Momwe mungayang'anire Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF) ya injini: Njira 5 zotsimikiziridwa
Zamkatimu
DMRV, mass air flow sensor, mayina ena MAF (Mass Air Flow) kapena MAF kwenikweni ndi mita yoyendetsa mpweya mumagetsi owongolera jekeseni wamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni mumlengalenga kumakhala kokhazikika, chifukwa chake, podziwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umalowa m'thupi komanso chiŵerengero chapakati pa mpweya ndi mafuta pamoto woyaka (stoichiometric), mukhoza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe mukufunikira panthawiyi. popereka lamulo loyenera kwa ojambulira mafuta.
Sensor sikofunikira kuti injini igwire ntchito, chifukwa chake, ngati ikulephera, ndizotheka kusinthana ndi pulogalamu yowongolera yodutsa ndikugwiranso ntchito ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe onse agalimoto paulendo wopita kumalo okonzera.
N'chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira mpweya wothamanga (MAF) m'galimoto
Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pazachilengedwe ndi zachuma, makina owongolera injini zamagetsi (ECM) ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umakokedwa mu masilindala ndi ma pistoni kuti agwire ntchito. Izi zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe phokoso la jekeseni wa petulo lidzatsegulidwa mu masilindala aliwonse.
Popeza kutsika kwamphamvu kwa jekeseni ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimadziwika, nthawi ino ndi yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa kuti ayatse panthawi imodzi ya ntchito ya injini.
Mosalunjika, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kungawerengedwenso podziwa kuthamanga kwa kuzungulira kwa crankshaft, kusuntha kwa injini ndi kuchuluka kwa kutseguka kwa throttle. Deta iyi ndi hardcoded mu pulogalamu yolamulira kapena yoperekedwa ndi masensa oyenerera, kotero injiniyo ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene misala yotulutsa mpweya imalephera.
Koma kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya pa kuzungulira kumakhala kolondola kwambiri ngati mugwiritsa ntchito sensor yapadera. Kusiyana kwa ntchito kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo ngati mutachotsa cholumikizira chamagetsi kuchokera pamenepo. Zizindikiro zonse za kulephera kwa MAF ndi zolakwika zogwirira ntchito pulogalamu yodutsa zidzawonekera.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a DMRV
Pali njira zambiri zoyezera kutuluka kwa mpweya wambiri, zitatu mwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutchuka.
Voliyumu
Mamita oyenda osavuta kwambiri adamangidwa pa mfundo yoyika tsamba loyezera pagawo lodutsa mpweya wodutsa, pomwe kutuluka kwake kudakakamiza. Pansi pakuchita kwake, tsambalo limazungulira mozungulira, pomwe potentiometer yamagetsi idayikidwa.
Zinangotsala kuti zichotse chizindikirocho ndikuzipereka ku ECM kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito powerengera. Chipangizocho ndi chophweka monga momwe zimakhalira zovuta kupanga, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kupeza khalidwe lovomerezeka la kudalira chizindikiro pakuyenda kwa misa. Komanso, kudalirika ndi otsika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa makina osuntha mbali.
Chovuta pang'ono kumvetsetsa ndi mita yothamanga yotengera mfundo ya Karman vortex. Zotsatira za kuchitika kwa kamvuluvulu wamphepo wa cyclic pakadutsa chopinga chopanda ungwiro cha aerodynamic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa mawonetseredwe a chipwirikitiwa kumadalira pafupifupi mzere wothamanga, ngati kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chopingacho zasankhidwa molondola pamtundu womwe ukufunidwa. Ndipo chizindikirocho chimaperekedwa ndi sensor ya air pressure yomwe imayikidwa mdera la chipwirikiti.
Pakadali pano, masensa a volumetric sagwiritsidwa ntchito konse, kutengera zida za waya zotentha za anemometric.
Waya
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chipangizo choterocho kumachokera pa mfundo yoziziritsa koyilo ya platinamu yotenthedwa ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ikayikidwa mumtsinje wa mpweya.
Ngati izi zimadziwika, ndipo zimayikidwa ndi chipangizocho ndi cholondola kwambiri komanso chokhazikika, ndiye kuti voteji pa spiral idzadalira ndi mzere wangwiro pa kukana kwake, zomwe zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kwa conductive kutentha. ulusi.
Koma itakhazikika ndi kutuluka komwe kukubwera, kotero tikhoza kunena kuti chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a voteji ndi ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wodutsa pa nthawi ya unit, ndiko kuti, ndendende chizindikiro chomwe chiyenera kuyezedwa.
Zoonadi, cholakwika chachikulu chidzayambitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, komwe kumadalira mphamvu zake ndi kutentha kwake. Choncho, chopondereza chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chimalowetsedwa m'derali, chomwe mwa njira imodzi kuchokera kwa ambiri omwe amadziwika mu zamagetsi amaganizira kuwongolera kutentha kwa kutentha.
Waya MAFs ali ndi kulondola kwakukulu komanso kudalirika kovomerezeka, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto opangidwa. Ngakhale ponena za mtengo ndi zovuta, sensa iyi ndi yachiwiri kwa ECM yokha.
Kanema
Mufilimu ya MAF, kusiyana kwa waya MAF kumapangidwa kokha, mwachidziwitso kuti akadali ofanana ndi anemometer yotentha ya waya. Zinthu zowotcha zokha komanso zotsutsana zolipirira thermally zimapangidwa ngati mafilimu pa chip semiconductor.
Chotsatira chake chinali chojambula chophatikizika, chophatikizika komanso chodalirika, ngakhale chovuta kwambiri pankhani yaukadaulo wopanga. Ndizovuta izi zomwe sizimalola kulondola kwakukulu komwe waya wa platinamu amapereka.
Koma kulondola mopitirira muyeso kwa DMRV sikofunikira, dongosololi limagwirabe ntchito ndi ndemanga pa zomwe zili ndi mpweya mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, kukonza koyenera kwa cyclic mafuta kudzapangidwa.
Koma popanga misala, sensa ya kanema idzawononga ndalama zochepa, ndipo ndi mfundo yake yomanga, imakhala yodalirika kwambiri. Choncho, pang'onopang'ono akusintha mawaya, ngakhale kuti onse awiri amataya mphamvu zowonongeka, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa DMRV posintha njira yowerengera.
Zizindikiro
Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya DMRV pa injini zimadalira kwambiri galimotoyo. Zina zimakhala zosatheka kuti ayambe ngati sensa yotuluka ikulephera, ngakhale ambiri amangosokoneza ntchito yawo ndikukweza liwiro lopanda ntchito posiya njira yodutsamo ndipo kuwala kwa Check Engine kuyatsa.
Kawirikawiri, mapangidwe osakaniza amasokonezeka. ECM, yonyengedwa ndi kuwerengera kolakwika kwa mpweya, imapanga mafuta osakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa injini kusintha kwambiri:
- kuchepa kapena kulemeretsa kwa osakaniza kumabweretsa chipwirikiti chachisokonezo mu injini kukankha;
- liwiro lopanda ntchito limadumpha mpaka likhazikitsidwe pamlingo wokwera kawiri kapena katatu pambuyo poti MAF itachotsedwa pakuganiziridwa ndi wowongolera;
- kuchuluka kwamafuta kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu zamagalimoto zimawonongeka;
- nyali yowongolera imawunikiridwa ndipo zimakhala zotheka kuwerenga cholakwikacho.
Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa MAF kumatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sikani yomwe imatha kuzindikira zolakwika mu kukumbukira kwa ECM.
DMRV zolakwika zizindikiro
Nthawi zambiri, wowongolera amatulutsa khodi yolakwika P0100. Izi zikutanthawuza kusokonezeka kwa MAF, kupanga kutulutsa koteroko kwa ECM kumapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zochokera ku sensa zipitirire kupitirira zomwe zingatheke kwa nthawi yoperekedwa.
Pankhaniyi, zolakwika zambiri zitha kufotokozedwa ndi zina:
- P0101 - mulingo wazizindikiro wolakwika, wakunja;
- P0102 - otsika mlingo mu dera chizindikiro;
- P0103 - mkulu mlingo mu dera chizindikiro;
- P0104 - chizindikiro chosakhazikika ndi zolakwika.
Sizingatheke nthawi zonse kudziwa mosadziwika bwino kuti palibe cholakwika ndi manambala olakwika, nthawi zambiri izi zimangokhala ngati chidziwitso chowunikira.
Kuphatikiza apo, zolakwika sizimawonekera nthawi imodzi, mwachitsanzo, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa DMRV kungayambitse kusintha kwa kusakaniza ndi ma code ngati P0174 ndi zina zotero. Zinanso diagnostics ikuchitika molingana ndi zenizeni sensa kuwerenga.
Momwe mungayang'anire sensor ya MAF
Chipangizocho ndi chovuta komanso chokwera mtengo, chomwe chidzafunika chisamaliro mukachikana. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira, ngakhale zinthu zitha kukhala zosiyana.
Njira 1 - kufufuza kunja
Malo a MAF panjira ya mpweya wotuluka kale kuseri kwa fyuluta ayenera kuteteza zinthu za sensa ku kuwonongeka kwa makina powuluka tinthu tolimba kapena dothi.
Koma fyulutayo si yangwiro, imatha kuthyoledwa kapena kuikidwa ndi zolakwika, kotero mkhalidwe wa sensa ukhoza kuyesedwa poyamba.
Malo ake okhudzidwa ayenera kukhala opanda kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena kuipitsidwa kowonekera. Zikatero, chipangizocho sichidzatha kupereka zowerengera zolondola ndipo kulowererapo kudzafunika kukonza.
Njira 2 - kuzimitsa
Muzochitika zosadziwika bwino, pamene ECM sichitha kukana chojambuliracho ndi kusintha kwa njira yodutsa, chochita choterocho chikhoza kuchitidwa paokha mwa kungozimitsa injini ndikuchotsa cholumikizira chamagetsi ku DMRV.
Ngati ntchito ya injini imakhala yokhazikika, ndipo zosintha zake zonse zimakhalabe zofanana ndi pulogalamu yodutsa sensa, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro lopanda ntchito, ndiye kuti zokayikirazo zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa.
Njira 3 - fufuzani ndi multimeter
Magalimoto onse ndi osiyana, kotero palibe njira imodzi yowonera MAF ndi multimeter voltmeter, koma pogwiritsa ntchito makina a VAZ ambiri monga chitsanzo, mukhoza kusonyeza momwe izi zimachitikira.
Voltmeter iyenera kukhala yolondola, ndiye kuti, ikhale ya digito ndipo ikhale ndi manambala osachepera 4. Iyenera kulumikizidwa pakati pa chida "nthaka", chomwe chili pa cholumikizira cha DMRV ndi waya wamakina pogwiritsa ntchito ma probe a singano.
Mpweya wa sensa yatsopano itatha kuyatsa sikufika 1 Volt, kwa DMRV yogwira ntchito (Bosch systems, Siemens imapezeka, pali zizindikiro zina ndi njira) pafupifupi mpaka 1,04 volts ndi kuyenera kuchulukirachulukira pakuwomba, ndiko kuti, kuyambira ndi kutembenuka.
Mwachidziwitso, ndizotheka kuyitanitsa zinthu za sensa ndi ohmmeter, koma iyi ndi ntchito ya akatswiri omwe amadziwa bwino gawo la zinthuzo.
Njira 4 - kuyang'ana ndi scanner Vasya Diagnostic
Ngati palibe zofunikira zowonetsera khodi yolakwika, koma kukayikira za sensayo kwapangidwa, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuwona zowerengera zake pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makompyuta, mwachitsanzo VCDS, yomwe imatchedwa Vasya Diagnostic mu Russian adaptation.
Makanema okhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya (211, 212, 213) amawonetsedwa pazenera. Posamutsa injini kumitundu yosiyanasiyana, mutha kuwona momwe kuwerenga kwa MAF kumayenderana ndi zomwe zalembedwa.
Zimachitika kuti zopotoka zimachitika kokha ndi mpweya wina, ndipo cholakwikacho alibe nthawi yowonekera mu mawonekedwe a code. Scanner ikulolani kuti muganizire izi mwatsatanetsatane.
Njira 5 - m'malo ndi yogwira ntchito
DMRV amatanthauza masensa amenewo, m'malo mwake sikovuta, nthawi zonse kumawonekera. Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito sensa m'malo, ndipo ngati ntchito ya injini ibwerera mwakale molingana ndi zizindikiro kapena deta ya scanner, ndiye kuti zomwe zatsala ndikugula sensor yatsopano.
Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri ofufuza matenda amakhala ndi m'malo mwa zida zotere. Mukungoyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chipangizo chosinthira ndichofanana ndendende ndi momwe chimayenera kukhalira pa injini iyi molingana ndi mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe amodzi sakwanira, muyenera kuyang'ana manambala amndandanda.
Momwe mungayeretsere sensa
Nthawi zambiri, vuto lokhalo ndi sensa ndi kuipitsidwa ndi moyo wautali. Pankhaniyi, kuyeretsa kungathandize.
Chinthu chofewa chosavuta sichingalole kukhudzidwa kwamtundu uliwonse ndipo sichidzawonetsa zabwino zonse kwa wowongolera. Kuipitsa kuyenera kungochapidwa.
Kusankha koyeretsa
Mutha kuyesa kupeza madzi apadera, omwe amapezeka m'mabuku opanga ena, koma ndizosavuta komanso zothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chotsuka chodziwika bwino cha carburetor mu zitini za aerosol.
Mwakutsuka chinthu chodziwika bwino cha sensa kudzera mu chubu choperekedwa, mutha kuwona momwe dothi limathera pamaso panu, nthawi zambiri zinthu zotere zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri pakuipitsa magalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, imasamalira bwino zamagetsi zoyezera bwino, osayambitsa kuzirala kwadzidzidzi, monga mowa.
Momwe mungakulitsire moyo wa MAF
Kudalirika ndi kukhazikika kwa sensa yotulutsa mpweya kumadalira kwathunthu momwe mpweya uwu ulili.
Ndiye kuti, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ndikusintha fyuluta ya mpweya nthawi zonse, kupewa kutsekeka kwake, kunyowa mvula, komanso kuyika ndi zolakwika pamene mipata imakhala pakati pa nyumba ndi fyuluta.
Ndizosavomerezekanso kugwiritsa ntchito injini yomwe ili ndi vuto lomwe limalola kuti mpweya ulowe m'njira yolowera. Izi zimawononganso MAF.
Kupanda kutero, sensa ndiyodalirika ndipo siyibweretsa vuto lililonse, ngakhale kuwunika kwake pafupipafupi pa scanner kudzakhala muyeso wabwino kuti musunge mafuta oyenera.
