pagalimoto yokhala ndi handbrake yamagetsi, nyali yoyimitsa magalimoto imatha kuyatsa chifukwa cha glitch mu switch switch kapena sensor.
Chizindikiro choziziritsa ili ndi zosankha zingapo ndipo, kutengera ndi yomwe ili, ganizirani za vutolo moyenerera. Nyali imodzi yofiyira yokhala ndi sikelo ya thermometer imasonyeza kutentha kowonjezereka mu makina oziziritsira injini yoyaka mkati, koma thanki yokulirapo yachikasu yokhala ndi mafunde imasonyeza kuzizira kochepa mu dongosolo. Koma m'pofunika kuganizira kuti nyali yozizira sizimayaka nthawi zonse pamlingo wochepa, mwina "glitch" ya sensa kapena kuyandama mu thanki yowonjezera.
Washer chizindikiro amasonyeza mlingo wochepa wa madzimadzi mu thanki yowonjezera ya makina ochapira magalasi. Chizindikiro choterocho sichimawunikira pokhapokha pamene mulingo umatsikira, komanso ngati sensa ya mulingo yatsekeka (zolumikizana ndi sensa zimakutidwa ndi zokutira chifukwa chamadzi osakhala bwino), kupereka chizindikiro chabodza. Pamagalimoto ena, sensa ya mulingo imayambika pamene kufotokozera kwamadzi mu washer sikunakwaniritsidwe.
Chithunzi cha ASR Ndi chizindikiro cha Anti-Spin Regulation. Chigawo chamagetsi cha dongosololi chikuphatikizidwa ndi masensa a ABS. Kuwala kotereku kumakhala koyaka nthawi zonse, zikutanthauza kuti ASR sikugwira ntchito. Pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana, chithunzi choterechi chimatha kuwoneka mosiyana, koma nthawi zambiri chimakhala ngati chizindikiritso cha makona atatu okhala ndi muvi mozungulira kapena cholembera chokha, kapena ngati cholembera panjira yoterera.
Chizindikiro cha Catalyst Nthawi zambiri zimawunikira chinthu chothandizira chikatenthedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimatsagana ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya ICE. Kutentha kotereku kungachitike osati chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa maselo, komanso ngati pali zovuta panjira yoyatsira. Pamene chothandizira chikulephera, ndiye kuti mafuta ambiri adzawonjezeredwa ku babu yoyaka.
Chizindikiro cha gasi wotulutsa mpweya malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa m'bukuli, zikutanthauza kuwonongeka kwa makina oyeretsera gasi, koma, kawirikawiri, kuwala kotereku kumayamba kuyaka pambuyo poyendetsa bwino kapena kulakwitsa kwa lambda probe sensor. Dongosololi limalembetsa kusokonezeka kwa chisakanizocho, chifukwa chomwe zinthu zovulaza mu mpweya wotulutsa zimawonjezeka ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuwala kwa "mpweya wotulutsa mpweya" kumayatsa pa dashboard. Vutoli si lalikulu, koma matenda ayenera kupangidwa kuti adziwe chifukwa chake.
Kuwonongeka kwa malipoti
Chizindikiro cha batri kuyatsa ngati voteji mumchenga pa bolodi akutsikira, nthawi zambiri vuto lotere limalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa batire kuchokera ku jenereta, kotero imatha kutchedwanso "chithunzi cha jenereta". Pamagalimoto okhala ndi ICE wosakanizidwa, chizindikirochi chikuphatikizidwa ndi mawu akuti "MAIN" pansi.
Mafuta chizindikiro, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mafuta ofiira - imasonyeza kutsika kwa mafuta mu injini yoyaka mkati mwa galimoto. Chizindikiro choterechi chimayaka injini ikayamba, ndipo sichizimitsa pakatha masekondi angapo kapena imatha kuyatsa poyendetsa. Izi zikuwonetsa zovuta zamakina opaka mafuta kapena kutsika kwamafuta kapena kupanikizika. Chizindikiro chamafuta pagululi chikhoza kukhala ndi dontho kapena mafunde pansi, pamagalimoto ena chizindikirocho chimaphatikizidwa ndi min, senso, mulingo wamafuta (zolemba zachikasu) kapena zilembo L ndi H (zolemba zotsika komanso zapamwamba). mafuta ochepa).
Chizindikiro cha pilo akhoza kuunikira m'njira zingapo: zonse zolembedwa zofiira SRS ndi AIRBAG, ndi "mwamuna wofiira atavala lamba", ndi kutsogolo kwake bwalo. Chimodzi mwazithunzi za airbag chikayatsidwa pa gululo, iyi ndi kompyuta yomwe ili pa bolodi yomwe ikukudziwitsani za kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chokhazikika, ndipo pakachitika ngozi, ma airbags sagwira ntchito. Zifukwa zomwe chizindikiro cha pilo chimayatsa, komanso momwe mungakonzere kuwonongeka, werengani nkhaniyi patsamba.
Chizindikiro chachidziwitso zikhoza kuwoneka mosiyana ndipo matanthauzo ake, motero, adzakhalanso osiyana. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, pamene kuwala kofiira (!) Kuwala kuli mu bwalo, izi zimasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la brake ndipo ndibwino kuti musapitirize kuyendetsa galimoto mpaka chifukwa chake chikuwonekera bwino. Zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri: brake yamanja imakwezedwa, ma brake pads atha, kapena ma brake fluid atsika. Kutsika kumakhala kowopsa, chifukwa chifukwa chake sichingakhale pamapadi ovala kwambiri, chifukwa chake, mukamakanikizira chopondapo, madziwo amadutsa mudongosolo, ndipo kuyandama kumapereka chizindikiro chotsika, payipi ya brake ikhoza kuwonongeka kwinakwake, ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale, nthawi zambiri chizindikiro chofuula chimawala ngati choyandama (sensa ya mulingo) sichikuyenda bwino kapena kufupikitsidwa, kenako imangokhala. Pa magalimoto ena, chizindikiro chofuula chimatsagana ndi mawu akuti "BRAKE", koma izi sizisintha kwenikweni vutolo.
komanso, chizindikiro chofuula chikhoza kuyaka ngati chizindikiro cha "tcheru", pamtundu wofiira komanso wachikasu. Chizindikiro chachikasu cha "tcheru" chikawoneka, chimanena za kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamagetsi lokhazikika, ndipo ngati liri pamtunda wofiira, limachenjeza dalaivala za chinachake, ndipo, kawirikawiri, mawu ofotokozera amawunikira pa dashboard. kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi dzina lina lodziwitsa.
ABS chizindikiro akhoza kukhala ndi njira zingapo zowonetsera pa bolodi, koma mosasamala kanthu za izi, zimatanthawuza chinthu chomwecho pa magalimoto onse - kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo la ABS, ndi kuti panthawiyi anti-lock wheel system siikugwira ntchito. Mutha kudziwa chifukwa chake ABS siigwira ntchito m'nkhani yathu. Pankhaniyi, kusuntha kungapangidwe, koma sikuyenera kuwerengera ntchito ya ABS, mabuleki adzagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi.
Chizindikiro cha ESP Ikhoza kuyatsa nthawi ndi nthawi kapena kuyaka nthawi zonse. Nyali yowala yokhala ndi zolembedwa zotere ikuwonetsa zovuta ndi dongosolo lokhazikika. Chizindikiro cha Electronic Stability Programme nthawi zambiri chimayatsa chimodzi mwazifukwa ziwiri - mwina chowongolera chowongolera sichikuyenda bwino, kapena chosinthira chowunikira pa sensor (aka "chule") cholamulidwa kuti chikhale nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale, pali vuto lalikulu kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, sensor ya brake system yadziphimba yokha.
Chizindikiro cha injini yoyaka mkati, madalaivala ena angatchule kuti "injector icon" kapena fufuzani, ikhoza kukhala yachikasu pamene injini yoyaka mkati ikugwira ntchito. Imadziwitsa za kukhalapo kwa zolakwika za injini zoyaka mkati ndi kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe ake apakompyuta. Kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa maonekedwe ake pa dashboard kuwonetsera, kudzidziwitsa nokha kapena kufufuza makompyuta kumachitika.
Chizindikiro cha mapulagi owala akhoza kuyatsa pa dashboard galimoto dizilo, tanthauzo la chizindikiro choterocho ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chizindikiro "cheke" pa galimoto mafuta. Ngati palibe zolakwika pakukumbukira kwa chipangizo chamagetsi, chizindikiro cha spiral chiyenera kutuluka injini yoyaka yamkati ikatenthetsa ndipo mapulagi owala azimitsidwa. Momwe mungayang'anire mapulagi owala werengani apa.
Nkhaniyi ndi yophunzitsa kwa eni magalimoto ambiri. Ndipo ngakhale mwamtheradi zithunzi zonse zomwe zingatheke za magalimoto onse omwe alipo sizikuperekedwa pano, mudzatha kumvetsetsa mwachisawawa zofunikira za dashboard ya galimoto, ndipo musamveke phokoso mukamawona kuti chithunzicho chikuyatsidwanso.
