Maupangiri owunikira ndikusintha cholumikizira cha CV ndi anther yake

Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amadziwa kuti galimoto yawo ili ndi gawo lotchedwa CV joint, koma si aliyense amene amadziwa chomwe chiri komanso ntchito yake. Chidule chanzeruchi chikuyimira kupendekera kwa mayendedwe angongole ofanana. Koma kwa anthu ambiri, decoding amafotokoza pang'ono. M'nkhaniyi, tiyesa kudziwa cholinga ndi chipangizo cha CV cholumikizira, fufuzani momwe mungayang'anire ndikusintha gawo ili.

Ndi chiyani ndipo chimagwira ntchito chiyani

M'masiku oyambilira amakampani opanga magalimoto, mainjiniya adakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu poyesa kuyendetsa magalimoto akutsogolo. Poyamba, zolumikizira zapadziko lonse lapansi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa kuzungulira kuchokera kumitundu kupita ku mawilo. Komabe, m'mikhalidwe yomwe gudumu panthawi yoyenda imasinthidwa molunjika ndipo nthawi yomweyo imatembenukanso, hinge yakunja imakakamizika kugwira ntchito pamakona a dongosolo la 30 ° kapena kuposa. M'galimoto ya cardan, kusokoneza pang'ono kwa mating'onoting'ono a mating kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kosasinthasintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake (kwa ife, shaft yoyendetsedwa ndi axle shaft ya kuyimitsidwa). Chotsatira chake ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, kugwedezeka ndi kuvala mofulumira kwa ma hinges, matayala, komanso ma shafts ndi zida zotumizira.

Vutoli linathetsedwa ndi kubwera kwa mfundo za liwiro lofanana la angular. Kuphatikizika kwa CV (m'mabuku nthawi zina mumatha kupeza mawu oti "homokinetic joint") ndi gawo lagalimoto, chifukwa chake kuthamanga kwa angular kwa tsinde lililonse kumatsimikiziridwa, mosasamala kanthu za kuzungulira kwa mawilo ndi magudumu. malo ogwirizana a drive ndi shafts zoyendetsedwa. Zotsatira zake, torque imafalikira popanda kutaya mphamvu, popanda kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, zolumikizira za CV zimakupatsani mwayi wolipira kugunda ndi kugwedezeka kwagalimoto mukuyendetsa.

Mawonekedwe, olowa CV amafanana ndi zida zodziwika bwino, chifukwa chake adapeza dzina lodziwika bwino - "grenade". Komabe, ena amakonda kuyitcha "peyala".

Malumikizidwe awiri a CV amayikidwa pa axle shaft iliyonse - mkati ndi kunja. Wamkatiyo ali ndi ngodya yogwira ntchito mkati mwa 20 ° ndipo imatumiza torque kuchokera pa gearbox yosiyanitsira kupita ku shaft ya axle. Wakunja akhoza kugwira ntchito pamtunda wa 40 °, amaikidwa kumapeto kwa tsinde la axle kuchokera kumbali ya gudumu ndikuonetsetsa kuti kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira. Choncho, kutsogolo-wheel drive Baibulo pali 4 okha a iwo, ndi magudumu onse ndi "mabomba" 8.

Popeza ma axle shafts kumanja ndi kumanzere ali ndi kusiyana kwamapangidwe, ndiye kuti ma CV ali kumanja ndi kumanzere. Ndipo zowonadi, zopinga zamkati ndi zakunja zimasiyana wina ndi mnzake. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pogula magawo atsopano. Musaiwale komanso za kufanana kwa miyeso ya unsembe. Anthers amafunikanso kusankhidwa motsatira chitsanzo ndi kusinthidwa kwa makina.

Mitundu yamapangidwe a ma CV olowa

Mgwirizano wofanana wa angular velocity si chinthu chatsopano, zitsanzo zoyamba zidapangidwa zaka zana zapitazo.

kawiri gimba

Choyamba, anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito CV yapawiri ya cardan CV, yomwe ili ndi zida ziwiri za cardan zomwe zimagwira ntchito ziwiri. Imatha kupirira zolemetsa zazikulu ndikugwira ntchito pamakona akulu. Kuzungulira kosiyana kwa mahinji kumalipidwa. Mapangidwe ake ndi ochuluka kwambiri, kotero mu nthawi yathu yasungidwa makamaka pamagalimoto ndi ma SUV oyendetsa magudumu anayi.

cam

Mu 1926, makaniki wa ku France Jean-Albert Gregoire anapanga ndi kupanga patent chipangizo chotchedwa Trakta. Zili ndi mafoloko awiri, imodzi yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsa, ina ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa, ndi makamera awiri ophatikizidwa pamodzi. Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa magawo opaka, zotayika zidakhala zokwera kwambiri, ndipo magwiridwe antchito anali ochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, zolumikizira za cam CV sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Cam disk

Kusintha kwawo, ma cam-disc olowa, opangidwa ku Soviet Union, nawonso anali ocheperako, koma adapirira zolemetsa zambiri. Pakalipano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku magalimoto amalonda, kumene kuthamanga kwa shaft sikufunika, zomwe zingayambitse kutentha kwambiri.

Mpira wa Weiss

Mgwirizano woyamba wothamanga wa mpira unali wovomerezeka mu 1923 ndi Karl Weiss. M'menemo, makokedwe amafalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mipira inayi - awiri awiri ankagwira ntchito pamene akupita patsogolo, ena akusunthira kumbuyo. Kuphweka kwa kamangidwe kake ndi kutsika mtengo kwa kupanga zidapangitsa chipangizochi kukhala chodziwika. Kutalika kwakukulu komwe hinge iyi imagwira ntchito ndi 32 °, koma gwero silidutsa makilomita 30 zikwi. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa 70s yazaka zapitazi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kunatha.

Mpira wa Alfred Zeppa

Zabwino kwambiri zinali zolumikizana zina za mpira, zomwe sizinapulumuke mpaka lero, komanso zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pafupifupi ma gudumu onse amakono akutsogolo ndi magalimoto ambiri okhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha. Mapangidwe amipira asanu ndi limodzi adapangidwa mu 1927 ndi injiniya waku America wobadwa ku Poland, Alfred Hans Rzeppa, yemwe amagwira ntchito kukampani yamagalimoto ya Ford. M'kupita kwanthawi, tikuwona kuti pa intaneti ya chilankhulo cha Chirasha dzina la woyambitsayo limalembedwa paliponse ngati Rceppa, zomwe ndizolakwika.

Chojambula chamkati cha Zheppa's CV cholumikizira chimayikidwa pa shaft yoyendetsa, ndipo thupi lokhala ngati mbale limalumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsedwa. Pakati pa mpikisano wamkati ndi nyumba pali cholekanitsa chokhala ndi mabowo akugwira mipira. Pali ma grooves asanu ndi limodzi a semi-cylindrical kumapeto kwa khola lamkati ndi mkati mwa thupi, momwe mipirayo imatha kusuntha. Mapangidwe awa ndi odalirika kwambiri komanso olimba. Ndipo kutalika kwakukulu pakati pa nkhwangwa za shafts kumafika 40 °.

Magulu a CV "Birfield", "Lebro", GKN ndi mitundu yabwino ya mgwirizano wa Zheppa.

"Tripod"

Hinge yotchedwa "Tripod" imachokera ku "Zheppa", ngakhale imasiyana kwambiri. Mphanda yokhala ndi mizati itatu yomwe ili pamtunda wa 120 ° wachibale wina ndi mnzake imayikidwa mkati mwa thupi. Mtengo uliwonse uli ndi chodzigudubuza chomwe chimazungulira pa singano. Odzigudubuza amatha kuyenda motsatira grooves mkati mwa nyumbayo. Foloko yamitengo itatu imayikidwa pamizere ya shaft yoyendetsedwa, ndipo nyumbayo imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwa gearbox. Ma angles ogwirira ntchito a "Tripods" ndi ochepa - mkati mwa 25 °. Kumbali inayi, ndi odalirika komanso otsika mtengo, choncho nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pamagalimoto okhala ndi magudumu akumbuyo kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma CV amkati pagalimoto yakutsogolo.

Chifukwa chiyani mbali yodalirika yotero nthawi zina imalephera

Madalaivala osamala samakumbukira ma CV olowa, koma nthawi ndi nthawi amalowetsa anthers awo. Ndi ntchito yoyenera, gawo ili limatha kugwira ntchito 100 ... 200 makilomita zikwi popanda mavuto. Ena automakers amanena kuti CV olowa gwero n'zofanana ndi moyo wa galimoto palokha. Izi mwina zili pafupi ndi chowonadi, komabe, zinthu zina zimatha kuchepetsa moyo wolumikizana pafupipafupi.

• Umphumphu wa anther ndi wofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake, dothi ndi mchenga zimatha kulowa mkati, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati zotupa zomwe zimatha kuletsa "grenade" pamakilomita masauzande angapo kapena mwachangu. Zinthu zimatha kukulitsidwa ndi madzi pamodzi ndi okosijeni ngati zimalowa muzochita ndi zowonjezera zomwe zili mumafuta mu mawonekedwe a molybdenum disulfide. Zotsatira zake, chinthu cha abrasive chimapangidwa, chomwe chidzafulumizitsa chiwonongeko cha hinge. Avereji ya moyo wa anthers ndi 1 ... zaka 3, koma chikhalidwe chawo chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamtunda wa makilomita zikwi zisanu.
• Mfundo yakuti kachitidwe kakuthwa koyendetsa galimoto kakhoza kuwononga galimoto mu nthawi yolemba mwinamwake imadziwika kwa aliyense. Komabe, chiŵerengero cha ochita maseŵero monyanyira sichikuchepa. Kuyambika kwakuthwa ndi mawilo, kuyendetsa mwachangu pamsewu ndi katundu wina wowonjezera pa kuyimitsidwa kudzawononga ma CV olowa kale kwambiri kuposa nthawi yomwe adapatsidwa.
• Gulu lachiwopsezo limaphatikizanso magalimoto okhala ndi injini yolimbikitsidwa. Ma CV olowa ndi ma drive ambiri sangathe kupirira katundu wowonjezera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa torque.

• Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa mafuta. Pakapita nthawi, imataya katundu wake, choncho iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Imodzi yokha yomwe idapangidwira ma CV olowa ndiyomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Osayika mafuta a graphite mu "grenade". Kupaka mafuta molakwika kapena kusakwanira kokwanira kokwanira kumafupikitsa moyo wa olowa CV.
• Chifukwa china cha kufa msanga kwa "grenade" ndi zolakwika za msonkhano. Kapena mwina simunachite bwino, ndipo gawolo linakhala lopanda pake.

Momwe mungayang'anire momwe mgwirizano wa CV ulili

Chinthu choyamba ndi kufufuza ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anther si kuwonongeka. Ngakhale ming'alu yaying'ono ndiyo maziko a kulowetsedwa kwake mwamsanga, komanso kupukuta ndi kuzindikira "grenade" yokha. Ngati njirayi ikuchitika munthawi yake, ndizotheka kuti hinge ikhoza kupulumutsidwa.

Kulumikizana kolakwika kwa CV kumapangitsa kugwedezeka kwachitsulo. Kuti muwone, yesani kutembenuka pamakona akulu. Ngati igunda kapena kugogoda pokhotera kumanja, ndiye kuti vuto limakhala ku hinji yakumanzere. Izi zikachitika pokhotera kumanzere, "grenade" yakumanja iyenera kusinthidwa.

Kuzindikira kwa ma CV amkati ndikosavuta kuchita pakukweza. Mukayamba injini, gwiritsani ntchito 1 kapena 2 giya. Chiwongolero chiyenera kukhala chapakati. Mvetserani ntchito zamalumikizidwe amkati a CV. Ngati phokoso long'ambika limveka, ndiye kuti hinge siili bwino.

Ngati crunch imamveka pamene mukuyendetsa molunjika, ndipo kuthamanga kumatsagana ndi kugwedezeka, mgwirizano wolakwika uyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Apo ayi, posachedwapa ikhoza kugwa kwathunthu. Chotsatira chake ndi kuphwanya kwa magudumu ndi zotsatira zake zonse.

Momwe mungasinthire molondola

Cholowa cha CV cholakwika sichingakonzedwe. Gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa kwathunthu. Kupatulapo ndi anthers ndi clamps awo, komanso thrust ndi kusunga mphete. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti m'malo mwa anther kumafunika kuchotsedwa, kutsuka ndi kuthetsa vuto la hinge palokha.

Kusintha ndi ntchito yovuta, koma yotheka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi luso lokonza magalimoto ndipo akufuna kusunga ndalama. Njirayi ikhoza kukhala ndi ma nuances ake kutengera mtundu wagalimoto, ndiye kuti ndibwino kutsogozedwa ndi buku lokonzekera galimoto yanu.

Kuti agwire ntchito, makinawo ayenera kuyikidwa padenga kapena dzenje loyang'anira ndikukhetsa pang'ono mafuta mu gearbox (1,5 ... 2 l). Pazida, nyundo, chisel, pliers, screwdriver, wrenches, komanso phiri ndi vise zidzathandiza. Zogwiritsira ntchito - zomangira, mafuta apadera, mtedza wa hub - nthawi zambiri zimabwera ndi "grenade" yatsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, WD-40 kapena wothandizira wina wofananira angakhale wothandiza.

Osachotsa ma shaft onse awiri pa gearbox nthawi imodzi. Malizitsani kaye ekisilo imodzi, kenako pita ku inzake. Apo ayi, magiya osiyana adzasuntha, ndipo mavuto aakulu adzabuka ndi msonkhano.

Ambiri, ndondomeko ndi motere.

1. Gudumu limachotsedwa kumbali yomwe hinge idzasintha.
2. Siketi ya mtedza wa hub imakhomeredwa ndi nyundo ndi chisel.
3. Mtedza wa nkhokweyo wachotsedwa. Kuti muchite izi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pneumatic wrench. Ngati chida choterocho sichipezeka, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi wrench ya mphete kapena mutu. Kenako muyenera kukanikiza ndi kutseka chopondapo cha brake kuti gudumu lisamayende.

4. Masulani mabawuloti omwe amatchinjiriza mpira wakumunsi ku kowongolero. imayikidwa pansi, ndipo chowongolera chimasunthidwa kumbali.

5. Cholumikizira chakunja cha CV chimachotsedwa pakhoma. Ngati ndi kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito chitsulo chofewa. Nthawi zina mbali kumamatira wina ndi mzake chifukwa dzimbiri, ndiye muyenera WD-40 ndi kuleza mtima pang'ono.

6. Kuyendetsa kumatulutsidwa kuchokera ku gearbox. Mwachidziwikire, sizingagwire ntchito pamanja chifukwa cha mphete yosungira kumapeto kwa shaft yamkati ya "grenade". Lever ingathandize - mwachitsanzo, phiri.
7. Shaft imatsekeredwa mu vice ndipo cholumikizira cha CV chimachotsedwa. Muyenera kugunda ndi kusuntha kofewa pamayendedwe (mtundu wamkati), osati pathupi.
8. "grenade" yochotsedwa imatsukidwa bwino ndi petulo kapena dizilo. Ngati ndi kotheka, gawolo liyenera kupatulidwa ndi kuthetsedweratu, ndiyeno mafuta odzola apadera ndikubwezeretsanso. Ngati cholumikizira cha CV chikusintha kwathunthu, cholumikizira chatsopanocho chiyeneranso kutsukidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi mafuta. Pafupifupi 80 g amafunikira kunja, 100 ... 120 g mkati mwake.
9. Anther yatsopano imakokedwa pamtengowo, kenako "grenade" imakwezedwa kumbuyo.
10. Zomangamangazo zamangidwa. Chida chapadera chimafunika kuti muthe kulimbitsa gululi. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chomangira (worm) kapena tayi yapulasitiki. Choyamba, limbitsani chingwe chachikulu, ndipo musanayike chaching'ono, gwiritsani ntchito screwdriver kukoka m'mphepete mwa boot kuti mufanane ndi kukakamiza mkati mwake.

Mukalimbitsa nati wapakatikati, uyenera kukhomeredwa kuti usatuluke.

Ndipo musaiwale kubwezeretsa mafuta mu gearbox.