Njira yogwiritsira ntchito brake. Momwe imakonzedwera ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito

Talemba kale za ambiri, ndi mavuto ati omwe angabwere nawo, ndi momwe tingadziwire mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi mabuleki. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha dongosolo monga actuator ndi gawo lake lofunika - yamphamvu ntchito.

A pang'ono za mabuleki ambiri ndi udindo wa yamphamvu akapolo pa kukhazikitsa braking

Pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse yonyamula anthu, makina oyendetsa ma brake amayendetsedwa ndi hydraulically. Mu mawonekedwe chosavuta, ndondomeko braking ndi motere.

Phazi limaponda pa mabuleki (3). The pusher (4) yolumikizidwa ndi pedal imayendetsa silinda yayikulu ya brake (GTZ) (6). Pistoni yake imatambasula ndikukankhira mabrake fluid mumizere (9, 10) ya hydraulic system. Chifukwa chakuti madzi sali kupsinjika konse, kuthamanga kumasamutsidwa nthawi yomweyo ku ma cylinders (2, 8), ndipo ma pistoni awo amayamba kusuntha.

Ndi silinda yogwira ntchito yokhala ndi pistoni yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa actuator. Zotsatira zake, mapadi (1, 7) amakanikizidwa pa disc kapena ng'oma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gudumu liwonongeke.

Kutulutsa pedal kumabweretsa kutsika kwa kupanikizika mu dongosolo, ma pistoni amasunthira muzitsulo, ndipo mapepala amachoka pa disk (drum) chifukwa cha akasupe obwerera.

Kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yofunikira ya kukanikiza chopondapo ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo lonse limalola kugwiritsa ntchito vacuum booster. Nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo limodzi ndi GTZ. Komabe, ma hydraulic actuators ena sangakhale ndi amplifier.

Dongosolo la hydraulic limapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kuyankha mwachangu kwa brake ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso osavuta.

Ponyamula katundu, makina a pneumatic kapena ophatikizika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ma hydraulics, ngakhale mfundo zazikuluzikulu za ntchito yake ndizofanana.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma hydraulic drive scheme

Pamagalimoto onyamula anthu, ma brake system nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'mabwalo awiri a hydraulic omwe amagwira ntchito pawokha. Nthawi zambiri, magawo awiri a GTZ amagwiritsidwa ntchito - kwenikweni, awa ndi ma silinda awiri osiyana ophatikizidwa kukhala gawo limodzi ndikukhala ndi pusher wamba. Ngakhale pali mitundu yamakina omwe GTZ awiri osakwatiwa amayikidwa ndi choyendetsa wamba.

Diagonal imatengedwa kuti ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. M'menemo, imodzi mwa mabwalo ndi udindo wa braking mawilo kutsogolo kumanzere ndi kumanja kumbuyo, ndipo chachiwiri ntchito ndi mawilo ena awiri - diagonally. Ndi chiwembu ichi cha ntchito mabuleki amene nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa magalimoto onyamula. Nthawi zina, pamagalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo, ntchito yomanga yosiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito: dera limodzi la mawilo akumbuyo, lachiwiri la mawilo akutsogolo. N'zothekanso kuphatikiza mawilo onse anayi mu dera lalikulu ndi padera mawilo awiri akutsogolo mu zosunga zobwezeretsera.

Pali makina omwe gudumu lililonse limakhala ndi masilinda awiri kapena atatu ogwira ntchito.

Zikhale momwemo, kukhalapo kwa mabwalo awiri odziyimira pawokha oyendetsa ma hydraulic kumawonjezera kulephera kwa mabuleki ndikupangitsa kuyendetsa bwino, chifukwa ngati imodzi mwa mabwalo ikalephera (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kutayikira kwamadzimadzi), yachiwiri ipanga zotheka kuyimitsa galimoto. Komabe, mphamvu ya braking imachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, choncho, siziyenera kuchedwa kuwongolera izi.

Mapangidwe azinthu zama brake

Pamagalimoto onyamula anthu, ma friction actuators amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo braking imachitika chifukwa cha kukangana kwa ma pads motsutsana ndi diski kapena mkati mwa ng'oma ya brake.

Kwa mawilo akutsogolo, njira zamtundu wa disk zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Caliper, yomwe imayikidwa pachiwongolero chowongolera, imakhala ndi silinda imodzi kapena ziwiri, komanso ma brake pads.

Zikuwoneka ngati silinda yogwira ntchito ya makina a brake disc.

Panthawi yoyendetsa mabuleki, kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kumakankhira ma pistoni kunja kwa masilinda. Nthawi zambiri ma pistoni amachita mwachindunji pamapadi, ngakhale pali mapangidwe omwe ali ndi njira yapadera yopatsira.

Caliper, yofanana ndi bulaketi mu mawonekedwe, imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chonyezimira kapena aluminiyamu. M'mapangidwe ena amakhazikika, ena ndi mafoni. Pachiyambi choyamba, ma silinda awiri amaikidwa mmenemo, ndipo mapepala amakanizidwa ndi ma pistoni kumbali zonse za brake disc. Caliper yosunthika imatha kuyenda motsatira malangizowo ndipo imakhala ndi silinda imodzi yogwira ntchito. Pamapangidwe awa, ma hydraulics amawongolera osati pisitoni yokha, komanso caliper.

Mtundu wosunthika umaperekanso kuvala kokulirapo kwa zomangira zomangika komanso kusiyana kosalekeza pakati pa diski ndi pad, koma kapangidwe kake ka caliper kamapereka mabuleki abwino.

The actuator yamtundu wa drum, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawilo akumbuyo, imakonzedwa mosiyana.

Ma cylinders ogwira ntchito amasiyananso pano. Amakhala ndi ma pistoni awiri okhala ndi zopondera zitsulo. Kusindikiza ma cuffs ndi anthers kumalepheretsa kulowa kwa mpweya ndi tinthu takunja mu silinda ndikuletsa kuvala kwake msanga. Kuyika kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mpweya popopa ma hydraulics.

Pakatikati pa gawoli pali chibowo, munjira ya braking imadzazidwa ndi madzi. Zotsatira zake, ma pistoni amakankhidwira mbali zina za silinda ndikuyika ma brake pads. Zomwe zimapanikizidwa ndi ng'oma yozungulira kuchokera mkati, ndikuchepetsa kuzungulira kwa gudumu.

Mumitundu ina yamakina, kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya mabuleki a ng'oma, ma silinda awiri ogwira ntchito amaphatikizidwa pamapangidwe awo.

diagnostics

Kuthamanga kofewa kwambiri kapena kulephera kwa chopondapo cha brake ndizotheka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa ma hydraulic system kapena kukhalapo kwa thovu la mpweya mmenemo. Chilema cha GTZ sichingathetsedwe muzochitika izi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuuma kwa pedal kumasonyeza kulephera kwa vacuum booster.

Zizindikiro zina zosalunjika zimatipangitsa kuganiza kuti makina oyendetsa magudumu sakugwira ntchito bwino.

Ngati galimoto skid pa braking, n'kutheka kuti pisitoni ya yamphamvu ntchito imodzi mwa mawilo ndi kupanikizana. Ngati itakhazikika pamalo otalikirapo, imatha kukanikiza padiyo motsutsana ndi disc, ndikupangitsa kuti gudumu likhale lokhazikika. Kenako galimoto yoyenda imatha kupita kumbali, matayala amatha kutha mosiyanasiyana, ndipo kunjenjemera kumamveka pachiwongolero. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwidwa kwa pistoni nthawi zina kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi mapepala ovala kwambiri.

Mungayesere kubwezeretsa silinda yogwira ntchito yolakwika, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera kukonza. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula gawo latsopano lofanana ndi galimoto yanu. Sitolo yapaintaneti yaku China ili ndi magalimoto ambiri aku China, komanso magawo amagalimoto opangidwa ku Europe.