Mabuleki a ng'oma. Kodi iwo ndi chiyani ndi mfundo ya ntchito

Mabuleki ndi ofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha galimoto iliyonse. Ndipo, ndithudi, kwa woyendetsa galimoto aliyense, chidziwitso chokhudza kapangidwe kake ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka braking sikungakhale kopambana. Ngakhale kuti takambirana kale nkhaniyi kangapo, mwachitsanzo, tibwereranso. Nthawi ino tiyang'anitsitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka drum-type brake system ndipo, makamaka, tidzatchera khutu ku ng'oma ya brake yokha.

Mwachidule pankhaniyi

Mbiri ya mabuleki a ng'oma mu mawonekedwe awo amakono amabwerera zaka zana limodzi. Mlengi wawo ndi Mfalansa Louis Renault.

Poyamba, ankangogwira ntchito chifukwa cha makaniko. Koma m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX zapitazi, kupangidwa kwa injiniya wa Chingerezi Malcolm Lowhead kunabwera kudzapulumutsa - galimoto yama hydraulic.

Kenako chowonjezera chothandizira chinawonekera, ndipo silinda yokhala ndi pisitoni idawonjezedwa pamapangidwe a brake ya ng'oma. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mabuleki amtundu wa ng'oma akupitirizabe kuyenda bwino, koma mfundo zoyambirira za ntchito yawo zasungidwa mpaka lero.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse itatha, mabuleki a disk adawonekera, omwe ali ndi ubwino wambiri - amakhala opepuka komanso oziziritsa bwino, samadalira kutentha, amakhala osavuta kusunga.

Komabe, mabuleki a ng'oma sizinthu zakale. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kokwaniritsa mphamvu zazikulu zama braking, amagwiritsidwabe ntchito bwino pamagalimoto ndi mabasi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosavuta kwambiri kukonza mabuleki oimika magalimoto.

Choncho, mabuleki amtundu wa ng'oma amaikidwa pamawilo akumbuyo a magalimoto ambiri okwera. Amakhalanso otsika mtengo, ali ndi chipangizo chosavuta, ndipo mawonekedwe otsekedwa amapereka chitetezo ku dothi ndi madzi.

Zoonadi, palinso zovuta - ng'oma yoyendetsa ng'oma imagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi disk imodzi, sikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, ndipo kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kusinthika kwa ng'oma.

Mapangidwe a mabuleki a ng'oma

Silinda ya gudumu (yogwira ntchito), chowongolera ma brake ndi nsapato za brake zimayikidwa pa chishango chokhazikika, pomwe akasupe apamwamba ndi otsika amatambasulidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso cholumikizira choyimitsa magalimoto. Nthawi zambiri, mabuleki oimika magalimoto amayendetsedwa ndi chingwe chachitsulo cholumikizidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa lever. Ma hydraulic drive kuyatsa handbrake sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Pamene ma brake pedal akhumudwa, kupanikizika kumawonjezeka mu ma hydraulics a brake system. Mabuleki amadzimadzi amadzaza patsekeke pakatikati pa silinda ndikukankhira ma pistoni kuchokera mbali zina.

Zopondera pisitoni zachitsulo zimayika kukakamiza pamapadi, ndikukankhira mkati mwa ng'oma yozungulira. Chifukwa cha kukangana, kuzungulira kwa gudumu kumachepetsa. Pamene ma brake pedal atulutsidwa, akasupe obwerera amasuntha nsapato kutali ndi ng'oma.

Pamene handbrake ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chingwechi chimakoka ndikutembenuza lever. Amakankhira mapepala, omwe ndi zomangira zawo zowonongeka amakanizidwa ndi ng'oma, kutsekereza mawilo. Pali kapamwamba kapadera kapamwamba pakati pa nsapato za brake, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosinthira choyimitsa magalimoto.

Magalimoto okhala ndi mabuleki a disc pamawilo akumbuyo amakhalanso ndi mabuleki amtundu wa ng'oma. Kuti mupewe kumamatira kapena kuzizira kwa mapepala ku ng'oma, musasiye galimotoyo kwa nthawi yaitali ndikugwirana ndi handbrake.

Zambiri za ng'oma

Ng'oma ndi gawo lozungulira la mabuleki. Amayikidwa pa ekisi yakumbuyo kapena pa gudumu. Gudumu lokha limamangiriridwa ku ng'oma, yomwe imazungulira nayo.

Ng'oma ya brake ndi silinda yopanda dzenje yokhala ndi flange, yopangidwa, monga lamulo, kuchokera kuchitsulo chonyezimira, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku aloyi yochokera ku aluminiyamu. Pofuna kudalirika kwambiri, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi nthiti zouma kunja. Palinso ng'oma zophatikizika, momwe silindayo imapangidwira chitsulo, ndipo flange imapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Awonjezera mphamvu poyerekeza ndi oponyedwa, koma ntchito yawo ndi yochepa chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wapamwamba.

Nthawi zambiri, malo ogwirira ntchito amakhala mkati mwa silinda. Kupatulapo ndi ng'oma zoimika magalimoto zamagalimoto olemera. Amayikidwa pamtengo wa cardan, ndipo mapepala ali kunja. Pazidzidzidzi, amatha kukhala ngati njira yosungira mabuleki.

Kuti ma friction pads a pads agwirizane mwamphamvu momwe angathere ndikupereka braking yogwira mtima, malo ogwirira ntchito a silinda amakonzedwa mosamala.

Kuti athetse kumenyedwa panthawi yozungulira, mankhwalawa ndi oyenerera. Pachifukwa ichi, ma grooves amapangidwa m'malo ena kapena zolemera zimamangiriridwa. Flange ikhoza kukhala diski yolimba kapena kukhala ndi bowo pakati pa gudumu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza ng'oma ndi gudumu pakhoma, flange imakhala ndi mabowo omangira ma bolts ndi ma studs.

Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala mapangidwe omwe hub ndi gawo lofunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, gawolo limayikidwa pa ekseli Kutsogolo kwa magalimoto, makina opangira ng'oma sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, koma amaikidwabe pamawilo akumbuyo, kuwaphatikiza ndi mabuleki oimika magalimoto. Koma pamagalimoto akuluakulu, mabuleki a drum akadalipobe.

Izi zikufotokozedwa mophweka - poonjezera m'mimba mwake ndi m'lifupi mwa silinda, ndipo chifukwa chake, dera la mikangano ya mapepala ndi ng'oma, mukhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mabuleki.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti pagalimoto yolemera kapena basi yonyamula anthu, ntchito yoyendetsa bwino ndiyofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ma nuances ena onse a braking system ndi yachiwiri. Choncho, ng'oma ananyema kwa magalimoto nthawi zambiri ndi m'mimba mwake oposa theka la mita, ndi kulemera 30-50 makilogalamu kapena kuposa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo, kusankha ndikusintha ng'oma

1. Mabuleki ayamba kuchepa, mtunda wa braking wawonjezeka.

2. Galimotoyo imanjenjemera kwambiri panthawi ya braking.

3. Kumenya kumamveka pachiwongolero ndi ma brake pedal.

4. Phokoso laphokoso kapena pogaya pokwera mabuleki.

Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, yang'anani mabuleki akumbuyo nthawi yomweyo makamaka momwe ng'oma zilili.

Miyala

Chitsulo choponyera, chomwe ng'oma nthawi zambiri imapangidwa, imakhala yolimba kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo chitsulo chosasunthika. Kuyendetsa mosasamala, makamaka m’misewu yoipa, kumathandizira kuoneka kwa ming’alu mmenemo.

Palinso chifukwa china cha zochitika zawo. Katundu wapakatikati ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha komwe kumakhala mabuleki a ng'oma kumayambitsa chodabwitsa chotchedwa kutopa kwakuthupi pakapita nthawi.

Pachifukwa ichi, ma microcracks amatha kuwoneka mkati mwachitsulo, omwe patapita kanthawi amawonjezeka kwambiri. Palibe zosankha.

Kusintha

Chifukwa china chosinthira ng'oma ndikuphwanya geometry. Ngati chopangidwa ndi aluminium alloy chapindika chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kapena kukhudzidwa kwamphamvu, mutha kuyesabe kuchiwongola. Koma ndi gawo lachitsulo choponyedwa, palibe chosankha - kungosintha.

Pamwamba pogwira ntchito

Ng'oma iliyonse imatha kumveka pang'onopang'ono. Ndi kuvala yunifolomu, m'mimba mwake wamkati ukuwonjezeka, mapepala amapanikizidwa motsutsana ndi malo ogwira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti braking imachepetsa.

Nthawi zina, malo ogwirira ntchito amavala mosagwirizana, amatha kutenga mawonekedwe a oval, zokopa, grooves, chips ndi zolakwika zina. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosakwanira bwino pamapadi, kulowetsedwa kwa zinthu zolimba zakunja kumakina amabowo, mwachitsanzo, miyala, ndi zifukwa zina.

Ngati kuya kwa grooves kapena zokopa ndi 2 mm kapena kuposerapo, ndiye kuti ng'oma iyenera kusinthidwa ndi yatsopano. Zofooka zochepa zozama zimatha kuyesedwa kuti zithetsedwe ndi chithandizo cha groove.

Za groove

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito poyambira, mudzafunika lathe komanso chidziwitso chozama kwambiri chogwirirapo ntchito. Choncho, pa ntchito yotere ndi bwino kupeza katswiri wotembenuza, choyamba, pafupifupi 0,5 mm ya malo ogwirira ntchito amachotsedwa.

Pambuyo pake, kuwunika mozama ndikuwunika kuthekera kwa kutembenuka kwina kumachitika. Nthawi zina, zitha kuwoneka kuti palibe chifukwa chopitirizira.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa kuvala sikuli kwakukulu, ndiye kuti pafupifupi 0,2 ... 0,3 mm amachotsedwa kuti athetse zolakwika zomwe zilipo. Ntchitoyi imamalizidwa ndi kupukuta pogwiritsa ntchito phala lapadera lopera.

Kusankha m'malo

Ngati ng'oma ikufunika kusinthidwa, sankhani molingana ndi mtundu wagalimoto yanu. Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana nambala yamakatalo. Magawo ali ndi kukula kosiyana, amasiyana pamaso, chiwerengero ndi malo okwera mabowo.

Ngakhale kusiyana kwakung'ono ndi koyambirira kungapangitse mabuleki kuti agwire ntchito molakwika kapena osagwira ntchito atayika ng'oma.

Pewani kugula zinthu kuchokera kwa opanga osadziwika kuchokera kwa ogulitsa okayikitsa kuti musamalipire kawiri. Zapamwamba kwambiri zitha kugulidwa m'sitolo yapaintaneti yaku China.

Pamagalimoto onyamula anthu, ng'oma zonse ziwiri zakumbuyo ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi imodzi. Ndipo musaiwale kupanga zofunika kusintha pambuyo unsembe.