Ziphaso zofiira zaku Russia komanso padziko lonse lapansi

Magalimoto okhala ndi mbale zofiira zolembera amatha kupezeka m'misewu yapagulu ku Russia ndi kunja. Choncho, ndizothandiza kumvetsetsa zomwe akutanthauza komanso momwe angakhalire ndi eni ake.

Nambala zagalimoto zofiyira: zikutanthauza chiyani

Zofunikira pa mbale zolembera magalimoto ku Russia zalembedwa m'malemba awiri:

• mu GOST R 50577-93 "Zizindikiro zolembetsa magalimoto a boma. Mitundu ndi miyeso yoyambira. Zofunikira zaukadaulo (ndi Zosintha No. 1, 2, 3, 4)”;
• mu Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ya October 5, 2017 No. 766 "Pa mapepala olembera boma a magalimoto".

Chikalata choyamba chikuwonetsa mbali yaukadaulo ya nkhaniyi: magawo a layisensi, mwa zina, mtundu, miyeso, zinthu, ndi zina zotero. Dongosolo lotchulidwa la Unduna wa Zam'kati lidavomereza mindandanda ya manambala a digito a mabungwe omwe ali ku Russian Federation, komanso manambala agalimoto a mishoni, ma consulates, kuphatikiza olemekezeka, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndi antchito awo ovomerezeka ndi Unduna. ya Foreign Affairs ya Russian Federation.

Zowonjezera A ku GOST R 50577-93 zili ndi mndandanda wamitundu yonse yamalayisensi ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku Russia. Pakati pawo, tiyeni tipereke chidwi chapadera ku mbale zolembera za mtundu wa 9 ndi 10: okhawo omwe mtundu wawo wamtundu uli wofiira. Nambala zamagalimoto zotere, monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu muyezo wa boma, zimaperekedwa kwa magalimoto amishoni zakunja ku Russian Federation zovomerezeka ndi Unduna wa Zakunja waku Russia.

Malinga ndi GOST, zolembedwa pamapepala olembetsa magalimoto amtundu wa 9 ndi 10 amapangidwa ndi zilembo zoyera pamtundu wofiira.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbale zolembera za mtundu wa 9 zikhoza kukhala za atsogoleri a mishoni (kazembe mlingo), ndi mtundu wa 10 - kwa antchito ena a ofesi ya kazembe, ma consulates ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse.

Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wakumbuyo wa mbale zamalayisensi, wokonda chidwi wamagalimoto ayenera kulabadira manambala ndi zilembo zolembedwa pamenepo. Ndi chidziwitsochi chomwe chingakuthandizeni kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza mwiniwake wa galimotoyo.

Phunzirani momwe mungalembere chiphaso chapadziko lonse choyendetsa galimoto: https://bumper.guru/voditelskie-prava/mezhdunarodnoe-voditelskoe-udostoverenie.html

Malembo otchulidwa

Ndi zilembo zomwe zili pamalaisensi ofiira, mutha kudziwa udindo wa wogwira ntchito kumayiko ena.

Malinga ndi ndime 2 ya Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ya October 5, 2017 No. 766 "Pa mapepala olembetsera boma a magalimoto", zilembo zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Mndandanda wa ma CD ndi wa magalimoto a atsogoleri a diplomatic missions.

   

   Mapepala olembetsa a mndandanda wa "CD" akhoza kuikidwa pamagalimoto a mitu ya diplomatic.

2. Series D - kwa magalimoto a mishoni akazembe, mabungwe kazembe, kuphatikizapo otsogozedwa ndi aulemu kazembe akuluakulu, mabungwe mayiko (interstate) ndi antchito awo zovomerezeka ndi Unduna wa Zachilendo wa Chitaganya cha Russia ndi kukhala ndi makadi diplomatic kapena kazembe.

   

   Nambala za mndandanda wa "D" zitha kuyikidwa pamagalimoto a ogwira ntchito kumayiko ena omwe ali ndi mbiri yaukazembe

3. Series T - kwa magalimoto a antchito a mishoni za kazembe, maofesi kazembe, kupatula maofesi a kazembe otsogozedwa ndi olemekezeka a kazembe, mabungwe apadziko lonse (yapakati) ovomerezeka ndi Unduna wa Zachilendo wa Chitaganya cha Russia komanso kukhala ndi makhadi kapena ziphaso.

   

   Nambala zamagalimoto a mndandanda wa "T" amaperekedwa kwa magalimoto a oyang'anira ndi akatswiri omwe alibe udindo waukazembe.

Matchulidwe a manambala

Kuphatikiza pa zilembo, "manambala a diplomatic" ali ndi manambala atatu. Zimasonyeza dziko la diplomatic kapena consular institution kapena dzina la bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi. Zowonjezera 2 ku Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ya October 5, 2017 No. 766 imapatsa munthu aliyense code ya digito ku boma lililonse kapena bungwe lapadziko lonse. Nambala kuchokera ku 001 mpaka 170 ndi ya mayiko, kuyambira 499 mpaka 560 - kupita ku mabungwe apadziko lonse (pakati), 900 - ku mabungwe a consular, kuphatikizapo olemekezeka, mosasamala kanthu za dziko lomwe akuimira.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti manambala mu zakumapeto izi n'zogwirizana ndi dongosolo limene ubale wa mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi Soviet Union unayamba mu 1924 mpaka 1992.

Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zawo, pa nambala zofiira zamagalimoto, monga zina zonse za ku Russia, kachidindo kachigawo kuchokera ku Zowonjezera 1 ya Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 766 ikuwonetsedwa kumanja kwa mbale yolembera.

Table: zizindikiro za maofesi oimira mayiko ena ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse

Apolisi apamsewu	Kuyimilira kwakunja
001	United Kingdom
002	Germany
004	United States
007	France
069	Finland
499	EU Delegation
511	Woimira UN
520	Bungwe la International Labor Organisation
900	Ma Consuls Olemekezeka

Ndani ali ndi ufulu woyika manambala agalimoto ofiira

Ogwira ntchito okha a mabungwe a diplomatic ndi consular, komanso mabungwe apadziko lonse (interstate) ali ndi ufulu woika mbale zolembera zokhala ndi mbiri yofiira. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti osati oimira akazembe okha omwe ali ndi ufulu wotere, komanso oyang'anira ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito zakunja. Potsirizira pake, pofuna chitetezo chowonjezereka, chilolezo chalamulo chapadera chimaperekedwa kwa achibale omwe akukhala nawo.

Mogwirizana ndi Gawo 3 la Gawo 12.2 la Code of Administrative Offences (Code of Administrative Offences) la Russian Federation, kugwiritsa ntchito manambala abodza pagalimoto kulangidwa ndi chindapusa cha 2500 rubles kwa nzika, kuchokera ku 15000 mpaka 20000 rubles. kwa akuluakulu, ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka - kuchokera ku 400000 mpaka 500000 rubles. Nkhani yomweyi mu gawo la 4 imakhazikitsa chilango choopsa kwambiri choyendetsa galimoto ndi nambala zabodza: ​​kulandidwa ufulu kwa miyezi 6 mpaka chaka chimodzi.

Kumbali yanga, ndikufuna ndikuchenjezeni za kugwiritsa ntchito malaisensi ofiira mosaloledwa. Choyamba, sapatsa eni ake mwayi wotsimikizika pamisewu yapagulu popanda zizindikiro zapadera. Kachiwiri, kubera kwa mbale yolembetsera galimoto ndikosavuta kuzindikira, popeza apolisi apamsewu ali ndi luso lozindikira manambala, ngakhale ali pamalo awo. Chachitatu, pali zilango zazikulu zogwiritsa ntchito manambala abodza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati apolisi apamsewu amatha kutsimikizira kuti simunangoyendetsa galimoto ndi mbale zolembera zabodza, komanso kuziyika nokha, ndiye kuti mudzalangidwa mu gawo 3 ndi Gawo 4 la Art. 12.2 ya Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation: chindapusa ndi kulandidwa ufulu kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka.

Makamaka chifukwa cha momwe zinthu zilili ndi gawo lakatangale pakuperekedwa kwa mbale zaukazembe pakati pa oyendetsa galimoto, adadziwika bwino.

Chifukwa cha kusadalirika ndi kuopsa kwa kukhazikitsa manambala abodza, omwe akufuna kudzipangitsa kukhala kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto apeza njira "zozungulira" malamulo. Choyamba, pokhala ndi maubwenzi, amalonda ambiri olemera ndi ophwanya malamulo adalandira manambalawa kuti alandire mphotho yakuthupi, choncho mwayi woperekedwa kwa eni ake kudzera mwa akazembe a mayiko ang'onoang'ono. Kachiwiri, zinali zovomerezeka kupeza manambala amtundu wa 9 kwa nzika zomwe zidakhala ma consul olemekezeka. Zitsanzo za nkhani zonyansa kwambiri za kuperekedwa kosalamulirika kwa mbale zamalayisensi kuchokera ku ofesi ya kazembe ndi akazembe angapezeke m'manyuzipepala (onani, mwachitsanzo: nkhani mu nyuzipepala Argumenty i Fakty kapena Kommersant).

Malamulo a magalimoto omwe ali ndi maofesi akunja ku Russian Federation

Mambale apadera ofiira ofiira, omwe atengedwa m'dziko lathu kuti asankhe magalimoto amisonkhano yaukazembe, amagwira ntchito yofunika: amalola apolisi apamsewu kusiyanitsa magalimoto okhala ndi malamulo apadera pamagalimoto. Mogwirizana ndi Gawo 3 la Art. 22 ya 1961 Convention on Diplomatic Relations inatha ku Vienna, ndi Gawo 4 la Art. 31 ya 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, magalimoto a mishoni zaukazembe ndi akazembe satetezedwa kukusaka, zofunsidwa (kugwidwa ndi aboma), kumangidwa ndi zochita zina.

Ndikofunika kutsindika kuti Russia yakhazikitsa njira yapadera yokhazikitsa chitetezo ndi mwayi, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimatengedwa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi dziko lililonse lomwe Russian Federation ili ndi ubale wa kazembe, mgwirizano wosiyana wamayiko awiri umasainidwa. M'menemo, kuchuluka kwa zokonda zoperekedwa kumatha kusiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi Msonkhano wa Vienna wa 1963. Choncho, udindo wa magalimoto a consular ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akhoza kusiyana kwambiri.

Kuwonjezera pa magalimoto, ndithudi, akazembe okha, ogwira ntchito ku maofesi a consular ali ndi chitetezo malinga ndi udindo wawo. Mwachitsanzo, Ndime 31 ya Msonkhano Wachigawo wa Vienna wa 1963 imazindikira kusatetezedwa kuulamuliro waupandu wa dziko lolandirako, komanso utsogoleri ndi ulamulilo wa anthu, zoletsa zing'onozing'ono, kwa nthumwi zaukazembe. Ndiko kuti, nthumwi yaukazembe, komanso antchito ena a mishoni zakunja, sangakhale ndi mlandu ndi mabungwe aboma mwanjira ina iliyonse, pokhapokha ngati boma lotumiza likuchotsa chitetezo chawo (Article 32 ya 1961 Vienna Convention).

Kusatetezedwa sikutanthauza kusalangidwa kwathunthu kwa wogwira ntchito ku diplomatic mission kapena ofesi ya kazembe, chifukwa atha kuyimbidwa mlandu ndi boma lomwe linamutumiza ku Russian Federation.

Omwe ali ndi manambala ofiira amasangalala ndi chitetezo cha diplomatic

Zomwe zimanenedwa m'mapangano apadziko lonse ovomerezedwa ndi Russia ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa malamulo adziko motsatira Gawo 4 la Art. 15 ya Constitution of the Russian Federation, motero, malamulo oteteza magalimoto amawonetsedwanso m'malamulo athu. M'malamulo atsopano oyang'anira apolisi apamsewu (Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ya August 23.08.2017, 664 N 292), gawo lina lapadera limaperekedwa ku malamulo okhudzana ndi kugwirizana ndi magalimoto a anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo ku ulamuliro wolamulira. Mogwirizana ndi ndime XNUMX ya Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, njira zoyang'anira zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nzika zakunja zomwe zili ndi chitetezo:

• kuyang'anira magalimoto, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono ndi njira zapadera zogwirira ntchito;
• kuyimitsa galimoto;
• choyimitsa oyenda pansi;
• kutsimikizira zikalata, mbale zolembera za boma za galimotoyo, komanso luso la galimoto yomwe ikugwira ntchito;
• kupanga ndondomeko pamilandu ya utsogoleri;
• kupereka chigamulo choyambitsa mlandu pa zolakwa za utsogoleri ndikuchita kafukufuku wotsogolera;
• kuperekedwa kwa chigamulo cha kukana kuyambitsa mlandu pamlandu wolamulira;
• kufufuza kwa mkhalidwe wa kuledzera;
• kutumizidwa kukayezetsa kuchipatala chifukwa chaledzera;
• kuperekedwa kwa chigamulo pa mlandu wa zolakwa za utsogoleri;
• kupanga ndondomeko yoyendera malo olakwira olamulira.

Phunzirani momwe mungayang'anire galimoto ndi VIN: https://bumper.guru/pokupka-prodazha/gibdd-proverka-avtomobilya.html

Koma apolisi alibe mphamvu zokopa nzika zakunja zopanda chitetezo ku ulamuliro wa Russian Federation. Malingana ndi ndime 295 ya Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, pamene galimoto imayambitsa ngozi kwa ena, apolisi ali ndi ufulu woimitsa galimoto yokhala ndi mbale za diplomatic pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zilipo. Iwo akuyenera kufotokoza izi mwachangu kwa ogwira nawo ntchito mu dipatimenti yowona zamkati m'boma. Ayeneranso kudziwitsa za zomwe zidachitika ku Unduna wa Zachilendo ku Russia komanso ntchito yaukazembe yomwe ili ndi galimotoyo. Apolisi apamsewu okha alibe ufulu wolowa mgalimoto ndipo mwanjira ina amalumikizana ndi dalaivala ndi okwera popanda chilolezo chawo.

Apolisi apamsewu, akuwopa kuti angakumane ndi vuto laukazembe, salabadira kuphwanya kwa oyendetsa magalimoto okhala ndi manambala ofiira.

Kupanda kutero, magalimoto okhala ndi manambala ofiira amatsatiridwa ndi malamulo apamsewu ndipo alibe zabwino kuposa ena ogwiritsa ntchito msewu. Kupatulapo pamalamulo nthawi zambiri kumachitika magalimoto akazembe akudutsa, limodzi ndi magalimoto apolisi apamsewu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapadera malinga ndi Mutu 3 wa SDA. Galimoto yokhala ndi nyali zowunikira imatha kunyalanyaza maloboti, malire othamanga, malamulo oyendetsa ndi kupitilira, ndi zina. Ndalama zapadera, monga lamulo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ndi atsogoleri a mishoni pazochitika zofunika komanso zofulumira.

Ndi zolondola zomwe tatchulazi, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti apolisi apamsewu amazengereza kwambiri kuyimitsa magalimoto okhala ndi zikalata zolembetsera, posankha kunyalanyaza zolakwa zazing'ono. Ndipo eni ake a magalimoto okhala ndi manambala ofiira nthawi zambiri amachita zonyansa m'misewu, kunyalanyaza osati miyambo yaulemu, komanso malamulo apamsewu. Chifukwa chake, samalani m'misewu ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, pewani nawo mikangano yopanda pake!

Zambiri za ngozi zapamsewu: https://bumper.guru/dtp/chto-takoe-dtp.html

Manambala ofiira pamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi

Anthu ambiri a m’dziko lathu amene amapita kumayiko ena amakana zoyendera za anthu onse m’malo motengera zaumwini. Ndikofunika kuti aphunzire malamulo oyambirira a khalidwe m'misewu ya dziko lokhalamo, lomwe lingakhale losiyana kwambiri ndi la Russia. Zinthu ndi zofanana ndi mbale zofiira zofiira: kutengera boma, amapeza matanthauzo osiyanasiyana.

Ukraine

Malaisensi ofiira aku Ukraine okhala ndi zilembo zoyera ndi zakuda komanso manambala amaimira magalimoto apaulendo. Popeza amaperekedwa kwa nthawi yochepa, zinthu zolembera mbale ndi pulasitiki, osati zitsulo. Kuonjezera apo, mwezi wotulutsidwa umasonyezedwa pa nambala yokha, kuti zikhale zosavuta kukhazikitsa tsiku lomaliza ntchito.

Nambala zamayendedwe aku Ukraine zofiira

Belarus

Ku Union Republic, ziphaso zofiira, monga momwe zilili m'dziko lathu, zimaperekedwa kwa magalimoto amishoni zakunja. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha: msilikali wamkulu wa Unduna wa Zamkatimu wa Republic of Belarus akhoza kukhala mwini wa galimoto yokhala ndi nambala yofiira.

Europe

Mu European Union, chitsanzo chimodzi chogwiritsira ntchito mbale zofiira za galimoto sichinapangidwe. Ku Bulgaria ndi Denmark, magalimoto okhala ndi zilembo zofiira amatumizira ma eyapoti. Ku Belgium, manambala okhazikika ali ofiira. Ku Greece, oyendetsa taxi adalandira manambala ofiira. Ndipo Hungary apatsidwa mayendedwe omwe amatha kupanga liwiro lotsika.

Kanema: za kugwiritsa ntchito manambala ofiira ku Germany yamakono

Manambala ofiira ku Germany, chifukwa chiyani amafunikira komanso momwe angapangire?

Asia

Ku Armenia, Mongolia ndi Kazakhstan, mapepala ofiira ofiira, monga ku Russia, ali ndi udindo wa oimira akunja.

Ku Turkey, pali mitundu iwiri ya manambala okhala ndi maziko ofiira:

• kwa magalimoto aboma;
• kwa ma rector ndi ogwira ntchito m'maboma ang'onoang'ono.

United States

Dziko la United States ndi dziko lolamulidwa ndi boma, choncho ulamuliro wokhazikitsa mfundo za mbale zolembetsera galimoto ndi wa dziko lililonse payekha. Mwachitsanzo, ku Pennsylvania, magalimoto obwera mwadzidzidzi amalandira mbale zofiira, ndipo ku Ohio, zolemba zofiira pamtundu wachikasu zimawonetsa madalaivala oledzera pamsewu.

Mayiko ena

Ku Canada, ziphaso zodziwika bwino zamalaisensi zimakhala zofiira pa maziko oyera. Tili ku Brazil, maziko ofiira a malaisensi amakhala m'mayendedwe apagulu.

Mapepala olembera magalimoto ofiira m'mayiko a dziko lapansi ali ndi zolinga zosiyana. Iwo ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - chikhumbo cha akuluakulu a boma kuti awonetsere galimotoyo mumayendedwe, kuti awonekere kwa oyenda pansi ozungulira, oyendetsa galimoto ndi apolisi. Ku Russia, manambala ofiira amakhala ndi akazembe. Mitundu yowala ya mbalezo imapangidwira kusonyeza udindo wapadera wa galimoto ya diplomatic mission kapena bungwe lina lakunja.