Kuchita bwino kwa injini yoyaka mkati - tikudziwa bwino poyerekeza
Zamkatimu
Pakati pa makhalidwe ambiri a njira zosiyanasiyana m'galimoto, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi Kuchita bwino kwa injini yoyaka mkati. Kuti mudziwe tanthauzo la lingaliro ili, muyenera kudziwa bwino lomwe injini yoyaka moto yamkati.
Mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati - ndichiyani?
Choyamba, injiniyo imatembenuza mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapezeka pa kuyaka kwamafuta kukhala gawo lina la ntchito yamakina. Mosiyana ndi injini za nthunzi, injinizi ndi zopepuka komanso zophatikizika. Zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo zimawononga mafuta okhazikika amadzimadzi ndi mpweya. Choncho, mphamvu ya injini zamakono amawerengedwa potengera makhalidwe awo luso ndi zizindikiro zina.
Kuchita bwino (coefficient of performance) ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zomwe zimatumizidwa ku shaft ya injini ku mphamvu yolandiridwa ndi pisitoni chifukwa cha machitidwe a mpweya.. Tikayerekeza mphamvu ya injini za mphamvu zosiyana, tikhoza kuzindikira kuti mtengo uwu kwa aliyense wa iwo uli ndi makhalidwe ake.
Kuchita bwino kwa injini kumadalira kuwonongeka kwamakina osiyanasiyana pamagawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito. Zotayika zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kake ka mbali imodzi ya injini ndi kukangana kwake. Izi ndi ma pistoni, mphete za pistoni ndi ma bere osiyanasiyana. Zigawozi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 65% yazonse. Kuphatikiza apo, zotayika zimabwera chifukwa cha machitidwe monga mapampu, maginito ndi zina, zomwe zimatha kufikira 18%. Gawo laling'ono la zotayika ndi zotsutsana zomwe zimachitika mu dongosolo la mafuta panthawi ya kudya ndi kutulutsa mpweya.
Koposa zonse, mphamvuyo imachepa chifukwa cha kutayika kwa kutentha. Chomera chamagetsi chimatenthetsa zinthu zonse zadongosolo, kuphatikiza choziziritsa, radiator yozizirira ndi chotenthetsera, pamodzi ndi izi, kutentha kumatayika. Gawo latayika pamodzi ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Pa avareji, kutayika kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti 35% igwire bwino ntchito, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwa ena 25%. Wina 20% amakhala ndi zotayika zamakina, i.e. pa zinthu zomwe zimapanga mikangano (pistoni, mphete, etc.). Mafuta a injini apamwamba amathandizira kuchepetsa kukangana, koma izi sizingathetsedwe kwathunthu.
Chifukwa chochepa kwambiri cha injini, ndizotheka kuwonetsa zotayika momveka bwino, mwachitsanzo, pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Ndi mafuta pafupifupi 10 malita pa makilomita zana, zimangotengera 2-3 malita a mafuta kuti adutse gawo ili, ena onse ndi kutayika. Injini ya dizilo imakhala ndi zotayika zochepa, komanso injini yoyaka mkati yokhala ndi zida za baluni ya gasi. Ngati vuto lalikulu la injini ndi lofunikira, ndiye kuti pali zosankha ndi coefficient 90%, koma ndi magalimoto amagetsi ndi magalimoto okhala ndi injini yosakanizidwa. Monga lamulo, mtengo wawo ndi wokwera pang'ono ndipo chifukwa chazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (kubwezeretsanso nthawi zonse kumafunika ndipo fungo la kuthamanga ndilochepa), makina oterowo akadali osowa m'dziko lathu.
Kuyerekeza mphamvu ya injini - petulo ndi dizilo
Ngati tiyerekeza mphamvu ya injini ya mafuta ndi dizilo, tisaiwale kuti woyamba wa iwo si kokwanira ndipo otembenuka okha 25-30% ya mphamvu kwaiye ntchito zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya injini dizilo muyezo kufika 40%, ndi ntchito turbocharging ndi intercooling kumawonjezera mtengo mpaka 50%.
Ma injini onsewa, ngakhale amafanana mapangidwe, ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapangidwe osakaniza. Chifukwa chake, ma pistoni a injini ya carburetor amagwira ntchito pamatenthedwe apamwamba omwe amafunikira kuziziritsa kwapamwamba. Chifukwa cha izi, mphamvu yotentha yomwe ingasinthe kukhala mphamvu yamakina imatayidwa popanda phindu, kutsitsa mtengo wonsewo.
Komabe, pofuna kuwonjezera mphamvu ya injini ya petulo, njira zina zimatengedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ma valve awiri olowera ndi otulutsa amatha kuikidwa pa silinda, m'malo mwa cholowa chimodzi ndi valavu imodzi yotulutsa mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, injini zina zimakhala ndi koyilo yoyatsira padera pa pulagi iliyonse. Kuwongolera kwa throttle nthawi zambiri kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamagetsi, osati chingwe wamba.
Mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo - yowoneka bwino
Dizilo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya injini zoyatsira mkati, momwe kuyatsa kwa kusakaniza kogwira ntchito kumachitika chifukwa cha kukanikiza. Choncho, kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu silinda ndipamwamba kwambiri kuposa injini ya petulo. Poyerekeza mphamvu ya injini ya dizilo ndi luso la mapangidwe ena, munthu akhoza kuona kuti ndi bwino kwambiri.
Pamaso pa liwiro lotsika komanso kusamuka kwakukulu, index yogwira ntchito imatha kupitilira 50%.
Chidwi ayenera kuperekedwa kwa ndi otsika kumwa dizilo mafuta ndi otsika zili zoipa zinthu mu utsi mpweya. Choncho, kufunika kwa mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati kumadalira kwathunthu mtundu wake ndi mapangidwe ake. M'magalimoto ambiri, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito kumachepetsedwa ndikusintha kosiyanasiyana kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito.
