Magudumu anayi kuchokera ku Audi - Quattro

Quattro ndi makina oyendetsa ma wheel onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a Audi. Mapangidwewo amapangidwa mumayendedwe apamwamba, obwerekedwa ku ma SUV - injini ndi gearbox zili motalika. Dongosolo lanzeru limapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri malinga ndi momwe msewu ulili komanso ma gudumu. Makinawa ali ndi kasamalidwe kabwino komanso kamagwira pamtundu uliwonse wamsewu.

Kodi Quattro inabwera bwanji?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa Geneva Motor Show mu 1980, galimoto yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi magudumu onse. Chitsanzo chinali galimoto ya jeep Volkswagen Iltis. Mayesero pa chitukuko chake chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 adawonetsa kagwiridwe kabwino ndi machitidwe odziwikiratu m'misewu yoterera ya chipale chofewa. Lingaliro loyambitsa lingaliro la jeep yamagudumu onse pamapangidwe agalimoto idakhazikitsidwa pamtundu wa Audi 80.

Kupambana kosalekeza kwa Audi Quattro yoyamba mu mpikisano wothamanga kunatsimikizira kulondola kwa lingaliro la magudumu onse. Mosiyana ndi kukayikira kwa otsutsa, omwe mkangano wawo waukulu unali kuchuluka kwa kufalitsa, njira zopangira umisiri wanzeru zidasintha choyipa ichi kukhala chopindulitsa.

Watsopano Audi Quattro anali yodziwika ndi bata kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha masanjidwe opatsirana, kugawa pafupifupi kulemera kwabwinoko pama axles kunatheka. Audi yoyendetsa magudumu onse mu 1980 idakhala nthano yosangalatsa komanso mpikisano wapadera.

Kukula kwa Quattro all-wheel drive system

M'badwo woyamba

Dongosolo la m'badwo woyamba wa quattro linali ndi ma axle ndi ma gudumu apakati ndi kuthekera kotseka mokakamiza ndi makina oyendetsa. Mu 1981, dongosolo linasinthidwa, maloko anayamba kuyendetsedwa ndi pneumatics.

Zithunzi: Quattro, 80, Quattro Cupe, 100.

Mbadwo wachiwiri

Mu 1987, malo a free center axle adatengedwa ndi self-locking limited slip differential Torsen Type 1. Chitsanzocho chinasiyanitsidwa ndi makonzedwe ozungulira a satellite gears pokhudzana ndi shaft yoyendetsa galimoto. Kutumiza kwa torque kumasiyanasiyana 50/50 m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, mpaka 80% ya mphamvu imasamutsidwa kupita ku ekseli ndikugwira bwino kwambiri pakutsetsereka. Kusiyanitsa kumbuyo kunali ndi ntchito yotsegula yokha pa liwiro la 25 km / h.

Zithunzi: 100, Quattro, 80/90 quattro NG, S2, RS2 Avant, S4, A6, S6.

III m'badwo

Mu 1988, loko yamagetsi yamagetsi idayambitsidwa. Makokedwewo anagawira pamodzi ma axles, poganizira mphamvu ya kumamatira kwawo msewu. Kuwongolera kunkachitidwa ndi dongosolo la EDS, lomwe linachedwetsa gudumu lokoka. Zamagetsi zimangolumikiza kutsekereza kwa ma multiplate clutch apakati komanso kusiyana kwaulele kutsogolo. Kusiyanitsa kwa Torsen limited slip kusunthira ku ekseli yakumbuyo.

IV m'badwo

1995 - makina okhoma amagetsi amitundu yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo yaulere adayikidwa. Kusiyanitsa kwapakati - Torsen Type 1 kapena Type 2. Kugawa kwa torque kwanthawi zonse - 50/50 ndikutha kusamutsa mpaka 75% ya mphamvu ku axle imodzi.

Zithunzi: A4, S4, RS4, A6, S6, RS6, allroad, A8, S8.

V m'badwo

Mu 2006, mtundu wa Torsen Type3 asymmetrical center unayambitsidwa. Chosiyana ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyomu ndikuti ma satelayiti ali molumikizana ndi shaft yoyendetsa. Kusiyanitsa kwapakati - kwaulere, ndi loko yamagetsi. Kugawa kwa torque pansi pazikhalidwe zabwinobwino kumachitika mu gawo la 40/60. Mukatsetsereka, mphamvu imawonjezeka kufika 70% kutsogolo ndi 80% kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la ESP, zidatheka kusamutsa mpaka 100% ya torque kupita ku ekisi.

Zithunzi: S4, RS4, Q7.

VI mbadwo

Mu 2010, zinthu kamangidwe ka galimoto zonse gudumu latsopano Audi RS5 zasintha kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kwapakati pamapangidwe athu adakhazikitsidwa kutengera ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi magiya athyathyathya. Poyerekeza ndi Torsen, iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoperekera torque yokhazikika pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana.

Pogwira ntchito bwino, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu cha ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo ndi 40:60. Ngati ndi kotheka, masiyanidwe amasamutsidwa mpaka 75% ya mphamvu kutsogolo ndi 85% kumbuyo. Ndikosavuta kuphatikiza mumagetsi owongolera. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kusiyana kwatsopano, maonekedwe a galimoto amasintha mosinthasintha malinga ndi mikhalidwe iliyonse: mphamvu ya kugwidwa kwa matayala pamsewu, chikhalidwe cha kayendetsedwe kake ndi kayendetsedwe ka galimoto.

Kupanga dongosolo lamakono

Kutumiza kwamakono kwa Quattro kumakhala ndi zinthu zazikulu izi:

• Kutumiza.
• Chotsani vuto ndi kusiyanasiyana pakati pa nyumba imodzi.
• Zida zazikulu zophatikizidwa mwadongosolo munyumba zosiyanitsa zakumbuyo.
• Msonkhano wa Cardan womwe umatumiza torque kuchokera kusiyanitsa pakati kupita ku ma axles oyendetsedwa.
• Kusiyana kwapakati komwe kumagawa mphamvu pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
• Masiyanidwe amtundu wamtundu wakutsogolo ndi kutseka kwamagetsi.
• Electronic freewheel kumbuyo kusiyana.

Dongosolo la Quattro limadziwika ndi kudalirika kowonjezereka komanso kulimba kwa zinthu. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zaka makumi atatu za ntchito yopanga ndi kusonkhana magalimoto Audi. Zolephera zomwe zachitika makamaka zakhala chifukwa chosayenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso.

Kufotokozera Ntchito Quattro

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa dongosolo la Quattro kumatengera kugawa kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa mphamvu panthawi ya gudumu. Zamagetsi zimawerengera kuwerengera kwa masensa a anti-lock braking system ndikuyerekeza kuthamanga kwa angular kwa mawilo onse. Ngati imodzi mwa mawilo idutsa malire ovuta, imaphuka. Nthawi yomweyo, loko yosiyana imayatsidwa, ndipo torque imagawidwa molingana ndi gudumu ndikugwira bwino.

Zamagetsi zimagawa mphamvu molingana ndi algorithm yotsimikiziridwa. Algorithm yogwira ntchito, yopangidwa chifukwa cha mayeso osawerengeka ndikuwunika momwe galimoto imayendera pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana komanso malo amsewu, imatsimikizira chitetezo chokwanira. Izi zimapangitsa kuyendetsa galimoto kukhala chodziwikiratu pazovuta.

Kuchita bwino kwa ma interlocks omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso makina oyendetsa magetsi amalola magalimoto a Audi okhala ndi magudumu onse kuti asunthe popanda kutsetsereka pamtundu uliwonse wa msewu. Katunduyu amapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri zosinthika komanso luso loyendetsa magalimoto m'maiko osiyanasiyana.

Плюсы

• Kukhazikika kwabwino kwambiri komanso mphamvu.
• Kusamalira bwino ndi maneuverability.
• Kudalirika kwambiri.

Минусы

• Kuchuluka kwamafuta.
• Zofunikira zokhwima zamalamulo ndi machitidwe ogwirira ntchito.
• Mtengo wokwera wokonza ngati chinthu chalephera.

Quattro ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera magudumu onse, yotsimikiziridwa pakapita nthawi komanso m'mikhalidwe yovuta yothamanga. Zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso mayankho abwino kwambiri athandizira kuyendetsa bwino kwadongosolo kwazaka zambiri. Makhalidwe abwino oyendetsa magalimoto a Audi all-wheel drive atsimikizira izi kwazaka zopitilira 30.