MQ-25A Scat

MQ-25A ikadzayamba kugwira ntchito, idzakhala galimoto yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanda munthu. Osachepera mwa omwe sali obisika. Pafupifupi magalimoto onse opanda munthu amene akugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa amayendetsedwa ndi munthu patali. MQ-25A iyenera kuyimira m'badwo wotsatira - magalimoto apamlengalenga osayendetsedwa ndi anthu omwe amakhalabe moyang'aniridwa ndi anthu. Chithunzi cha US Navy

Pambuyo pazaka khumi zafukufuku, kuyesa ndi kukonzanso, asilikali a ku United States akukonzekera dongosolo loyambitsa magalimoto osayendetsa ndege. Pulatifomu, yotchedwa MQ-25A Stingray, ikuyembekezeka kulowa mu 2022. Komabe, iyi sidzakhala ndege yodzidzimutsa, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe osadziwika, monga momwe adafunira poyamba. Ntchito yake inali yogwira ntchito za ndege zonyamula mafuta mumlengalenga. Ntchito yachiwiri idzakhala kuyang'anira, kuyang'aniranso ndi kutsata zolinga zapamtunda (NDP).

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2003, bungwe la US Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) linayambitsa mapulogalamu awiri oyendetsa ndege kuti apange magalimoto osayendetsa ndege. Pulogalamu ya US Air Force idasankhidwa UCAV (Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle) ndipo pulogalamu ya US Navy idatchedwa UCAV-N (UCAV-Naval). Mu XNUMX, Pentagon idaphatikiza mapulogalamu onsewa kukhala pulogalamu imodzi kuti apange "Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems", kapena J-UCAS (Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems).

Monga gawo la pulogalamu ya UCAV, Boeing adapanga ndege ya X-45A, yomwe idanyamuka pa Meyi 22, 2002. Yachiwiri ya X-45A idayamba kuwonekera mu Novembala chaka chimenecho. Monga gawo la pulogalamu ya UCAV-N, Northrop Grumman anapanga galimoto ya ndege yopanda munthu, yotchedwa X-47A Pegasus, yomwe inayesedwa pa February 23, 2003. injini mpweya intakes anali kumtunda fuselage kutsogolo. Onse analinso ndi zipinda za bomba.

Pambuyo pa mayesero angapo a mpweya, Boeing anapanga chitsanzo china, chotchedwa X-45C. Mosiyana ndi X-45A yoyesera, imayenera kukhala ndi mapangidwe akuluakulu komanso opindulitsa, omwe amakumbukira bomba la B-2A Spirit. Ma prototypes atatu adakonzedwa kuti amangidwe mu 2005, koma palibe omwe adamangidwa. Chofunika kwambiri chinali kuchotsedwa kwa Air Force ku pulogalamu ya J-UCAS mu March 2006. Navy adasiyanso, ndikuyambitsa pulogalamu yake.

Pulogalamu ya UCAS-D

Mu 2006, kachiwiri mogwirizana ndi DARPA, US Navy inayambitsa pulogalamu ya UCAS-D (Unmanned Combat Air System-Demonstrator), i.e. kupanga chowonetsera chankhondo chosayendetsedwa ndi ndege. Northrop Grumman adalowa mu pulogalamuyi ndi lingaliro lachiwonetsero, lomwe adasankha X-47B, ndipo Boeing yokhala ndi mtundu wa X-45C woyendetsa ndege, adasankha X-45N.

Pamapeto pake, Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo linasankha pulojekiti ya Northrop Grumman, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipange chionetsero chopanda ndege, chomwe chidasankha X-47B. Makampani otsatirawa adagwira nawo ntchito ngati makontrakitala ang'onoang'ono mu pulogalamuyi: Lockheed Martin, Pratt & Whitney, GKN Aerospace, General Electric, UTC Aerospace Systems, Dell, Honeywell, Moog, Parker Aerospace ndi Rockwell Collins.

Ma prototypes awiri owuluka adapangidwa: AV-1 (Air Vehicle) ndi AV-2. Yoyamba inamalizidwa pa December 16, 2008, koma sanayesedwe mpaka February 4, 2011 chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa pulogalamu komanso kufunikira kwa mayesero angapo a avionics. Mtundu wa AV-2 unawuluka pa Novembara 22, 2011. Ndege zonsezi zidachitikira ku Edwards Air Force Base ku California.

Mu May 2012, chitsanzo cha AV-1 chinayamba mayesero angapo ku NAS Patuxent River Naval Base ku Maryland. Mu June 2, AB-2012 adagwirizana naye. Mayeserowa adaphatikizapo, makamaka, kuyesa kwa ma electromagnetic spectrum, kukwera ma taxi, kunyamuka kwapamtunda ndi kutera kwa ma dragline mu labotale yapansi yomwe imafanana ndi chonyamulira ndege. Kunyamuka koyamba kwa gululi kunachitika pa Novembara 29, 2012. Chingwe choyamba chotera mumtsinje wa Patuxent chinachitika pa May 4, 2013.

Kumapeto kwa November 2012, mayesero oyambirira anayamba paulendo wonyamulira ndege USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75), wokhazikika pamphepete mwa nyanja ku Norfolk, Virginia. Pa Disembala 18, 2012, X-47B idamaliza kuyesa kunyanja m'chonyamulira cha USS Harry S. Truman. Pamsonkhanowu, kugwirizana kwa ndegeyo ndi ma hangars, ma elevator ndi makina oyendetsa ndege adayesedwa. Anayang'anitsitsanso momwe ndegeyo imachitira poyenda. X-47B imayang'aniridwa kuchokera pansi kapena kuchokera pansi pa chonyamulira ndege kudzera pa CDU yapadera yowongolera (Control Display Unit). "Woyendetsa" wa ndegeyo amamangirira pamsana pake ndipo, chifukwa cha chisangalalo chapadera, amatha kuyendetsa ndege ngati galimoto ndi wailesi. M'mlengalenga, X-47B imagwira ntchito payokha kapena modziyimira pawokha. Simayendetsedwa ndi woyendetsa ndege, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ndege zoyendetsedwa patali monga MQ-1 Predator kapena MQ-9 Reaper. Woyendetsa ndege amagawira X-47B ntchito wamba, monga kuwuluka m'njira yosankhidwa, kusankha kopita, kapena kunyamuka ndikutera. Komanso, ndegeyo imagwira ntchito pawokha. Komabe, ngati kuli kofunikira, mutha kuwongolera mwachindunji.

May 14, 2013 X-47B inatsegula mutu watsopano m'mbiri ya American airborne ndege. Ndegeyo itatha kutuluka bwino pa sitima ya ndege ya USS George HW Bush (CVN-77) inathawa kwa mphindi 65 ndipo inatera pamtsinje wa Patuxent. Pa Julayi 10 chaka chomwecho, X-47B idakwera maulendo awiri m'chonyamulira cha USS George HW Bush. X-47B yokha idaletsa kutera kwachitatu komwe idakonzedwa pambuyo pozindikira kuti pali vuto pakugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Kenako idapita ku Wallops Island ya NASA, ku Virginia, komwe idakafika popanda vuto.

Pa Novembala 9-19, 2013, ma X-47B onse adakumana ndi mayeso owonjezera pa chonyamulira ndege cha USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71). Awa anali mayeso oyamba a prototypes awiri. Ndegeyo itayenda kwa mphindi 45, inachita machenjerero akukhudza ndikupita kukatera. Khalidwe lawo lidawunikidwa mumphepo zamphamvu kwambiri komanso kuwomba kuchokera mbali zina kuposa pamayesero am'mbuyomu. Pachiyeso china, ndege imodzi inazungulira chonyamulira cha ndegeyo, pamene ina inauluka pakati pa sitimayo ndi pansi.

Pofika pa Seputembara 18, 2013, nthawi yonse yowuluka ya X-47B inali maola 100. Mayesero otsatirawa pa USS Theodore Roosevelt adachitika pa Novembara 10, 2013. Oyang'anira ndege zonyamulira ndege adatenga nawo gawo pakunyamuka ndi kutera kosiyanasiyana.