Ndi makina otani oyendetsa magalimoto onse

M'galimoto yoyendetsa magudumu onse, kutumizirako kumapangidwira kuti azitumiza torque kumawilo onse anayi. ziwembu zosiyanasiyana kulola mphamvu zonse za galimoto mawu amphamvu, kusamalira ndi yogwira chitetezo, malingana ndi ntchito yake. Ma gudumu onse oyendetsa amatha kutchedwa 4x4, 4wd kapena AWD.

Ubwino wa ma wheel drive

Ubwino wa galimoto yokhala ndi ma gudumu onse ndi osavuta kumvetsetsa potengera kuipa kwa galimoto yoyendetsa mawilo awiri, yomwe imakhala ndi chingwe chimodzi (kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo), i.e. mawilo oyendetsa ali kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa kusiyana kwaufulu m'magalimoto ambiri a bajeti mumsewu wovuta kumabweretsa kuti gudumu loyendetsa galimoto limakhala lomwe limakhala lovuta kwambiri pamsewu. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kusiyana. Kuonjezera apo, ngati mawilo onse ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira, mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti magudumu azizungulira, kutaya mphamvu, kapena kugwidwa. Izi ndi zolakwika za monodrive, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka m'misewu yoterera komanso yopanda msewu. Kuti athetse zofooka izi, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyana zodzitsekera pakati pa mawilo.

Koma njira yabwino ndiyo kuyika mawilo onse poyendetsa mapangidwe opatsirana ndi zigawo zofunika. Magudumu onse amapatsa galimoto ubwino wotsatirawu:

1. patency yabwino;
2. kugwira bwino poyambira pamalo oterera;
3. kukhazikika kwamayendedwe ndi machitidwe odziwikiratu m'misewu yoterera.

Zida zoyendetsa magudumu onse

Kutumiza kwagalimoto yama wheel drive kumakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu izi:

• kufala kwamanja kapena basi;
• chotengera chotengera kapena multiplate clutch (clutch);
• kusiyana pakati;
• kufala kwa cardan;
• kusiyana kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo;
• chipangizo chowongolera.

Mitundu ya ma wheel drive

Permanent pagalimoto

4 × 4 okhazikika magudumu anayi pagalimoto ndi mtundu wa galimoto imene makokedwe opatsirana kuchokera injini mawilo onse. Kuyendetsa kotereku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakina amagulu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi injini yotalikirapo kapena yopingasa. Kuonetsetsa kugawa kokwanira kwa ma torque, makina amakono a ma wheel drive ali ndi maloko osiyanitsira okha (odzitsekera) ndi mwayi wogawa mphamvu pama axles mosiyanasiyana.

Zamagetsi zimagwirizanitsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Mtundu uwu wa magudumu onse ndi njira yotsogola kwambiri yachitetezo chogwira ntchito komanso mphamvu zoyendetsa.

Zoyipa: kuchuluka kwamafuta komanso kunyamula kosalekeza pamagawo otumizira.

Okhazikika gudumu anayi pagalimoto ntchito magalimoto awo opanga monga Audi (Quattro), BMW (xDrive), Mercedes (4Matic) ndi ena.

Kukakamiza kulumikizana

Kwa ma SUVs, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito magudumu onse ndikulumikizana mokakamizidwa. Imakonzedwa molingana ndi dongosolo lokhazikika, kusiyana kokha pakati kulibe. Chingwe choyendetsa chili kumbuyo, cholumikizira cholumikizidwa chili kutsogolo. Torque imatumizidwa ku axle yakutsogolo kudzera pachombo chosinthira pamanja.

Dalaivala amatembenuza pawokha magudumu anayi pogwiritsa ntchito levers kapena mabatani owongolera asanathe kugonjetsa malo ovuta kapena, mwachitsanzo, kunja kwa msewu. Kuphatikizika kwa mlandu wosinthira kumatsimikizira kulumikizana kolimba pakati pa ma axles ndi kugawa kofanana kwa torque mu chiŵerengero chofanana. Chizindikiro cha 4WD pagawo chimayatsa. Nthawi zambiri, mapangidwewo amaperekanso kuthekera kwa kutsekeka kolimba kwa ma axle osiyana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magiya apamwamba ndi otsika.

Pamene magudumu onse alumikizidwa, zigawo zotumizira zimagwidwa ndi katundu wolemera, ndipo kuyendetsa galimoto kumawonongeka kwambiri. M'malo oyendetsa bwino, chotengera chosinthira chimachotsedwa, chizindikiro cha magudumu anayi chimatuluka, ndikuyendetsa kumayendetsedwa kumbuyo. Kutumiza kumagwira ntchito ndi katundu wochepa, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wake wautumiki ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Kukakamizidwa kwa magudumu anayi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ma SUV. Mwachitsanzo, Toyota Land Cruiser ndi Land Rover Defender.

Kulumikizana basi

Dongosolo loyendetsa magudumu onse okhala ndi kulumikizana kwadzidzidzi linapangidwa poganizira kuthekera kolumikiza chitsulo chachiwiri ndi chotsogolera. Ekseli yayikulu ikhoza kukhala kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo. Pamene kusiyana kwa liwiro pakati pa mawilo kumalembedwa, kugundana kwapakati pa kusiyana kwapakati kumakonzedwa ndi chizindikiro chochokera ku control unit ndipo traction imayamba kufalikira ku mawilo onse. Zitsanzo zina zimapereka mwayi wozimitsa 4x4 mode, ndipo galimotoyo imakhala monodrive. Mitundu yamagalimoto a Volkswagen imagwiritsa ntchito 4Motion magudumu onse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma wheel drive

Malingana ndi kalasi ndi cholinga cha makina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magudumu onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Kwa magalimoto apamwamba omwe chitonthozo, kuwongolera ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri, kuyendetsa pamagetsi kokhazikika ndi njira yabwino. Ma SUV apamwamba amaphatikiza kuyendetsa kwa magudumu anayi okhazikika ndikukakamiza magudumu anayi ndi mwayi wosiyanitsidwa molimba. Magudumu onse amayendetsedwa pakompyuta ndikuwongolera. Ngati ndi kotheka, dalaivala amatsegula loko yolimba ngati, mwachitsanzo, muyenera kutuluka m'matope.

Kwa ma SUV omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta, kukakamiza magudumu onse ndikoyenera. Izi zimathetsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsera magetsi okwera mtengo komanso kusiyana kocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwewo akhale odalirika komanso osavuta. Ngati ndi kotheka, dalaivala mwiniyo amatsegula loko.

M'magalimoto apakati ndi kalasi yachuma, ma wheel-wheel drive ndi masiyanidwe aulere amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yothetsera vutoli imathetsa kufunikira kwa kusiyana kotsika mtengo kochepa komanso kuwongolera zamagetsi, kumapereka ntchito zovomerezeka zapamsewu m'misewu yachisanu ndikusunga mafuta.