zodziwikiratu kufala - kufala basi
Chipangizo chagalimoto

zodziwikiratu kufala - kufala basi

28.06.2022 /

The automatic gearbox (automatic transmission) amasankha chiŵerengero cha zida popanda dalaivala - mu mode basi kwathunthu. Cholinga cha bokosi la "automatic" ndi chofanana ndi cha "makanika". Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuvomereza, kutembenuza ndi kusamutsa mphamvu zozungulira za injini ku mawilo oyendetsa galimoto.

Koma "zodziwikiratu" ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa "makanika". Zimaphatikizapo mfundo zotsatirazi:

  • chosinthira makokedwe - amapereka mwachindunji kutembenuka ndi kufala kwa chiwerengero cha zosintha;
  • makina opanga mapulaneti - amawongolera chosinthira makokedwe;
  • hydraulic control system - imagwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito a pulaneti yamagetsi.

zodziwikiratu kufala - kufala basi

Malinga ndi akatswiri a Favorit Motors Group of Companies, lero gawo la malonda a magalimoto omwe amatumizidwa ku Moscow ndi pafupifupi 80%. Magalimoto okhala ndi zodziwikiratu amafunikira njira yapadera komanso chidwi, ngakhale amapereka chitonthozo chachikulu paulendo.

Mfundo ya ntchito ya zodziwikiratu kufala

Kugwira ntchito kwa bokosi la "automatic" kumatengera chosinthira ma torque, ma gearbox a mapulaneti ndi zida zingapo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera gulu la gearbox. Kuti mufotokoze momveka bwino mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina otumizira okha, muyenera kufufuza momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Chosinthira ma torque chimatumiza torque kumsonkhano wapadziko lapansi. Imagwira ntchito za clutch ndi kugwirizana kwamadzimadzi. Mwachidziwitso, makina a mapulaneti amakhala ndi ma impellers awiri okhala ndi mipikisano (pampu ndi gudumu la turbine), zomwe zili moyang'anizana ndi mzake. Ma impellers onse amatsekedwa m'nyumba imodzi ndipo mafuta amatsanuliridwa pakati pawo.

zodziwikiratu kufala - kufala basi

Gudumu la turbine limalumikizidwa ndi zida zapadziko lapansi kudzera pamtengo. Choyimitsacho chimamangirizidwa mwamphamvu ku flywheel. Pambuyo poyambitsa mphamvu yamagetsi, flywheel imayamba kuzungulira ndikuyendetsa chopopera chopopera. Masamba ake amanyamula madzi omwe amagwira ntchito ndikuwongolera ku masamba a turbine impeller, ndikupangitsa kuti izizungulira. Kuti mafuta asabwererenso, choyatsira chotenthetsera chimayikidwa pakati pa zoyatsira ziwirizo. Imasinthasintha momwe mafuta amayendera ndi kachulukidwe kakachulukidwe ka mafuta polumikizana ndi liwiro la ma impeller onse. Poyamba, riyakitala sichimasuntha, koma mwamsanga pamene liwiro la mawilo liri lofanana, limayamba kuzungulira pa liwiro lomwelo. Iyi ndiye malo olumikizirana.

Gearbox ili ndi zigawo izi:

  • zipangizo zamapulaneti;
  • zogwirira ndi zida mabuleki;
  • zinthu za brake.

Chipangizo cha mapulaneti chili ndi dongosolo logwirizana ndi dzina lake. Ndi giya ("dzuwa") yomwe ili mkati mwa "chonyamulira". Ma satellite amamangiriridwa ku "chonyamulira", panthawi yozungulira amakhudza mphete ya mphete. Ndipo zowombola zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ma disc ophatikizidwa ndi mbale. Ena a iwo amazungulira synchronously ndi kutsinde, ndi ena - mbali ina.

Band brake ndi mbale yomwe imaphimba chimodzi mwa zida za mapulaneti. Ntchito yake imayendetsedwa ndi hydraulic actuator. Dongosolo lowongolera ma gearbox a pulaneti limayang'anira kuyenda kwamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito pobowola kapena kutulutsa zinthu zozungulira, potero kusintha katundu pamawilo.

Monga mukuonera, mphamvu ya injini imafalikira kudzera mumadzi kupita ku gulu la gearbox. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wamafutawo umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma transmissions odziwikiratu.

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito odzipangira okha

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zotengera zodziwikiratu masiku ano zili ndi njira zogwirira ntchito monga zaka theka zapitazo, popanda kusintha kwakukulu.

Kufala kwa Automatic kumachitika motsatira mfundo izi:

  • N - imaphatikizapo kusalowerera ndale;
  • D - kupita patsogolo, kutengera zosowa za dalaivala, pafupifupi magawo onse amitundu yothamanga kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito;
  • P - kuyimitsidwa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekereza ma wheelset (kutsekera kotsekereza kuli m'bokosi lokha ndipo sikumalumikizidwa konse ndi mabuleki oyimitsa magalimoto);
  • R - reverse movement yatsegulidwa;
  • L (ngati ili ndi zida) - imakulolani kuti musunthire ku giya yotsika kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya injini mukamayendetsa mumsewu wovuta.

Masiku ano, mawonekedwe a PRNDL amaonedwa kuti ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba. Idawonekera koyamba pamagalimoto a Ford ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira zida pamagalimoto onse padziko lapansi.

Pamagalimoto ena amakono, njira zowonjezera zoyendetsera zitha kukhazikitsidwanso:

  • OD - overdrive, yomwe imadziwika kuti imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta poyendetsa galimoto;
  • D3 - akulimbikitsidwa poyendetsa kuzungulira mzindawo pa liwiro lapakati, chifukwa nthawi zonse "gasi-brake" pamagetsi amawoloka oyenda pansi nthawi zambiri amaletsa ziwombankhanga mu chosinthira makokedwe;
  • S - njira yogwiritsira ntchito magiya otsika m'nyengo yozizira.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito AKCP ku Russia

Ubwino waukulu magalimoto okonzeka ndi kufala basi akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi yabwino ntchito yawo. Dalaivala sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi kusuntha kosalekeza kwa lever, monga momwe zimachitikira m'bokosi lamanja. Kuphatikiza apo, moyo wautumiki wa gawo lamagetsi lokha umachulukirachulukira kwambiri, chifukwa pakugwira ntchito kwamagetsi ophatikizika, njira zolemetsa zochulukira zimachotsedwa.

Bokosi la "automatic" limagwiritsidwanso ntchito bwino pakukonzekeretsa magalimoto amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga