Kutumiza pamanja - gearbox yamanja

Kutumiza kwamanja ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pagalimoto, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulandila, kusintha ndi kufalitsa makokedwe kuchokera ku mota kupita kumawilo. M'mawu osavuta, amalola mawilo a galimoto kuti azizungulira pa liwiro losiyana pa liwiro la injini yomweyo.

Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri angakhale ndi funso lomveka, koma n'chifukwa chiyani timafunikira makinawa? Ndipotu, kuthamanga kwa galimoto kumadalira mphamvu ya kukanikiza accelerator, ndipo, zikuoneka, inu mukhoza kulumikiza galimoto mwachindunji mawilo. Koma mayunitsi galimoto ntchito mu osiyanasiyana 800-8000 rpm. Ndipo poyendetsa - mumtundu wocheperako wa 1500-4000 rpm. Kuthamanga motalika kwambiri pa RPM yochepa (yosakwana 1500) kumapangitsa injini kulephera mwamsanga chifukwa kupanikizika kwa mafuta sikukwanira kuti mafuta azipaka. Ndipo kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali pa liwiro lalikulu kwambiri (kupitilira 4000) kumapangitsa kuti zigawo ziwonongeke mwachangu.

Taganizirani mmene gearbox kusintha liwiro la galimoto:

• injini imazungulira crankshaft ndikuyendetsa shaft panthawi yogwira ntchito;
• kusuntha uku kumaperekedwa ku magiya a kufala kwamanja
• magiya amayamba kuzungulira pa liwiro losiyana;
• woyendetsa akuphatikizapo zida zosankhidwa;
• liwiro lozungulira lopatsidwa limaperekedwa ku nthiti ya cardan ndi mawilo;
• galimotoyo imayamba kuyenda pa liwiro lofunika.

Mwanjira ina, bokosi la gear lapangidwa kuti lipereke kusankha kwamayendedwe oyenera agalimoto munjira zosiyanasiyana - mathamangitsidwe, mabuleki, kuyendetsa bwino, ndi zina zotero. Mu "Mechanics" njira yosinthira magiya imachitika ndi dalaivala mumachitidwe amanja, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira.

Zodziwika za kufala kwamanja

Kuthekera kwa galimoto iliyonse yokhala ndi kufalitsa kwamanja kumadalira kuchuluka kwa zida, i.e. pa kuchuluka kwa magiya omwe alipo kuti azitha kuyendetsa liwiro lagalimoto. Magalimoto amakono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma XNUMX-speed manual transmission.

Kutumiza kwapamanja kwapangidwa kwa zaka zopitilira 100, lero mapangidwe awo afika pafupifupi angwiro. Iwo ndi odalirika, okwera mtengo pokonza, osadzichepetsa pakugwira ntchito ndi kukonzedwa mosavuta. Mwina vuto lawo lokha ndilofunika kusintha magiya paokha.

Gearbox imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi clutch. Mukasintha magiya, dalaivala ayenera kutsitsa chopondapo cholumikizira kuti agwirizanitse magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi ma shafts omwe amawongolera kuchuluka / kuchepa kwa liwiro.

Pamene dalaivala akugwetsa clutch ndikuyamba kusintha magiya, mafoloko osinthira amayamba kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimasuntha mawotchiwo kumalo omwe akufuna kuti asamuke. Pachifukwa ichi, loko (kutsekereza) kumatsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo, zomwe sizimaphatikizapo kuthekera kosinthira magiya awiri nthawi imodzi. Ngati chipangizocho sichinakhale ndi loko, ndiye kuti nthawi ndi nthawi mafoloko osinthira zida amatha kumamatira kumagulu awiri nthawi imodzi.

Pambuyo pa folokoyo yakhudza clutch, imapereka malangizo oyenera. Mano a cholumikizira ndi zida zotumizira zomwe zili pafupi ndi shaft zimalumikizana, chifukwa chomwe zidazo zimatsekedwa. Pambuyo pake, kusinthasintha kolumikizana kolumikizana pamtengowo kumayamba, kufalitsa kwa bukuli kumatumiza kuzungulira kwa gawo loyendetsa, kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku shaft ya cardan ndiyeno kumawilo okha. Njira yonseyi imatenga kachigawo kakang'ono ka sekondi.

Momwemonso, ngati palibe splined couplings imagwirizana ndi zida (ie sizimatchinga), ndiye kuti bokosilo liri mu ndale. Chifukwa chake, kupita patsogolo sikungatheke, popeza gawo lamagetsi ndi kufalitsa zili mumtundu wosagwirizana.

Bokosi la gear lamanja nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi chowongolera chothandizira, chomwe akatswiri amachitcha "chosankha". Mwa kukanikiza lever mbali ina, dalaivala amasankha kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsa liwiro. Mwachizoloŵezi, chosankha cha gear chimayikidwa pabokosi lomwelo mu chipinda chokwera, kapena pambali.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito kufala kwamanja ku Russia

Ubwino wofunika kwambiri wa magalimoto okhala ndi kufalitsa pamanja ungaganizidwe ngati mtengo wawo, komanso, "makanika" safuna kuziziritsa kwapadera, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zotengera zokha.

Aliyense wodziwa dalaivala amadziwa bwino kuti magalimoto ndi kufala Buku ndi ndalama kwambiri mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, "Peugeot 208 Active 1.6" petulo buku (115 HP), amene akupezeka mu "Favorit Motors" gulu la makampani, amadya malita 5.2 a mafuta pa makilomita 100 m'mizinda. Mofanana ndi mtundu uwu, magalimoto ena omwe ali ndi magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto amafunidwa ndi madalaivala omwe akufuna kusunga ndalama pogula mafuta popanda kusokoneza kayendetsedwe ka galimoto.

Kutumiza kwa bukhuli kuli ndi mapangidwe osavuta, kotero kuti kuthetsa mavuto kungathe kuchitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zodula. Inde, ndi kukonza palokha kudzafuna ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuchokera kwa mwini galimotoyo kusiyana ndi vuto la kufalitsa kwadzidzidzi.

Ubwino wina wa "makanika" ndi kudalirika ndi kulimba. Moyo wa kufala kwa Buku nthawi zambiri wofanana ndi moyo wa galimoto palokha. Kudalirika kwakukulu kwa bokosi kukukhala chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe oyendetsa amasankha magalimoto ndi kufala kwamanja. Komabe, zenizeni zosinthira zida zimafuna kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa ma clutch, koma iyi sinjira yokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Pazochitika zadzidzidzi pamsewu, galimoto yokhala ndi mauthenga amanja imakhala ndi zosankha zambiri ndi njira (kuyendetsa matope, ayezi, madzi). Chifukwa chake, ngakhale dalaivala wosadziwa amatha kuthana ndi kuyendetsa popanda msewu wosalala. Pakawonongeka, galimoto yokhala ndi kufalitsa kwamanja imatha kuyambika kuchokera pakuthamanga, imaloledwanso kunyamula galimotoyo popanda zoletsa kuthamanga kwamayendedwe.

Kodi betri yatha kapena choyambitsa chalephera? Ndikokwanira kuyika galimoto ndi "makaniko" mu "ndale" ndikukankhira, ndiye kutembenukira giya lachitatu - ndipo galimoto idzayamba! Ndi "automatic" chinyengo choterocho sichingachitike.

Zotumizira zamakono zamakono

Kutumiza kwamakono kwamanja kumakhala ndi magiya osiyanasiyana - kuyambira anayi mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Akatswiri amawona magiya a 5 ndi 6 kukhala njira yabwino yosinthira, chifukwa amawongolera liwiro lagalimoto.

Ma gearbox a 4-speed ndi osatha, lero angapezeke pamagalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Magalimoto amakono amakhala othamanga kwambiri, ndipo "masitepe anayi" sanapangidwe kuti aziyendetsa pa liwiro la 120 km / h. Popeza pali magiya 4 okha, mukamayendetsa pa liwiro lalikulu, muyenera kukhala othamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini isanakwane.

Seveni-liwiro Buku ndi odalirika ndipo amalola kulamulira zonse za mphamvu ya galimoto, koma pamafunika zambiri magiya masinthidwe, amene angakhale wotopetsa kwa dalaivala mu galimoto galimoto.

Malangizo ochokera kwa akatswiri pakugwira ntchito kwapamanja

Monga njira ina iliyonse yovuta yamagalimoto, kutumiza kwamanja kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa malamulo a wopanga magalimoto. Kukhazikitsa malamulo osavuta awa, monga momwe akatswiri a Favorit Motors amasonyezera, kumatha kuchepetsa kutha kwa magawo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mayunitsi.

• Ndikoyenera kusintha magiya molingana ndi malingaliro a opanga okhudzana ndi liwiro lochepera lovomerezeka komanso kuthamanga kwambiri komwe kumapangidwira giya lililonse. Kuphatikiza apo, wopanga nthawi zambiri amapereka malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zagalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto "Volkswagen Polo" (injini 1.6, 110 hp, 5 liwiro kufala Buku) pali malangizo ndalama mafuta mafuta: kusuntha kwa giya wachiwiri pa liwiro la 20 Km/h, giya lachitatu pamene kufika 30 Km / h. , mpaka zida zinayi - pa 40 km / h ndi wachisanu - pa 50 km / h.
• Kusintha zida zobwerera m'mbuyo (kumbuyo) kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha galimotoyo itayima. Ngakhale pa liwiro lotsika, kusuntha kupita ku zida zam'mbuyo sikuvomerezeka.
• Ndikofunikira kufinya chopondapo cha clutch mwachangu, ndikuchimasula pang'onopang'ono komanso popanda jerks. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yakukangana pa zotulutsa ndikuchedwetsa kufunika kokonzanso.
• Mukamayendetsa mumsewu woterera (ozizira oundana), musagwetse clutch kapena kuyika gearbox osalowerera ndale.
• Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusuntha magiya panthawi yakutembenuka kwakukulu, izi zimapangitsa kuti makinawo azivala mwachangu.
• Galimoto iliyonse imafunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu crankcase yotumizira. Ngati, ngati kuli kofunikira, madzi ogwirira ntchito sakuwonjezeredwa ndi kusinthidwa, mafutawo amakhala odzaza ndi fumbi lachitsulo, zomwe zimawonjezera kuvala.

Monga mukuonera, ndizotheka kukulitsa "moyo" wa bokosi lamakina. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kungotsatira malingaliro onse a wopanga, ndipo pakukayikira koyamba za ntchito yabwino, funsani akatswiri a Favorit Motors Group of Companies.

Kampaniyo malo luso ali okonzeka ndi zipangizo zonse zofunika matenda ndi yopapatiza-mbiri zida kudziwa malfunctions ndi kukonza HIV Buku. Kuti agwire ntchito yokonza ndi kukonzanso, akatswiri a Favorit Motors Group of Companies amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje omwe amapanga ndi zida zopangira zovomerezeka zapamwamba kwambiri.

Mabwana ogwira ntchito zamagalimoto ali ndi zaka zambiri komanso chidziwitso chapadera, chomwe chimawalola kuti azitha kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zidachitika komanso kukonza zamtundu uliwonse. Katswiri aliyense nthawi zonse amaphunzitsidwanso ku malo ophunzitsira opanga ndipo amalandira satifiketi ya ufulu wokonza ndi kusunga mtundu wina wagalimoto.

Makasitomala oyendetsa magalimoto a Favorit Motors amapatsidwa ndandanda yabwino yogwirira ntchito, kulembetsa pa intaneti kuti akonzere ndi kukonza, pulogalamu yosinthika yokhulupirika, chitsimikiziro cha zida zosinthira ndi mitundu yonse yokonza zotumiza pamanja. Zida zonse zofunikira ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito zilipo mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya kampani.

Mtengo wa kukonza kwapamanja kutengera mtundu wa kusweka komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito yokonzanso ndi kukonzanso komwe kumafunikira. Mwa kulumikizana ndi Favorit Motors Group of Companies, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti magwiridwe antchito a "makanika" adzabwezeretsedwa posachedwa, ndipo mtengo wantchito sudzasokoneza bajeti yabanja kapena yamakampani.

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