Kuwona galimoto ndi VIN code

Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amakono amadziwa kufunika koyang'anitsitsa galimotoyo pogula mumsika wachiwiri chifukwa cha zolakwika zobisika kapena zowonongeka. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri masiku ano ndi cheke pa zomwe zimatchedwa chiyero chalamulo cha galimoto yogulidwa: chiwerengero cha eni ake, pokhala chikole, mbiri ya ngozi, ndi zina zotero. Kuyang'ana galimoto ndi VIN yake kungathandize ndi chidziwitso chofunikira ichi chomwe ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amafuna kubisala.

VIN ndi chiyani

Nambala ya VIN yagalimoto (kuchokera ku nambala yachizindikiritso ya Galimoto ya Chingerezi, VIN) ndi kuphatikiza kwa manambala achiarabu ndi zilembo zachilatini, chifukwa chomwe galimoto iliyonse yopangidwa ndi mafakitale imatha kudziwika. Pazonse, code iyi ili ndi zilembo 17. Kuphatikizana konseku sikosokoneza komanso kopanda tanthauzo. M'malo mwake, mbali iliyonse ya code yayitaliyi imapereka chidziwitso chokhudza galimotoyo. Chifukwa chake, nambala yoyamba imaperekedwa kutengera dziko la wopanga magalimoto. Chilembo chachiwiri ndi chachitatu chimasonyeza wopanga wina. Kuphatikizana kotsatiraku kwa zilembo zisanu ndi manambala kumafotokoza zofunikira zagalimoto. Komanso, kuchokera ku nambala ya VIN, mutha kudziwa zambiri za chaka chopangira galimotoyo, malo opangira makina omwe adachokera pamzere wa msonkhano, komanso nambala yapadera yagalimoto. Kwa zaka zopitirira makumi anayi za kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za galimoto (kuyambira 1977 ku USA), miyezo ina yakhazikitsidwa yomwe yapereka chidziwitso chodziwikiratu ndipo nthawi zonse tanthauzo lofanana pa chizindikiro chilichonse. Miyezo iyi pamlingo wa machitidwe apadziko lonse lapansi imakhazikitsidwa ndi ISO 3779:2009.

Komabe, tikuwona kuti zenizeni zimasiya chizindikiro pa malamulo osavuta awa. M'zochita zanga, nthawi zina zidapezeka kuti opanga ma automaker ena amagwiritsa ntchito zilembo 17 zachizindikiritso chagalimoto mwanjira yosiyana pang'ono ndi momwe anthu ambiri amachitira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti miyezo ya ISO ndi upangiri chabe mwachilengedwe, kotero opanga ena amawona kuti ndizotheka kupatuka, zomwe nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumasulira ma VIN code.

Kufotokozera nambala ya VIN Khalidwe lililonse kapena gulu la otchulidwa limatha kuuza munthu wodziwa zonse zomwe zikuchitika ndi kutuluka mgalimoto.

Ganizirani zonse zovuta zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha galimoto yopeka yopangidwa ku Russia. Malembo oyambirira a mayiko a ku Ulaya: zilembo zomaliza za zilembo za Chilatini kuchokera ku S mpaka Z. Zizindikiro za XS-XW zimasungidwa ku mayiko omwe kale anali USSR. Kutsatiridwa ndi kachidindo ka wopanga. Mwachitsanzo, kwa KAMAZ ndi XTC, ndipo kwa VAZ ndi Z8N.

Funso lina lofunikira ndi komwe mungapeze nambala yachizindikiritso chagalimoto kuti mudziwe zambiri kuchokera pamenepo. Nthawi zonse, imayikidwa pa mbale zapadera zotchedwa "nameplates". Malo enieni amatengera wopanga, mtundu wamagalimoto ndi zinthu zina zingapo:

• pachitseko
• pa mbale pafupi ndi galasi lakutsogolo;
• kutsogolo kwa injini;
• mkati mwa gudumu lakumanzere;
• pa chiwongolero;
• pansi chophimba pansi;
• Kuphatikiza apo, nambala ya VIN yosavuta kuwerenga imatha kupezeka m'makalata ovomerezeka agalimoto (mu pasipoti yake, khadi ya chitsimikizo, ndi zina).

Mwanjira ina, opanga amayesa kuyika chidziwitso chofunikira ichi pazigawo za galimoto zomwe zimakhalabe zosasinthika panthawi yokonza kwambiri galimotoyo.

Werengani za mbale zofiira: https://bumper.guru/gosnomer/krasnyie-nomera-na-mashine-v-rossii.html

Nthawi zambiri, pamene mwini galimoto amayesa kubisa mbiri yeniyeni ya galimoto yake, nthawi zambiri poigulitsa, akhoza kupanga kusintha kosavomerezeka ku nambala ya VIN. Njira zingapo zofunika zithandizira kuwerengera kusakhulupirika:

• palibe gawo lililonse lomwe VIN yoyambirira ili ndi zizindikiro I, O ndi Q, popeza zimatha kukhala zosadziwika bwino ndi manambala 1 ndi 0 panthawi yovala malo agalimoto;
• zilembo zinayi zomalizira pazizindikiritso zilizonse zimakhala manambala nthawi zonse;
• nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa pamzere umodzi (pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi pa zana pa zana). Ngati yagundidwa m'mizere iwiri, ndiye kuti sikuloledwa kuthyola midadada imodzi ya semantic.

Ngati muwona kuti nambala yagalimoto yomwe mukuphunzirayo sikugwirizana ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kukayikira zowona zake ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndikuwopsyezani kuti musachite ntchito iliyonse ndi galimotoyo.

Chifukwa chake, nambala ya VIN ndiye gwero lofunika kwambiri la chidziwitso chomwe galimoto iliyonse yopangidwa ndi mafakitale ili nayo. Ndi maluso ofunikira, mutha kupeza zidziwitso zonse zomwe mungafune kuchokera kwa zilembo 17 izi.

Kanema: zakusintha nambala ya VIN

Momwe mungayang'anire nambala ya VIN yagalimoto musanagule. Maxim Shelkov

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuyang'ana galimoto ndi VIN-code

Masiku ano, mosiyana ndi mmene zinthu zinalili zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, n’zotheka kuphunzira zambiri zambiri mosavuta komanso kwaulere. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magwero onse ovomerezeka monga tsamba la apolisi apamsewu, ndi masamba ena odalirika amalonda omwe amalipira ndalama yaying'ono kuti mudziwe zambiri zagalimotoyo.

Kugula galimoto m'manja kungakhale kopindulitsa ngati kuyang'anitsitsa chinthucho kukuchitika musanagule.

Cholinga chofunikira kwambiri cha macheke amtunduwu ndikugula magalimoto pamsika wachiwiri. M'dera lathu, ziwerengero za msika wamagalimoto oyambira ndi achiwiri zimasiyana kwambiri kudera ndi dera. Koma, mwanjira ina, nthawi zambiri, kugula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndiyo njira yokhayo yopezera anthu ambiri aku Russia chifukwa cha moyo wotsika. Ngakhale mu mzinda wotukuka kwambiri, gawo la kugula magalimoto atsopano ndi 40% yokha. Choncho, mwa magalimoto khumi ogulidwa ku Moscow, 6 amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Dziwani za vin code ya Volkswagen: https://bumper.guru/zarubezhnye-avto/volkswagen/rasshifrovka-vin-volkswagen.html

Table: ziwerengero pa chiŵerengero cha msika woyamba ndi sekondale ku Russia

Chigawo	Gawo la msika woyamba (%)	Gawo lachiwiri la msika (%)	Alionse m'dzikoli pali
Москва	39,9	60,1	0,66
Republic of Tatarstan	33,3	66,7	0,5
Saint Petersburg	33,0	67,0	0,49
Dera la Samara	29,4	70,6	0,42
Udmurt Republic	27,5	72,5	0,38
Perm Krai	26,2	73,8	0,36
Dera la Moscow	25,5	74,5	0,34
Republic of Baskortostan	24,9	75,1	0,32
Dera la Leningrad	24,0	76,3	0,31

Zambiri zimaperekedwa molingana ndi bungwe lowunika "Avtostat".

Pachifukwa ichi, mafunso akuyang'ana chinthu chomwe akufuna kugula chimayamba kukula kuti tipewe kupeza "nkhumba mu poke". Zigawo zazikulu za cheke ndi: chiwerengero ndi mapangidwe a eni ake, kukhalapo kwa ngozi, chindapusa chosalipidwa, ngongole zotetezedwa ndi malonjezo agalimoto ndi zochitika zina zosafunikira kwa mwiniwake watsopano. Kuyang'ana galimotoyo pasadakhale molingana ndi magawowa kumakutetezani kuti zisawombane ndi anthu ochita chinyengo kapena ogulitsa osakhulupirika. Kudziwa mbiri yonse ya galimoto kudzakuthandizaninso kudziwa bwino mtengo wa msika wa galimotoyo.

Za njira zowonera chindapusa cha apolisi apamsewu: https://bumper.guru/shtrafy/shtrafyi-gibdd-2017-proverit-po-nomeru-avtomobilya.html

Njira zowonera magalimoto ndi VIN kwaulere

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zamagalimoto popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zanu, ndiye kuti mufotokozere zonse zofunikira ndikupeza zotsatira zodalirika, muyenera kutembenukira kuzinthu zingapo zapaintaneti nthawi imodzi kapena nokha ku dipatimenti yoyenera ya apolisi apamsewu.

Yang'anani ku dipatimenti ya apolisi apamsewu

Poyang'ana koyamba, njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika yoyang'anira kuyang'anira kusanachitike kugulitsidwa kwa galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzanja ndikulumikizana ndi akuluakulu oyenerera mwachindunji (dipatimenti ya apolisi apamsewu yapafupi). Zowonadi, njirayi ili ndi ufulu kukhalapo, koma ilinso ndi zovuta zingapo zachikhalidwe, zomwe, komanso kupezeka kwa njira zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta, zimathamangitsa oyendetsa galimoto. Choyamba, chofunikira kwambiri cha cheke chotere ndichofunika kuwonekera kwa wogula ndi mwiniwake wapano, popeza ogwira ntchito aboma sadzaulula zambiri za mbiri yagalimoto kwa wobwera woyamba. Kachiwiri, pempho laumwini kwa apolisi apamsewu kumafuna nthawi yambiri yaulere komanso kuleza mtima, chifukwa muyenera kudikirira pamzere ndikukambirana ndi wapolisi, yemwe sakhala wokoma mtima komanso wosangalatsa polankhulana. Palinso "zoyipa" zina.

Masiku ano ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza nthawi yokwanira yolumikizana ndi dipatimenti ya apolisi apamsewu, komwe, mwina, mudzayenera kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo kudikirira nthawi yanu.

Kuchokera pazochitika zanga, ndinganene kuti ngati galimoto ikuyikidwa pamndandanda wofunidwa m'dera limodzi lokha, ndipo ntchito yomwe ikukonzekera ikuchitika m'dera lina, ndiye kuti mudziwe zambiri, muyenera kulankhulana ndi database ya federal. Tsoka ilo, antchito ena sakhala okonzeka nthawi zonse kugwira ntchito yawo mosamala komanso mogwira mtima, kotero kuti zotsatira zopezedwa mwanjira imeneyi zingakhale zosakwanira kapena zosadalirika.

Onani patsamba lovomerezeka la apolisi apamsewu

Kuyambira February 2014, ntchito yatsopano yawonekera pa portal ya State traffic Inspectorate: kuyang'ana galimoto. Ndi chithandizo chake, aliyense, podziwa nambala ya VIN ya galimoto yachidwi, akhoza kudziwa za eni ake a galimotoyo, kufunidwa ndi (kapena) kuika zoletsa zilizonse, monga chikole.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti apolisi apamsewu akuyesera kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yogwira ntchito komanso yothandiza kwa omwe angathe kulandira, kotero kuti chiwerengero cha zosankha chawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi.

Nazi njira zosavuta zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti muwone galimoto ndi VIN code patsamba lovomerezeka la apolisi apamsewu:

1. Pitani patsamba lomwe lili pa https://gibdd.rf/.
   

   Tsamba loyambira la webusayiti ya apolisi apamsewu likhoza kusiyana mwatsatanetsatane kutengera dera lomwe mlendoyo ali
2. Kenako, sankhani tabu "zantchito", yomwe ili pamwamba pa tsamba loyambira kumanja. Pazenera lotsitsa, sankhani "fufuzani galimoto".
   

   Ntchito ya "cheke galimoto" ili pachitatu kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi pambuyo pa "kufufuza bwino" ndi "kufufuza kwa driver"
3. Kupitilira apo, mukadina, tsamba limatsegulidwa patsogolo panu, lopangidwa kuti lilowe mu VIN yagalimoto ndikuchita cheke. Malingana ndi zolinga, mitundu yotsatirayi ikupezeka kwa inu: kuyang'ana mbiri ya kulembetsa, kuyang'ana kutenga nawo mbali pa ngozi, kufufuza ngati mukufunidwa komanso zoletsedwa.
   

   Samalani pamene mukulowetsa deta m'munda wofanana, chifukwa typo iliyonse imatsogolera kuwonetsera kolakwika kwa deta

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pamodzi ndi ubwino woonekeratu, njirayi imakhalanso ndi zovuta zingapo, zomwe zazikulu ndizosakwanira zomwe zaperekedwa. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mutha kudziwa za ngozi zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pa 2015 ndipo zidawonetsedwa bwino pamakina a apolisi apamsewu.

Kuonjezera apo, sizinali zachilendo muzochita zanga kuti panali zochitika pamene dongosolo silinapereke zotsatira konse kwa VIN code imodzi kapena ina, ngati galimotoyo kulibe konse. Pazifukwa izi, ndikupangira kulumikizana ndi apolisi apamsewu panokha, komanso kufunafuna zambiri m'malo ena ovomerezeka.

Kuyang'ana pazinthu zina

Kuphatikiza pa tsamba lovomerezeka la apolisi apamsewu, lomwe limadziunjikira mitundu yonse yayikulu yamacheke, kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola komanso zatsatanetsatane, ndikofunikira kutchula malo apadera apadera.

Kuti muwone zoletsa ngati chikole, ndikupangira kaundula wapagulu wa malonjezo azinthu zosunthika, udindo wosunga zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi Civil Code ku FNP (Federal Chamber of Notaries). Kutsimikizira kumachitika m'njira zingapo zosavuta:

1. Muyenera kupita ku webusayiti yomwe ili pa https://www.reestr-zalogov.ru/state/index.
   

   Kuti mufike patsamba loyambira la kaundula wa malonjezo azinthu zosunthika, muyenera kutsatira ulalo womwe uli pansipa, kapena patsamba lovomerezeka la Notary Chamber of the Russian Federation.
2. Kenako, kuchokera pazigawo zazikulu pamwamba, sankhani kumanja kwakutali "pezani m'kaundula". Ndiye, pakati pa njira zotsimikizira, muyenera kusankha "malinga ndi chidziwitso cha nkhani ya lonjezo." Pomaliza, magalimoto amayenera kusankhidwa kuchokera kumitundu yomwe yaperekedwa yazinthu zosunthika.
   

   Mukasankha ma tabo onse ofunikira, muyenera kulowa nambala ya VIN yagalimoto yomwe mukufuna ndikudina batani lofiira ndi muvi wa "pezani".

Pomaliza, munthu sanganyalanyaze masamba ambiri operekedwa ku cheke chisanachitike kugulitsa magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayeretsedwe mwalamulo. Monga lamulo, pofananiza ndi ma prototypes awo aku America, masambawa amapereka ntchito yaying'ono pazantchito zawo. Mwa zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa pamsika, ntchito ya avtocod.mos.ru ndi yabwino kwambiri. drawback ake okha ndi chakuti cheke ikuchitika okha magalimoto olembedwa mu Moscow ndi dera Moscow.

Mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi mwachilengedwe kwa wosuta aliyense

Momwe mungadziwire VIN-code ndi nambala yagalimoto yagalimoto

VIN-code yoyambirira pakugwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo imatha kukhala yovuta kuwerenga chifukwa cha dothi kapena kuwonongeka kwamakina. Komanso, dalaivala aliyense amadziwa manambala a galimoto yake, koma VIN code n'zovuta kwambiri kukumbukira. Webusaiti ya PCA (Russian Union of Auto Insurers) imathandiza pazochitika zotere. Kuti mudziwe zomwe mukufuna:

1. Pitani ku tsamba lolingana la webusayiti ya PCA http://dkbm-web.autoins.ru/dkbm-web-1.0/policy.htm. Lowetsani zambiri za boma m'munda. nambala yagalimoto. Opaleshoniyi ndiyofunikira kuti tipeze chiwerengero cha mgwirizano wa OSAGO, chifukwa chake tidzafika ku VIN.
   

   Musaiwale kulowa nambala yachitetezo, popanda zomwe simungathe kumaliza kusaka
2. Mukakanikiza batani la "sakani", tsamba lomwe lili ndi nambala ya mgwirizano wa OSAGO lidzatsegulidwa patsogolo panu.
   

   Samalani ndime ya "OSAGO contract number" patebulo ili pansipa
3. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito ulalo wotsatirawu http://dkbm-web.autoins.ru/dkbm-web-...agovehicle.htm, lowetsani zomwe zakhazikitsidwa za mgwirizano wa OSAGO kuchokera m'ndime yapitayi.
   

   Chofunikira kuti mupeze zambiri ndikulemba tsiku lomwe mwapemphedwa.
4. Patsamba lomwe likutsegulidwa, muwona zambiri zokhudza galimoto ya inshuwalansi, kuphatikizapo VIN.
   
   

   Mu gawo "zambiri za munthu wa inshuwaransi" mu mzere wachiwiri pansi pa chizindikiro cha boma, mukhoza kuona VIN yofunikira.

Kanema: momwe mungapezere nambala ya VIN kwaulere ndi nambala yagalimoto

Ndi chidziwitso chotani chokhudza galimoto chomwe chingapezeke ndi VIN-code

Nambala ya VIN, potengera zomwe tafotokozazi, imatha kukhala gwero lazidziwitso zambiri zagalimoto.

Nawu mndandanda wazovuta zomwe mungajambule kuchokera pamenepo:

• kuba;
• kumanga;
• kuchita nawo ngozi;
• mtunda weniweni;
• zochitika za inshuwaransi;
• lonjezo;
• utumiki wa taxi;
• chiwerengero cha eni;
• mbiri yolembetsa;
• Kodi pali zoletsa zolembetsa pagalimoto?

Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule zofunika kwambiri.

Chekeni malire

Gwero lalikulu laulere lazidziwitso zowunikira galimoto kuti liziletsa ndi tsamba lovomerezeka la apolisi apamsewu. Mwauzidwa kale za mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito pamwambapa.

Pakati pa mitundu yonse yamacheke yomwe ilipo patsamba lino, "cheke choletsa" chalembedwa pansipa "cheke chofunidwa".

Mothandizidwa ndi ntchitoyi mutha kudziwa ngati pali zopinga zilizonse pakuchita zolembetsa

Kuwona chindapusa

Mwachikhalidwe, chitsimikiziro cha chindapusa chimachitika popereka deta iyi:

• nambala ya boma;
• nambala ya satifiketi yolembetsa galimoto.

Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, apolisi apamsewu ovomerezeka kuti awone chindapusa adzafuna kwa inu. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti nthawi zambiri amakumbukiridwa ndi eni galimoto kuposa VIN.

Zikhale choncho, sikovuta kupeza deta ina yamagalimoto kuchokera ku VIN. Chifukwa chake, kudzera muntchitoyi yomveka bwino, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa zilango zandalama kuchokera kwa apolisi apamsewu. Posankha tabu "chake bwino", mudzatengedwera kutsamba lolowera deta.

Lowetsani tsatanetsatane molondola ndikudina batani la "pempho lotsimikizira".

Kumangidwa Check

Ndikofunikiranso kwambiri kuti mufufuze kuti mumangidwe musanagule galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga lamulo, bailiffs amaika chiletso choyenera pa magalimoto omwe ali ndi ngongole. Chifukwa chake, kuti muwone kuti galimotoyo imamangidwa, ndikofunikira kuti musamangolumikizana ndi apolisi apamsewu omwe atchulidwa kale, komanso patsamba lovomerezeka la Federal Bailiff Service la Russian Federation (Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation).

M'malo mwake, akatswiri omwe amatsagana ndi magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amayang'ana wogulitsa magalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe za FSSP. Ngati mwa iwo eni galimotoyo ali ndi ngongole zambiri, zazikulu mu kukula, ndiye tingaganize kuti galimotoyo ingakhale nkhani ya chikole pa udindo wina. Kuti muwone patsamba la FSSP, muyenera kudziwa zambiri za wogulitsa magalimoto:

• surname, dzina, patronymic;
• tsiku lobadwa;
• dera lomwe mukukhala.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, muyenera kudzaza magawo onse omwe ali ovomerezeka, ndikudina batani "Pezani".

Kuyang'ana ngozi, kubedwa kapena kufunidwa

Pomaliza, omaliza pamzere, koma osachepera, ndi magawo otsimikizira: kuchita nawo ngozi ndikukhala mukuba (kufunidwa). Ndikukhulupirira kuti palibe aliyense wa ife amene angafune kugula galimoto "yosweka" m'manja mwathu. Pofuna kupewa izi, anthu ambiri amalemba ntchito akatswiri kuti awone magalimoto omwe amagula. Kuphatikiza pa muyeso uwu, ndikupangiranso kuti mutchule gawo loyenera la webusayiti ya boma loyang'anira magalimoto.

Momwemonso ndi magalimoto omwe amaikidwa pamndandanda wofunidwa ndi federal. Kupeza makina oterowo kumadzadza ndi mavuto ambiri ndi mabungwe azamalamulo komanso kuwononga nthawi yamtengo wapatali yaumwini, makamaka masiku athu ano.

Kuti mupemphe macheke amtunduwu, muyenera kungolowetsa nambala ya VIN yagalimoto

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukufuna, mutha kutembenukiranso kuzinthu zamalonda zachitatu zomwe zimapereka ntchito zofananira. Muzondichitikira zanga, kupita kumalo ovomerezeka aulere sikokwanira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamtengo wochepa, chifukwa cha mautumiki ena, mudzapeza mwayi wapadera wosonkhanitsa zonse zomwe zilipo zokhudza galimotoyo, kuphatikizapo kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zatsekedwa kwa nzika wamba. Pakati pa malo otere omwe ine ndekha ndi makasitomala ndawafufuza mobwerezabwereza, munthu akhoza kutchula autocode ndi banks.ru (poyang'ana chikole m'maboma azachuma).

Kanema: momwe mungayang'anire magalimoto musanagule

Momwe mungayendetsere galimoto kudutsa mabasiketi? ILDAR AVTO-PODBOR

Choncho, nambala ya VIN ndi imodzi mwa magwero apadera a chidziwitso cha galimoto. Zimalola munthu amene akufuna kugula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aphunzire zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera ku "moyo wakale" wa phunziro la malonda ndikupanga chisankho chodziwitsidwa ndi choyenera. Kuti musakhale wozunzidwa ndi wachinyengo komanso kuti musagule galimoto m'manja mwanu, yomwe, mwachitsanzo, yabedwa, musakhale aulesi ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana kuti ikhale yoyera mwalamulo pogwiritsa ntchito mautumiki ambiri omwe alipo pa intaneti. .