N'chifukwa chiyani galimoto yamoto imatuluka?
Zamkatimu
Ulalo pakati pa injini yagalimoto ndi gearbox ndi clutch. Ntchito yake ndikusamutsa torque kuchokera ku flywheel yokhazikika kupita ku crankshaft kupita ku shaft yolowera mu gearbox. Kuonjezera apo, kupyolera mu kufalitsa, kuzungulira kumafalikira ku mawilo.
Chigawochi chimakhala ndi katundu wofunika kwambiri, makamaka m'matauni, momwe mumayenera kusintha magiya ndikugwirana ndi clutch nthawi ndi nthawi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi, ziwalo zimatha ndipo clutch imayamba kulephera. Vuto lofala kwambiri lomwe oyendetsa galimoto amayenera kuthana nalo ndikuterera. Monga lamulo, zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, poyamba mosadziwika bwino, koma zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la galimotoyo.
Kuti mumvetse chomwe chiri komanso chifukwa chake chikuchitika, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino kamangidwe ndi mfundo za clutch.
Momwe clutch imagwirira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za unit iyi ndi disk drive, drive (pressure) disc, diaphragm spring, clutch yokhala ndi kumasulidwa, foloko yotulutsa ndi galimoto. Komanso, ntchentche yaikulu yomwe imayikidwa pa shank ya crankshaft, yomwe, monga mukudziwa, imayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi injini pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira, imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi ntchito ya clutch.
Diski yoyendetsedwa imakhala ndi zomangira zosagwira kutentha komanso zosavala zomangira. Popanga, zosakaniza zapadera za resins ndi mphira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwonjezera zidutswa zamkuwa kapena waya wamkuwa, fiberglass, ceramics ndi zipangizo zina. Mapadi amamangiriridwa ku diski ndi rivets kapena glue. Ndi gawo ili lomwe limakhala ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito ndipo, monga lamulo, ndilo loyamba kulephera. Ma disk oyendetsedwa nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi, koma pakhoza kukhala awiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Kasupe wa diaphragm nthawi zambiri amakhala wogwirizana ndi diski yoyendetsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa dengu. Kasupe ali ndi ma petals omwe amakanikiza mwamphamvu chimbale choyendetsedwa ndi flywheel. M'mapangidwe ena, m'malo mwa kasupe wa diaphragm, pangakhale zingapo zozungulira zomwe zili mozungulira mozungulira.
Chifukwa cha kugunda kwamphamvu, disk yoyendetsedwa imazungulira pamodzi ndi flywheel. Ndipo popeza diskiyo imatetezedwa ku shaft yolowera mu bokosi la gear kudzera pa cholumikizira cholumikizira, torque imaperekedwa kuchokera ku gearbox. Ikakhala mu giya, shaft yolowera imasunthira kuzungulira kutsinde lachiwiri, ndikudutsamo kupita kumayendedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawilo azizungulira.
Kutulutsa kumatha kukhala kwamakina, ma hydraulic kapena pneumatic ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi clutch pedal. Ma hydraulics amalola kuti anthu azigwirana momasuka komanso kuti asatengeke pamagalimoto onyamula anthu. Ndipo ma pneumatics amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto okha. Pamene chopondapo sichikuvutika maganizo, clutch ikugwira ntchito, mbale ya clutch imakanizidwa mwamphamvu ndi flywheel ndi mbale yokakamiza.
Chopondapo choponderezedwa chimachita pagalimoto, chinthu chachikulu chomwe mumtundu wamakina ndi chingwe chachitsulo. Chingwecho chikakoka, foloko yotulutsa clutch imazungulira pa axis yake ndikukankhira pachotulutsa (kutulutsa clutch).
Chonyamulacho chimayikidwa pa shaft yolowera mu gearbox ndipo imatha kusuntha motsatira mbali yake. Pansi pa chisonkhezero cha foloko yotulutsa, chotulutsa chotulutsa chimapindikiza kasupe diaphragm pakati, kukakamiza ma petals ake kumasula kukakamiza m'mphepete. Chotsatira chake, chimbale choyendetsedwa chimachoka kutali ndi flywheel ndipo malo aulere amawoneka pakati pawo. Kutumiza kwa torque kumalo ochezera kumayimitsidwa. Tsopano mutha kusintha magiya popanda chiopsezo chowononga magiya amakina.
Ngati galimotoyo imagwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulics, chopondera chimalumikizidwa ndi chopondapo pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha pivot, chomwe chimakanikizira pisitoni ya silinda ya clutch master. Silinda ya master imapopa madzi ogwirira ntchito kudzera mupaipi kupita ku silinda yogwira ntchito, yomwe imagwira ntchito pa pulagi yotseka.
Momwe mungadziwire kukhalapo kwa kutsetsereka
Pamene clutch ikutsetsereka, ndiko kutayika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, komwe kumawonekera kwambiri paphiri. Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kumavutikanso. Poyendetsa magiya otsika, galimotoyo imatha kugwedezeka.
Ngakhale kuti vutoli silinayambe kuonekera, zikhoza kuwoneka ngati mphamvu yamagetsi sikukoka. Komabe, zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza mwachindunji kumamatira pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kuonekera. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi fungo lochokera ku kukangana kwakukulu kwa kusanjikiza kwa clutch disc pamwamba pa flywheel. Kununkhira kumakumbukira mphira wowotchedwa ndipo kumamveka mu kanyumba.
Kuvuta kusuntha ndi kugwedezeka pamene mukusuntha magiya ndi zizindikiro zofala za kutsetsereka. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti tiyambe.
Kuonjezera apo, kugwira, kugaya, kapena kumveka kwina kosazolowereka kumasonyeza mavuto a clutch, makamaka ngati ali osiyana pamene pedal ikuvutika maganizo ndikumasulidwa. Nthawi zina kugwedezeka kumawonedwa, chopondapo chimatha kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu kapena, mosiyana, kugwa, ndipo kuyenda kwake kwaulere kumatha kuwonjezeka.
Zimachitikanso kuti chopondapo chowongolera chikanikizidwa, ma disks samasiyana kwathunthu, kukhalabe polumikizana. Pachifukwa ichi, amalankhula za kusamalidwa kosakwanira kwa clutch. Mutha kuwona izi motere. Ndi injini ikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri, tsitsani pedal njira yonse ndikuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira. Kuvuta kuyatsa ndi kumveka kwakunja kudzawonetsa kukhalapo kwa zovuta.
Chifukwa chiyani kutsetsereka kumachitika komanso momwe mungathanirane nako
Posakhalitsa, clutch iliyonse imayamba kutsetsereka. Kusapeŵeka kwa vutoli kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi. Pomwe diski yokhazikika imalumikizana ndi pamwamba pa flywheel yozungulira, kukangana kwakukulu kumachitika. Chotsatira chake, kupaka kwa mikangano pang'onopang'ono kumatha, kumatha, ndipo kumakhala kochepa. Panthawi ina, kukhudzana kumakhala kosakwanira mokwanira, ndipo disk yoyendetsedwa imayamba kutsetsereka pokhudzana ndi flywheel. Izi ndi zomwe slippage ndi.
Ngakhale clutch disc imatha kunenedwa kuti ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, mutha kukulitsa pang'ono gwero lake ngati mutatsatira malamulo ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuvala kwa clutch kumachulukitsidwa kwambiri ndi chizoloŵezi choipa cha madalaivala ena, omwe, kuyambira pa malo, amapuma kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amamasula kachipangizo kameneka.
Kuyendetsa mwachangu m'magiya otsika sikungawonongenso zowawa. Muzochitika zonsezi, chimbale choyendetsedwa chimatsika kwakanthawi ndipo chimafufutidwa mosayenera.
Chizoloŵezi china ndikusunga chopondapo chodetsa nkhawa pamagalimoto kapena magalimoto - ngakhale sichiwononga chimbale, chimathandizira kuvala kwa masika ndikutulutsa. Kuchotsa zizolowezi zoipa izi kudzakulitsa moyo wa chipangizo chanu ndikukupulumutsirani ndalama.
Njira yolondola yoyambira kuyendetsa ndikutulutsa bwino chopondapo cha clutch ndipo kenako pang'onopang'ono kuyamba kuyika mphamvu pa gasi. Ndipo ndi bwino kukanikiza zowalamulira, m'malo mwake, mwamphamvu.
Chinanso chomwe chingayambitse kuterera ndikuthira mafuta pa clutch disc kapena flywheel. Izi nthawi zina zimachitika ngati chisindikizo cha mafuta a crankshaft chatha. Pankhaniyi, mutha kutsuka malo okwera a flywheel ndi chimbale choyendetsedwa ndi wothandizira, mwachitsanzo, palafini. Zingwe zomangirazo ziyenera kutsukidwa pang'ono ndi pepala la emery.
Ngati clutch yayamba kale kuzembera, koma palinso nkhokwe yakusanjikizana (kuposa 0,2 mm), mutha kuyesa kusintha kuyenda kwaulere. Njira yoyenera imafotokozedwa m'buku lokonzekera ndi kukonza galimoto. Nthawi zambiri opaleshoniyi imakulolani kuti muchedwetse kukonza kwa chipangizochi.
Ngati mapepala atavala pafupifupi mpaka ma rivets, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kukoka ndikusintha ma disc. Pamene mikwingwirima yowombayo ili yofanana ndi ma rivets, amapaka pamwamba pa flywheel, ndikuyikanda. Chifukwa chake, flywheel ingafunike kusinthidwa.
Kuvala mbali zina za clutch - kutulutsa, diaphragm kasupe, foloko yotulutsa - kungayambitsenso kutsetsereka. Moyo wawo wautumiki umafanana ndi gwero la disk. Choncho, ngati mbali imodzi ikufunika kusinthidwa, ndipo clutch yonse yapita pafupifupi 70 ... 100 makilomita zikwi popanda kukonzanso, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kusintha msonkhano wonse. Izi zidzapulumutsa nthawi, khama komanso ndalama. Mutha kuzigula pamitengo yabwino pasitolo yapaintaneti.
Ndipo choyambitsa china pakutsetsereka chingakhale cholumikizira cha clutch. Zifukwa ndizosiyana malinga ndi mtundu wagalimoto. Izi zikhoza kukhala, mwachitsanzo, lever yowonongeka, chingwe chosweka kapena chophwanyika. Ngati kuyendetsako kuli hydraulic, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana dongosolo lonse la kutulutsa kwamadzimadzi kapena kupopera pochotsa mpweya.
Kawirikawiri, kukonza ma clutch kungakhale kovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yambiri yomwe imafuna luso ndi zochitika zina. Zida zapadera zingafunikenso. Ngati simukutsimikiza za kuthekera kwanu, ndi bwino kulumikizana ndi oyendetsa galimoto nthawi yomweyo.
Onaninso
