Opaleshoni ya throttle

Valve ya throttle ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira kwambiri pamakina olowera mkati mwa injini yoyaka moto. M'galimoto, ili pakati pa manifold ambiri ndi fyuluta ya mpweya. Pa injini za dizilo, throttle sikufunika, koma pa injini zamakono imayikidwabe ngati ikugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi. Zinthu zilinso chimodzimodzi ndi injini zamafuta ngati zili ndi makina owongolera ma valve. Ntchito yaikulu ya valve throttle ndi kupereka ndi kuwongolera mpweya wofunikira kuti pakhale kusakaniza kwa mpweya-mafuta. Choncho, kukhazikika kwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito injini, mlingo wa mafuta ndi mawonekedwe a galimoto yonse zimadalira ntchito yoyenera ya chotsitsa chogwedeza.

Choke chipangizo

Kuchokera pakuwona kothandiza, valavu ya throttle ndi valve yodutsa. Pamalo otseguka, kupanikizika mu dongosolo la kudya kuli kofanana ndi mlengalenga. Pamene ikutseka, imachepa, ikuyandikira mtengo wa vacuum (izi ndichifukwa chakuti galimotoyo ikugwira ntchito ngati mpope). Ichi ndichifukwa chake chowonjezera cha vacuum brake chimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kudya. Mwamapangidwe, damper palokha ndi mbale yozungulira yomwe imatha kuzungulira madigiri 90. Kusintha kumodzi kotereku kumayimira kuzungulira kumodzi kuchokera pakutsegula kwathunthu mpaka kutseka kwa valve.

Chida chothandizira

Gulugufe valavu block (module) zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mlanduwu uli ndi ma nozzles osiyanasiyana. Amalumikizidwa ndi mpweya wabwino womwe umatsekera mafuta ndi nthunzi zoziziritsa kukhosi (kutenthetsa chinyontho).
• Kutsegula komwe kumayenda valavu pamene dalaivala akukankhira accelerator pedal.
• Position sensors kapena potentiometers. Iwo amayesa throttle kutsegula ngodya ndi kutumiza chizindikiro kwa injini control unit. M'machitidwe amakono, ma sensor awiri owongolera amayikidwa, omwe amatha kukhala otsetsereka (potentiometers) kapena magnetoresistive (osalumikizana).
• Idling regulator. Ndikofunikira kusunga liwiro lokhazikika la crankshaft mumayendedwe otsekedwa. Ndiko kuti, pang'onopang'ono kutsegula angle ya shock absorber amatsimikiziridwa pamene accelerator pedal si kukhumudwa.

Mitundu ndi magwiridwe antchito a valavu yampweya

Mtundu wa throttle actuator umatsimikizira kapangidwe kake, momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi kuwongolera. Zitha kukhala zamakina kapena zamagetsi (zamagetsi).

Mawotchi pagalimoto chipangizo

Magalimoto akale komanso otsika mtengo amakhala ndi makina opangira ma valve omwe accelerator pedal amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chapadera. The makina actuator agulugufe valavu imakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• accelerator (accelerator ngo);
• kukoka ndi kupotoza levers;
• chingwe chachitsulo.

Kukhumudwitsa accelerator pedal kumayambitsa makina a levers, ndodo ndi chingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti damper izungulira (yotseguka). Zotsatira zake, mpweya umayamba kulowa m'dongosolo, ndipo kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumapangidwa. Mpweya wochuluka ukaperekedwa, mafuta ochulukirapo amathamanga motero liwiro lidzawonjezeka. Pamene throttle ili pamalo opanda pake, phokoso limabwerera kumalo otsekedwa. Kuphatikiza pa njira yayikulu, makina amakina angaphatikizeponso kuwongolera pamanja kwa throttle pogwiritsira ntchito kondomu yapadera.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi

Mtundu wachiwiri komanso wamakono wazomwe zimagwedeza ndi makina opangira magetsi (okhala ndi magetsi ndi magetsi). Makhalidwe ake akuluakulu:

• Palibe kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa pedal ndi damper. M'malo mwake, kuwongolera kwamagetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kumakupatsaninso mwayi wosintha ma torque a injini popanda kukanikiza chopondapo.
• Idling ya injini imayendetsedwa yokha ndikusuntha throttle.

Njira zamagetsi zikuphatikiza:

• throttle udindo ndi masensa mpweya;
• zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (ECU);
• kukoka magetsi

Makina owongolera amagetsi amaganiziranso ma siginecha ochokera kumayendedwe, makina owongolera nyengo, sensa ya brake pedal position ndi control cruise control.

Mukakanikiza chowongolera chowongolera, chowongolera chowongolera chowongolera, chopangidwa ndi ma potentiometer awiri odziyimira pawokha, chimasintha kukana kwa dera, chomwe ndi chizindikiro ku gawo lowongolera zamagetsi. Chotsatiracho chimatumiza lamulo loyenera ku galimoto yamagetsi (motor) ndikutembenuza phokoso. Malo ake, nawonso, amayendetsedwa ndi masensa oyenera. Amatumiza zambiri za malo atsopano a valve ku ECU.

Sensa yamakono yamakono ndi potentiometer yokhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri komanso kukana kwathunthu kwa 8 kOhm. Ili m'thupi lake ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa shaft, kutembenuza ngodya yotsegula ya valve kukhala magetsi a DC.

Pamalo otsekedwa a valve, magetsi adzakhala pafupifupi 0,7 V, ndipo pamalo otseguka, pafupifupi 4 V. Chizindikiro ichi chimalandiridwa ndi wolamulira, motero amaphunzira za kuchuluka kwa kutsegula kwa throttle. Malingana ndi izi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta operekedwa kumawerengedwa.

Ma damper position sensor output curves ndi multidirectional. Chizindikiro chowongolera ndi kusiyana pakati pa zikhalidwe ziwiri. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuthana ndi zosokoneza zomwe zingatheke.

Ntchito yoyendetsa ndi kukonza

Ngati valavu yamagetsi ikulephera, gawo lanu limasintha kwathunthu, koma nthawi zina ndikwanira kupanga kusintha (kusintha) kapena kuyeretsa. Chifukwa chake, kuti mugwiritse ntchito molondola makina oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi, ndikofunikira kusintha kapena kuphunzira kuwongolera. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kulowetsa deta pa malo ovuta kwambiri a valve (kutsegula ndi kutseka) mu kukumbukira kwa wolamulira).

Kusintha kwa throttle ndikofunikira muzochitika zotsatirazi:

• Mukasintha kapena kusinthanso gawo lowongolera injini yamagetsi yagalimoto.
• Pamene m'malo shock absorber.
• Pamene injini ndi wosakhazikika pa chopanda ntchito.

Chigawo cha valve throttle chimaphunzitsidwa kumalo osungirako ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera (ma scanner). Kulowererapo kopanda ntchito kungayambitse kusintha kolakwika komanso kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.

Ngati pali vuto ndi masensa, nyali yochenjeza idzawonekera mu gulu la zida kuti ndikudziwitse za vutoli. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza zonse zolakwika ndi yopuma kulankhula. Kuwonongeka kwina kofala ndi kutayikira kwa mpweya, komwe kumatha kuzindikirika ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa liwiro la injini.

Ngakhale kuphweka kwa mapangidwewo, ndi bwino kuyika matenda ndi kukonza valavu ya throttle kwa katswiri wodziwa zambiri. Izi zipangitsa kuti galimoto ikhale yotetezeka, yabwino komanso yofunika kwambiri, yotetezeka komanso yowonjezera injini yamoyo.