Injini zamafuta

Mapangidwe a injini za dizilo

Chigawo cha injini ya dizilo ndi imodzi mwamitundu yamagetsi a piston. Pankhani ya ntchito yake, pafupifupi palibe chosiyana ndi injini kuyaka mkati mafuta. Palinso ma silinda, pistoni, ndodo zolumikizira, crankshaft ndi zinthu zina.

Zochita za "dizilo" zimachokera ku katundu wodziwotcha wa mafuta a dizilo omwe amapopera mu danga la silinda. Mavavu mu mota yotere amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri - izi zidayenera kuchitidwa kuti chipangizocho chitha kugonjetsedwa ndi katundu wochulukirapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha ichi, kulemera ndi miyeso ya injini ya "dizilo" ndi yaikulu kuposa ya mafuta ofanana.

Palinso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa dizilo ndi petulo. Zimagona momwe kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumapangidwira, mfundo yake yoyatsira ndi kuyaka ndi chiyani. Poyamba, mpweya wabwino waukhondo umayendetsedwa mu masilinda ogwirira ntchito. Pamene mpweya umakanikizidwa, umatentha mpaka kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 700, kenako majekeseni amalowetsa mafuta m'chipinda choyaka. Kutentha kwakukulu kumalimbikitsa kuyaka kwamafuta nthawi yomweyo. Kuyaka limodzi ndi mofulumira kumanga-mmwamba kuthamanga mkulu mu yamphamvu, kotero dizilo unit umatulutsa khalidwe phokoso pa ntchito.

Injini ya dizilo idayamba

Kuyambitsa injini ya dizilo kumalo ozizira kumachitika chifukwa cha mapulagi owala. Izi ndi zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu chipinda chilichonse choyaka moto. Kuyatsa kukayatsidwa, mapulagi owala amatenthetsa mpaka kutentha kwambiri = pafupifupi madigiri 800. Izi zimatenthetsa mpweya m'zipinda zoyaka moto. Njira yonseyi imatenga masekondi angapo, ndipo dalaivala amadziwitsidwa ndi chizindikiro cha chizindikiro mu gulu la zida kuti injini ya dizilo yakonzeka kuyamba.

Magetsi kumapulagi oyaka amazimitsidwa pafupifupi masekondi 20 mutayamba. Izi ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa ntchito khola injini ozizira.

Mafuta a injini ya dizilo

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pa injini ya dizilo ndi njira yoperekera mafuta. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka mafuta a dizilo ku silinda mulingo wocheperako komanso pakanthawi kochepa.

Zigawo zazikulu za dongosolo mafuta:

• pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri (TNVD);
• jekeseni mafuta;
• zosefera.

Cholinga chachikulu cha mpope wa jakisoni ndikupereka mafuta kwa ma injectors. Zimagwira ntchito molingana ndi pulogalamu yomwe wapatsidwa malinga ndi momwe injini imagwirira ntchito komanso zochita za dalaivala. M'malo mwake, mapampu amafuta amakono ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimangoyendetsa injini ya dizilo potengera momwe dalaivala amawongolera.

Panthawi yomwe dalaivala akukankhira gasi pedal, sasintha kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa, koma amasintha machitidwe a olamulira malinga ndi mphamvu ya kukanikiza pedal. Ndiowongolera omwe amasintha kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa injini ndipo, motero, kuthamanga kwa makina.

Monga akatswiri a Favorit Motors Group amazindikira, mapampu a jakisoni wamafuta amapangidwe ogawa nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pamagalimoto okwera, ma crossovers ndi ma SUV. Ndiophatikizana mu kukula, amapereka mafuta mofanana ndi ma silinda ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino pa liwiro lalikulu.

Injector imalandira mafuta kuchokera ku mpope ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mafuta asanayambe kuwongolera mafuta kuchipinda choyaka. Magawo a dizilo ali ndi majekeseni okhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya ogawa: mtundu kapena mabowo ambiri. Masingano ogawa amapangidwa ndi zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri, zosagwira kutentha chifukwa zimagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri.

Fyuluta yamafuta ndi yosavuta komanso, nthawi yomweyo, imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pagawo la dizilo. Magawo ake ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kugwirizana ndendende ndi mtundu wina wa injini. Cholinga cha fyuluta ndikulekanitsa condensate (bowo lapansi lotayira ndi pulagi limapangidwira izi) ndikuchotsa mpweya wochuluka kuchokera ku dongosolo (pampu yapamwamba yowonjezereka imagwiritsidwa ntchito). Mitundu ina yamagalimoto imakhala ndi ntchito yotenthetsera magetsi a fyuluta yamafuta - izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyambitsa injini ya dizilo m'nyengo yozizira.

Mitundu ya mayunitsi a dizilo

M'makampani amakono amagalimoto, mitundu iwiri yamagetsi a dizilo imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• injini za jekeseni mwachindunji;
• injini za dizilo zokhala ndi chipinda choyatsira chosiyana.

M'mayunitsi a dizilo okhala ndi jekeseni mwachindunji, chipinda choyaka moto chimaphatikizidwa mu pistoni. Mafuta amalowetsedwa mu danga pamwamba pa pistoni ndiyeno amalowetsedwa m'chipinda. Jekeseni wamafuta wamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi otsika kwambiri, osunthika pomwe kuyaka kumakhala kovuta.

Ma injini a dizilo okhala ndi chipinda chosiyana ndizofala masiku ano. Chisakanizo choyaka moto sichimabayidwa mumlengalenga pamwamba pa pisitoni, koma m'malo owonjezera pamutu wa silinda. Njira iyi imakonzekeretsa njira yodziwotcha. Kuphatikiza apo, injini ya dizilo yamtundu uwu imagwira ntchito ndi phokoso lochepa ngakhale pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri. Izi ndi injini amene anaika lero mu magalimoto, crossovers ndi SUVs.

Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, mphamvu ya dizilo imagwira ntchito m'mizere inayi ndi mikwingwirima iwiri.

Kuzungulira kwa sitiroko zinayi kumaphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa a kagwiridwe kagawo ka mphamvu:

• Sitiroko yoyamba ndi kuzungulira kwa crankshaft madigiri 180. Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kake, valavu yolowetsa imatsegulidwa, chifukwa chake mpweya umaperekedwa ku cylinder cavity. Pambuyo pake, valve imatseka mwadzidzidzi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pamalo ena, valve yotulutsa (kutulutsa) imatsegulanso. Mphindi yotsegula nthawi imodzi ya mavavu amatchedwa overlap.
• Sitiroko yachiwiri ndiyo kukanikizidwa kwa mpweya ndi pisitoni.
• Muyeso wachitatu ndi chiyambi cha kusuntha. Crankshaft imazungulira madigiri 540, kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi mpweya kumayaka ndikuyaka ikakumana ndi majekeseni. Mphamvu yotulutsidwa ikayaka imalowa mu pistoni ndikupangitsa kuti isunthe.
• Kuzungulira kwachinayi kumayenderana ndi kuzungulira kwa crankshaft mpaka madigiri 720. Pistoni imakwera ndikutulutsa zinthu zoyaka zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu valve yotulutsa mpweya.

Kuzungulira kwapawiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa dizilo. Chofunikira chake ndi chakuti kukwapulidwa kwa mpweya ndi kuyamba kwa ntchito kumafupikitsidwa. Pankhaniyi, pisitoni imatulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kudzera m'madoko apadera olowera pakugwira ntchito, osati ikatsikira. Ikatenga malo oyamba, pisitoni imatsukidwa kuti ichotse zotsalira pakuyaka.

Ubwino ndi Zoyipa Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo za Dizilo

Magawo amagetsi a dizilo amadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuchita bwino. Akatswiri a Favorit Motors Group amawona kuti magalimoto okhala ndi injini za dizilo akufunika kwambiri chaka chilichonse mdziko lathu.

Choyamba, chifukwa cha peculiarities ya ndondomeko kuyaka mafuta ndi kumasulidwa mosalekeza wa mpweya utsi, dizilo si kukakamiza okhwima khalidwe mafuta. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo kuzisamalira. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta a injini ya dizilo ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi gawo la petulo la voliyumu yomweyo.

Kachiwiri, kuyaka modzidzimutsa kwa kusakaniza kwamafuta-mpweya kumachitika mofanana pa nthawi ya jekeseni. Choncho, injini za dizilo zimatha kugwira ntchito pa liwiro lotsika ndipo, ngakhale izi, zimatulutsa torque kwambiri. Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti galimoto yokhala ndi dizilo ikhale yosavuta kuyendetsa kuposa galimoto yomwe imadya mafuta a petulo.

Chachitatu, utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito wa gasi kuchokera ku injini ya dizilo uli ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri wa carbon monoxide, womwe umapangitsa kuti magalimoto oterowo azikhala otetezeka.

Ngakhale kudalirika kwawo komanso moyo wapamwamba wa injini, mayunitsi amagetsi a dizilo amalephera pakapita nthawi. Akatswiri a Favorit Motors Group of Companies samalangiza kuchita ntchito yokonza nokha, chifukwa injini zamakono za dizilo ndizokwera kwambiri. Ndipo kukonza kwawo kumafuna chidziwitso chapadera ndi zida.

Akatswiri oyendetsa magalimoto a Favorit Motors ndi amisiri oyenerera omwe amaliza maphunziro awo ndi maphunziro m'malo ophunzitsira opanga mafakitale. Ali ndi mwayi wopeza zolemba zonse zaukadaulo ndipo ali ndi zaka zambiri zakukonzanso mayunitsi a dizilo pakusintha kulikonse. Malo athu aukadaulo ali ndi zida zonse zofunikira komanso zida zapadera zowunikira ndikukonza injini za dizilo. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zobwezeretsa ndi kukonza injini za dizilo zoperekedwa ndi Favorit Motors Group of Companies ndizosavuta pazikwama za Muscovites.

Akatswiri ogwira ntchito zamagalimoto amawona kuti moyo wautali wa injini ya dizilo mwachindunji zimatengera momwe ntchito yanthawi yake komanso yapamwamba imachitikira. Pamalo aukadaulo a Favorit Motors, kukonza pafupipafupi kumachitika motsatira ma chart a wopanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira zovomerezeka zapamwamba zokha.

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