Supottle

M'magalimoto amakono, magetsi amagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe awiri: jekeseni ndi kudya. Woyamba wa iwo ali ndi udindo wopereka mafuta, ntchito yachiwiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti mpweya ukuyenda mu masilindala.

Cholinga, zigawo zikuluzikulu za zomangamanga

Ngakhale kuti dongosolo lonse "limayang'anira" mpweya, ndilosavuta kwambiri ndipo chinthu chake chachikulu ndi msonkhano wa throttle (ambiri amachitcha kuti chiwombankhanga chakale). Ndipo ngakhale chinthu ichi chili ndi mapangidwe osavuta.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito valavu ya throttle yakhala yofanana kuyambira masiku a injini za carbureted. Imatchinga njira yayikulu ya mpweya, potero imawongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umaperekedwa ku masilindala. Koma ngati kale damper iyi inali gawo la mapangidwe a carburetor, ndiye pa injini ya jekeseni ndi gawo losiyana kotheratu.

Ice supply system

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yaikulu - mlingo wa mpweya wogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi mumtundu uliwonse, damper iyi imakhalanso ndi udindo wosunga liwiro lopanda pake la crankshaft (XX) komanso pansi pa katundu wosiyanasiyana wa injini. Amagwiranso ntchito ndi brake booster.

Thupi la throttle ndilosavuta. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizo:

1. Chimango
2. damper ndi shaft
3. Makina oyendetsa

Mechanical Throttle Assembly

Kutsokomola kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumathanso kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo zowonjezera: masensa, ma bypass channels, mayendedwe otenthetsera, etc. Mwatsatanetsatane, mapangidwe a ma valve otsekemera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto, tikambirana pansipa.

Valavu ya throttle imayikidwa munjira ya mpweya pakati pa chinthu chosefera ndi injini zambiri. Kufikira node iyi sikovuta mwanjira iliyonse, kotero pogwira ntchito yokonza kapena kuyisintha, sizingakhale zovuta kufikako ndikuyichotsa m'galimoto.

Mitundu ya node

Monga tanenera kale, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma accelerator. Pali atatu onse:

1. Zoyendetsedwa ndi makina
2. Zamagetsi zamagetsi
3. Pakompyuta

Munali mu dongosolo ili kuti mapangidwe a chinthu ichi cha dongosolo lodyera anapangidwa. Iliyonse mwa mitundu yomwe ilipo ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndizochititsa chidwi kuti ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji, chipangizo cha node sichinakhale chovuta kwambiri, koma, m'malo mwake, chinakhala chophweka, koma ndi ma nuances ena.

Shutter yokhala ndi makina oyendetsa. Mapangidwe, mawonekedwe

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi damper yoyendetsedwa ndi makina. Zigawo zamtundu uwu zidawoneka ndi chiyambi cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa jekeseni wamafuta pamagalimoto. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi chakuti dalaivala amayendetsa damper modziyimira pawokha pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira cholumikizira chowongoleredwa ndi gawo la gasi lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi shaft yakuda.

Mapangidwe a unit wotere amabwereka kwathunthu ku carburetor system, kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti chotsitsa chododometsa ndi chinthu chosiyana.

Mapangidwe a chipangizochi amaphatikizanso sensor yamalo (ang'ono yotsegulira yotsekera), chowongolera liwiro (XX), njira zodutsa ndi makina otenthetsera.

Kusonkhana kwa Throttle ndi makina oyendetsa

Nthawi zambiri, sensa ya throttle position ilipo mumitundu yonse ya node. Ntchito yake ndikuzindikira mbali yotsegulira, yomwe imalola chipangizo chowongolera jekeseni yamagetsi kuti chizindikire kuchuluka kwa mpweya woperekedwa ku zipinda zoyaka moto ndipo, potengera izi, kusintha mafuta.

M'mbuyomu, sensor yamtundu wa potentiometric idagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mbali yotsegulira idatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwa kukana. Pakadali pano, masensa a magnetoresistive amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, omwe ndi odalirika kwambiri, popeza alibe awiriawiri olumikizana omwe amavala.

Throttle position sensor potentiometric mtundu

Wowongolera wa XX pamakina amakina ndi njira ina yomwe imatsekereza yayikulu. Njirayi imakhala ndi valavu ya solenoid yomwe imasintha kayendedwe ka mpweya kutengera momwe injiniyo imagwirira ntchito.

Chida chowongolera chopanda ntchito

Chofunika kwambiri cha ntchito yake ndi motere: pa makumi awiri, chotsitsa chododometsa chimatsekedwa kwathunthu, koma mpweya ndi wofunikira kuti ugwire ntchito ya injini ndipo umaperekedwa kudzera mu njira yosiyana. Pankhaniyi, ECU imatsimikizira liwiro la crankshaft, yomwe imayendetsa mlingo wa kutsegula kwa njira iyi ndi valve solenoid kuti ikhalebe ndi liwiro lokhazikika.

Njira zolambalala zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi wowongolera. Koma ntchito yake ndi kusunga liwiro la magetsi popanga katundu popuma. Mwachitsanzo, kuyatsa kayendedwe ka nyengo kumawonjezera katundu pa injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro lichepetse. Ngati wowongolera sangathe kupereka kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira ku injini, njira zodutsamo zimayatsidwa.

Koma mayendedwe owonjezerawa ali ndi vuto lalikulu - gawo lawo lamtanda ndi laling'ono, chifukwa chake amatha kutsekedwa ndikuzizira. Pofuna kuthana ndi zotsirizirazi, valve yotsekemera imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dongosolo lozizira. Ndiko kuti, zoziziritsa kukhosi zimazungulira kudzera munjira za casing, zimatenthetsa ngalande.

Makina apakompyuta amtundu wamagulugufe

Choyipa chachikulu cha msonkhano wamakina a throttle ndi kukhalapo kwa cholakwika pokonzekera kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya, komwe kumakhudza mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya injini. Izi ndichifukwa choti ECU sichimawongolera damper, imangolandira chidziwitso chokhudza mbali yotsegulira. Choncho, ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi pa malo a valve throttle, unit control unit nthawi zonse imakhala ndi nthawi yoti "isinthe" kuzinthu zosinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Electromechanical butterfly valve

Gawo lotsatira pakukula kwa mavavu agulugufe linali kutuluka kwa mtundu wa electromechanical. Njira yowongolera idakhalabe yofanana - chingwe. Koma mu node iyi mulibe njira zowonjezera monga zosafunikira. M'malo mwake, njira yamagetsi yochepetsera pang'ono yoyendetsedwa ndi ECU idawonjezedwa pamapangidwewo.

Mwachidziwitso, makinawa amaphatikizapo galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe ili ndi bokosi la gear, yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi shaft chododometsa.

Chigawo ichi chimagwira ntchito motere: mutatha kuyambitsa injini, gawo lowongolera limawerengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umaperekedwa ndikutsegula chotsitsa ku ngodya yomwe mukufuna kuti muyike liwiro lofunikira. Ndiko kuti, unit ulamuliro mu mayunitsi a mtundu uwu anali ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera ntchito ya injini pa chopanda pake. M'njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, dalaivala mwiniwake amawongolera phokoso.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera pang'ono kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga mawonekedwe a accelerator unit, koma sikunathetse vuto lalikulu - zolakwika za mapangidwe osakaniza. Mu kapangidwe kameneka, sizokhudza chonyowa, koma pachopanda pake.

Electronic damper

Mtundu wotsiriza, wamagetsi, ukuwonjezeka kwambiri m'magalimoto. Chofunikira chake chachikulu ndikuti palibe kuyanjana kwachindunji kwa chopondapo chowongolera ndi damper shaft. Makina owongolera pamapangidwe awa ali kale ndi magetsi. Imagwiritsabe ntchito injini yamagetsi yomweyi yokhala ndi gearbox yolumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa ndi ECU. Koma gawo lolamulira "limayang'anira" kutsegula kwa chipata m'njira zonse. Sensa yowonjezera yawonjezedwa pamapangidwe - malo a accelerator pedal.

Electronic throttle elements

Panthawi yogwira ntchito, gawo lowongolera limagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso osati kuchokera ku ma sensor a shock absorber ndi accelerator pedal. Zinanso zomwe zimaganiziridwa ndi ma siginoloji ochokera pazida zowunikira ma transmissions, ma braking system, zida zowongolera nyengo, ndi mayendedwe apanyanja.

Zonse zomwe zikubwera kuchokera ku masensa zimakonzedwa ndi unit ndipo pamaziko awa njira yabwino yotsegulira chipata imayikidwa. Ndiko kuti, dongosolo lamagetsi limayang'anira bwino ntchito ya dongosolo lodyera. Izi zinapangitsa kuti athetse zolakwika pakupanga kusakaniza. Munjira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, kuchuluka kwake kwa mpweya kudzaperekedwa kwa masilindala.

Koma dongosololi linali lopanda zolakwika. Palinso ochulukirapo pang'ono kuposa mitundu iwiri ija. Yoyamba mwa izi ndikuti damper imatsegulidwa ndi injini yamagetsi. Chilichonse, ngakhale kulephera kwapang'ono kwa magawo opatsirana kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa unit, komwe kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a injini. Palibe vuto lotere mu njira zowongolera chingwe.

Drawback yachiwiri ndi yofunika kwambiri, koma makamaka imakhudza magalimoto a bajeti. Ndipo zonse zimadalira kuti chifukwa cha mapulogalamu osatukuka kwambiri, throttle imatha kugwira ntchito mochedwa. Ndiko kuti, pambuyo kukanikiza accelerator pedal, ECU amatenga nthawi kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza mfundo, kenako amatumiza chizindikiro kwa throttle control galimoto.

Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chikuchedwetsera kukanikiza kwamagetsi kuyankha kwa injini ndi zamagetsi zotsika mtengo komanso mapulogalamu osakwanira.

M'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, zovuta izi sizikuwoneka bwino, koma pamikhalidwe ina, ntchito yotereyi imatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, poyambira panjira yoterera, nthawi zina pamafunika kusintha mwachangu njira yogwiritsira ntchito injini ("play the pedal"), ndiye kuti, mumikhalidwe yotere, "kuchita" mwachangu kofunikira. injini ku zochita za dalaivala n'kofunika. Kuchedwa komwe kulipo pakugwira ntchito kwa accelerator kungayambitse vuto la kuyendetsa galimoto, chifukwa dalaivala "samva" injini.

Chinthu chinanso chamagetsi amagetsi amtundu wina wamagalimoto, omwe kwa ambiri ndizovuta, ndizomwe zimapangidwira pafakitale. ECU ili ndi makonzedwe omwe samaphatikizapo kuthekera kwa gudumu poyambira. Izi zimatheka ndi chakuti pa chiyambi cha kayendedwe wagawo si mwachindunji kutsegula damper kuti pazipita mphamvu, kwenikweni, ECU "kupotoza" injini ndi throttle. Nthawi zina izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

M'magalimoto apamwamba, palibe mavuto ndi "mayankho" a dongosolo lodyera chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mapulogalamu abwino. Komanso m'magalimoto oterowo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kukhazikitsa njira yopangira magetsi malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Mwachitsanzo, mu "sport" mode, ntchito ya dongosolo kudya imasinthidwanso, momwemo ECU "sakusokoneza" injini poyambitsa, zomwe zimalola galimoto "mwamsanga" kuchoka.