Mapulatifomu akulonjeza aku US Army
Monga gawo la pulogalamu ya FVL, Asitikali aku US adakonza zogula magalimoto atsopano a 2-4 omwe adzalowe m'malo mwa ma helikopita a banja la UH-60 Black Hawk, ndipo
AN-64 Apache. Chithunzi. Helicopter ya Bell
Asitikali aku US akuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono pulogalamu yodziwitsa banja la nsanja zatsopano za VLT kuti zilowe m'malo mwa ma helicopter omwe alipo tsopano. Pulogalamu ya Future Vertical Lift (FVL) imakhudzanso kupanga mapangidwe omwe, malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi kuthekera kwawo, adzaposa kwambiri ma helikoputala akale monga UH-60 Black Hawk, CH-47 Chinook kapena AH-64 Apache.
Pulogalamu ya FVL idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu 2009. Kenako Asitikali aku US adapereka dongosolo lazaka zambiri lokhazikitsa pulogalamu yomwe cholinga chake ndikusintha ma helikopita omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) ndi Marine Corps (USMC) nawonso anali ndi chidwi chotenga nawo gawo pa pulogalamuyi. Mu Okutobala 2011, Pentagon idapereka lingaliro latsatanetsatane: nsanja zatsopano zimayenera kukhala zofulumira, zokhala ndi zochulukirapo komanso zolipira, zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa ma helikopita. Monga gawo la pulogalamu ya FVL, gulu lankhondo lidakonza zogula magalimoto atsopano 2-4, omwe adzalowa m'malo mwa ma helikopita kuchokera ku UH-60 Black Hawk ndi AH-64 Apache mabanja. Ntchito yawo idakonzedwa koyambirira cha 2030.
Zomwe zidalengezedwa zomwe zidanenedwa kuti ma helikoputala olowa m'malo mwake zikugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano:
- liwiro lalikulu osachepera 500 km / h,
- liwiro la 425 km / h,
- mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 1000,
- mtunda wautali wa makilomita 400,
- kuthekera koyenda pamtunda wa 1800 m pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa +35 ° C,
- kutalika kwa ndege ndi pafupifupi 9000 m,
- Kutha kunyamula omenyera 11 okhala ndi zida zonse (panjira yoyendetsa).
Zofunikira izi ndizosatheka kukwanitsa ma helikoputala akale komanso ngakhale kunyamuka koyima ndikutera ndege yokhala ndi ma rotor ozungulira V-22 Osprey. Komabe, izi ndiye lingaliro la pulogalamu ya FVL. Okonza Asitikali aku US adaganiza kuti ngati mapangidwe atsopanowo agwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala gawo lotsatira pakupanga ma rotor. Lingaliro ili ndilolondola chifukwa helikopita yachikale monga mapangidwe afika kumapeto kwa chitukuko chake. Ubwino waukulu wa helikopita - wozungulira waukulu ndiyenso chopinga chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa ndege, mtunda wautali komanso kuthekera kogwira ntchito mtunda wautali. Izi ndichifukwa cha fiziki ya rotor yayikulu, masamba ake, kuphatikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa liwiro lopingasa la helikopita, amapanga kukana kochulukirapo.
Kuti athetse vutoli, opanga adayamba kuyesa kupanga ma helikopita okhala ndi ma rotor olimba. Ma prototypes otsatirawa adamangidwa: Bell 533, Lockheed XH-51, Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne, Piasecki 16H, Sikorsky S-72 ndi Sikorsky XH-59 ABC (Advancing Blade Concept). Mothandizidwa ndi ma injini awiri owonjezera a turbine jet ndi ma propellers osunthika ozungulira a coaxial, XH-59 idakwanitsa kuthamanga kwa 488 km/h pakuwuluka kwake. Komabe, chithunzicho chinali chovuta kuwuluka, chinali ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komanso mokweza kwambiri. Ntchito pazinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi zinamalizidwa pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu za zaka zapitazo. Palibe zosinthidwa zoyesedwa zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma helikopita opangidwa panthawiyo. Panthawiyo, Pentagon inalibe chidwi chofuna kuyika ndalama mu matekinoloje atsopano, kwa zaka zambiri inali yokhutira ndi zosinthidwa zokha zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chifukwa chake, kupanga ma helikopita mwanjira ina kunayima m'malo mwake ndikukhalabe kumbuyo kwa chitukuko cha ndege. Mapangidwe atsopano omwe atengedwa ndi US anali helikopita ya AH-64 Apache yomwe idapangidwa mu 2007s. Pambuyo pakuyesa kwanthawi yayitali komanso zovuta zaukadaulo, V-22 Osprey idalowa ntchito mu '22. Komabe, iyi si helikopita kapena ngakhale rotorcraft, koma ndege yokhala ndi zozungulira zozungulira (tiltiplane). Izi zimayenera kukhala kuyankha ku mphamvu zochepa za ma helikopita. Ndipo kwenikweni, B-22 ili ndi liwiro lalikulu kwambiri komanso liwiro lalikulu, komanso mtunda waukulu komanso denga la ndege kuposa ma helikopita. Komabe, B-XNUMX sichimakwaniritsa zofunikira za pulogalamu ya FVL, popeza mapangidwe ake adapangidwa zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, ndipo, ngakhale kuti adapanga zatsopano, ndegeyo ndi yachikalekale.
