Opel Ampera - Wopanga magetsi wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
General Motors ikufuna kugonjetsa dziko lamagalimoto ndi magalimoto amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi ma jenereta oyaka mkati. Mayankho oyambilira a ogula akuwonetsa kuti Chevrolet Volt ndi Opel Ampera zitha kukhala zopambana kwambiri.
Tsogolo liri ndi magetsi, kapena magetsi - palibe kukayikira za izi pakati pa opanga magalimoto. Komabe, pakadali pano, magalimoto amagetsi okwanira akutaya kwambiri potengera mtundu wake, chifukwa chake potengera magwiridwe antchito. Ndizowona kuti deta ikuwonetsa ma kilomita ambiri kuposa momwe madalaivala ambiri amayendetsa tsiku limodzi, koma ngati tikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zakuthambo pagalimoto yamagetsi, sikuli kuyendetsa kupita ndi kubwera kuntchito, koma kulibe kwina kulikonse. . Kotero pakali pano, tsogolo la magalimoto oyaka mkati mwa injini, mwachitsanzo, ma hybrids, ndilowala kwambiri. Mibadwo yamakono ya magalimotowa imalola kale kuti mabatire aperekedwe kuchokera ku gridi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka mkati. Mitundu yosakanizidwa iyi, yotchedwa plug-in hybrid, idatanthauziridwa mochititsa chidwi ndi aku America ku General Motors. Iwo analekanitsa injini yoyaka mkati mwa magudumu, ndikuyiyika kokha ku gawo la mphamvu yoyendetsa jenereta yamagetsi, ndikusiya gudumu ku galimoto yamagetsi. M'zochita, galimoto imangoyenda pa injini yamagetsi, koma ngati tikufuna kuyendetsa mtunda wa makilomita oposa 80, tiyenera kuyatsa injini yoyaka mkati. Ndimagwirizanitsa kale izi ndi ma hybrids a plug-in, chifukwa mungathe kuyendetsa mtunda wochepa pa galimoto yamagetsi, koma mtunda wofanana ndi magalimoto apamwamba ukhoza kutsekedwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Anthu a ku America, komabe, amatsindika kwambiri mawu akuti "galimoto yamagetsi" chifukwa injini yaing'ono yoyaka mkati sichiyendetsa mawilo, ndipo maulendo a magetsi pamtundu wa hybrids ndi ocheperapo kusiyana ndi zomwe Ampera akusonyeza, ndipo, kuwonjezerapo, mu ma hybrids, mota yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imathandizira kuyaka, ndipo mu Amper imatsika. Iwo anafikanso ndi mawu enieni a galimoto yamtunduwu, E-REV, yomwe imatanthawuza magalimoto amagetsi otalikirapo. Tinene kuti ndinakopeka.
Ampera ndi hatchback yabwino ya zitseko zisanu yokhala ndi mipando inayi yabwino komanso boot ya 301-lita. Galimotoyo ili ndi kutalika kwa 440,4 masentimita, m'lifupi mwake 179,8 masentimita, kutalika kwa masentimita 143 ndi wheelbase ya masentimita 268,5. Choncho si mwana wa mumzinda, koma ndi galimoto yabanja. Kumbali imodzi, kalembedwe kameneka kamapangitsa galimotoyi kukhala yodziwika bwino, osasungabe mawonekedwe odziwika amtundu wake. Mkati ndi osiyana pang'ono, ngakhale kuti center console ali ndi masanjidwe osiyana kwambiri kuposa magalimoto ndi injini kuyaka mkati. Msewu umayenda m'mbali zonse za kanyumba, komwe kumbuyo kuli ndi malo awiri a makapu ndi shelufu ya zinthu zazing'ono. Zida za Ampera zimabweretsa galimotoyo pafupi ndi kalasi ya Premium, kupereka, mwa zina, zowonetsera ndi makina a BOSE audio.
Mapangidwe agalimoto amafanana ndi wosakanizidwa wamba. Tili ndi mabatire pakati pa pansi, kumbuyo kwawo ndi thanki yamafuta, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo ndi "zokhazikika" zotsekemera zotulutsa mpweya. Kutsogolo kuli injini: amayendetsa galimoto yamagetsi ndi injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe Opel imatcha jenereta yamagetsi. Galimoto yamagetsi imapanga 150 hp. ndi torque pazipita 370 Nm. Makokedwe apamwamba amalola kuti galimotoyo isunthike mwamphamvu, koma sichidzatsagana ndi phokoso la injini lamphamvu lomwe limadziwika ndi magalimoto oyatsa mkati. Ampere idzayenda mwakachetechete. Osachepera paulendo woyamba wa 40 - 80 km. Izi ndizokwanira 16 mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Mafoloko aatali ndi chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadalira kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, malo ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Ndipotu, m'nyengo yozizira timakhala ndi mavuto aakulu ndi mabatire. Ngati mtunda uli waukulu, injini yoyaka mkati imayamba. Mosasamala kanthu za kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuthamanga, idzagwirabe ntchito ndi katundu womwewo, choncho idzangong'ung'udza mwakachetechete kumbuyo. Injini yoyaka mkati imakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu yagalimoto mpaka 500 km.
Kafukufuku wambiri wamagalimoto opangidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana akuwonetsa kuti ambiri aife, kuchuluka kwa Ampera kuyenera kukhala kokwanira tsiku lonse. Malinga ndi omwe adanenedwa ndi Opel, 80 peresenti. Madalaivala aku Europe amayendetsa mtunda wochepera 60 km patsiku. Ndipo komabe, ngati kuli ulendo, tili ndi maola ochepa kuti tiyime pakati kuti tiwonjezere mabatire. Ngakhale zitatsitsidwa, zimatenga maola 4 kuwalipiritsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri timagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Kutumiza kwagalimoto kumakulolani kuti musinthe mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito, ndikupereka njira zinayi zomwe zingasankhidwe pogwiritsa ntchito batani loyendetsa pakatikati. Izi zimalola kuti ma injini azitha kuyang'anira zosowa ndi mayendetsedwe oyendetsa - mosiyana ndi magalimoto am'tawuni, mosiyana ndi magalimoto oyendetsa kumidzi, komanso mosiyanasiyana pokwera misewu yamapiri. Opel akugogomezeranso kuti kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuyendetsa galimoto yoyaka mkati. Ndi mitengo yamafuta yomwe Opel amayerekezera ndi PLN 4,4-6,0 pa lita imodzi, galimoto yokhala ndi injini yoyaka moto yamkati imawononga 0,36-0,48 PLN pa kilomita, pomwe ili m'galimoto yamagetsi (E-REV) 0,08, PLN 0,04 yokha, ndipo polipira galimoto usiku ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo wamagetsi mpaka PLN 42. Kulipira kwathunthu kwa mabatire a Ampera ndikotsika mtengo kuposa tsiku lathunthu la makompyuta ndikuwunika kugwiritsa ntchito, Opel akuti. Pali chinachake choyenera kuganizira, ngakhale kuganizira mtengo wa galimoto, yomwe ku Ulaya iyenera kukhala 900 euro. Izi ndizochuluka, koma ndalama izi timapeza galimoto yamtundu wathunthu, osati mwana wamzinda wokhala ndi malire ochepa. Pakadali pano, Opel yasonkhanitsa maoda opitilira 1000 agalimotoyi isanachitike ku Geneva. Tsopano Katie Melua akuthandizira galimotoyo, kotero kuti malonda amatha kuyenda bwino.
