Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito injini ya dizilo - chithunzi ndi kanema wa ndondomekoyi

Injini za dizilo zatha kudutsa njira yayitali komanso yopambana yachitukuko kuchokera ku magawo osagwira ntchito komanso oyipitsa azaka zoyambirira zazaka za zana la makumi awiri kupita ku chuma chambiri komanso chopanda phokoso, chomwe tsopano chayikidwa mu theka labwino la magalimoto onse opangidwa lero. Koma, ngakhale kusinthidwa bwino koteroko, mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito yawo, yomwe imasiyanitsa injini za dizilo ndi mafuta a petulo, yakhala yofanana. Tiyeni tiyese kulingalira nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa injini za dizilo ndi injini zamafuta?

Zadziwika kale kuchokera ku dzina lokha kuti injini za dizilo sizimayendetsa mafuta, koma pamafuta a dizilo, omwe amatchedwanso mafuta a dizilo, mafuta a dizilo kapena dizilo. Sitingafufuze mwatsatanetsatane momwe mafuta amayeretsera mafuta, timangonena kuti mafuta ndi dizilo amapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta. Pa distillation, mafuta amagawidwa m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana:

• mpweya - propane, butane, methane;
• sledges (zakudya zazifupi) - zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosungunulira;
• petulo ndi kuphulika ndi mofulumira nthunzi mandala madzi;
• palafini ndi dizilo ndi zakumwa zokhala ndi chikasu chachikasu komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kuposa mafuta.

Ndiye kuti, mafuta a dizilo amapangidwa kuchokera kuzigawo zolemera za mafuta, chizindikiro chake chofunikira kwambiri ndikuyaka, chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi nambala ya cetane. Mafuta a dizilo amakhalanso ndi sulfure yambiri, yomwe, komabe, akuyesera kuchepetsa mwa njira zonse kuti mafuta agwirizane ndi chilengedwe.

Monga mafuta, dizilo amagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera kutentha:

• chirimwe;
• chisanu;
• Arctic.

Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa kuti mafuta a dizilo amapangidwa osati kuchokera ku mafuta okha, komanso kuchokera kumafuta osiyanasiyana a masamba - kanjedza, soya, rapeseed, etc., wothira mowa wamakampani - methanol.

Komabe, mafuta akutsanuliridwa si kusiyana kwakukulu. Ngati tiyang'ana pa injini ya mafuta ndi dizilo "mu nkhani", ndiye kuti sitingazindikire kusiyana kulikonse - pistoni, ndodo, crankshaft, flywheel, ndi zina zotero. Koma pali kusiyana ndipo ndikofunika kwambiri.

Mfundo ntchito injini dizilo

Mosiyana ndi petulo, mu injini ya dizilo, kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumayatsidwa molingana ndi mfundo yosiyana kotheratu. Ngati mu petulo - onse mu carburetor ndi jekeseni - injini, kusakaniza kumakonzedwa poyamba ndikuyatsidwa ndi spark plug, ndiye mu injini ya dizilo mpweya umalowetsedwa mu chipinda choyaka cha pisitoni, ndiye kuti mpweya umakanizidwa. Kutentha mpaka madigiri 700, ndipo panthawiyi mafuta amalowa m'chipindamo, chomwe chimaphulika ndikukankhira pisitoni pansi.

Ma injini a dizilo ali ndi sitiroko zinayi. Tiyeni tiwone kugunda kulikonse:

1. Sitiroko yoyamba - pisitoni imatsika, valavu yolowera imatsegulidwa, potero mpweya umalowa m'chipinda choyaka;
2. Kuzungulira kwachiwiri - pisitoni imayamba kukwera, mpweya umayamba kuponderezana ndikuwotcha, ndipamene mafuta a dizilo amalowetsedwa kudzera mumphuno, amayaka;
3. Kuzungulira kwachitatu kukugwira ntchito, kuphulika kumachitika, pisitoni imayamba kusuntha;
4. Sitiroko yachinayi - valavu yotulutsa imatseguka ndipo mipweya yonse yotulutsa mpweya imatuluka munjira zambiri kapena mumipumi yamagetsi.

Inde, zonsezi zimachitika mofulumira kwambiri - zikwi zingapo zosintha pamphindi imodzi, zimafuna ntchito yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa zigawo zonse - pistoni, masilinda, camshaft, ndodo zolumikizira crankshaft, ndipo makamaka masensa - omwe ayenera kufalitsa mazana a pulses pamphindi. CPU yopangira pompopompo ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwamafuta ofunikira a mpweya ndi dizilo.

Injini za dizilo zimapereka mphamvu zambiri, chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto, kuphatikiza, mathirakitala, zida zankhondo ndi zina zotero. DT ndi yotsika mtengo, koma tisaiwale kuti injini yokha ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ntchito, chifukwa psinjika mlingo pano ndi pafupifupi kawiri kuposa mafuta, motero, pistoni kapangidwe wapadera chofunika, ndi zigawo zonse, mbali ndi zipangizo. zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimalimbikitsidwa, ndiko kuti, zimadula mtengo.

Zofunikira zolimba kwambiri zimayikidwanso pamakina operekera mafuta komanso makina otulutsa mpweya. Palibe injini imodzi ya dizilo yomwe ingagwire ntchito popanda pampu yamafuta apamwamba komanso odalirika - pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri. Zimatsimikizira kupezeka kwamafuta koyenera pamphuno iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, injini za dizilo zimagwiritsa ntchito ma turbines - ndi thandizo lawo, mipweya yotulutsa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, motero imawonjezera mphamvu ya injini.

Dizilo ilinso ndi zovuta zingapo:

• kuchuluka kwa phokoso;
• zinyalala zambiri - mafuta ndi mafuta kwambiri, kotero muyenera kusintha zosefera pafupipafupi, kuwunika utsi;
• mavuto poyambira, makamaka ozizira, choyambira champhamvu kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mafuta amakula mwachangu pamene kutentha kumatsika;
• kukonza ndi okwera mtengo, makamaka zida zamafuta.

Mwachidule - kwa aliyense wake, injini za dizilo zimadziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma SUV amphamvu ndi magalimoto. Kwa munthu wokhala mumzinda wosavuta yemwe amapita kuntchito - kuchokera kuntchito ndikuchoka mumzinda kumapeto kwa sabata, injini yamafuta yamafuta ochepa ndiyokwanira.

Kanema akuwonetsa mfundo yonse yogwiritsira ntchito injini yoyaka mkati mwa dizilo

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