Momwe mungayang'anire sensor ya ABS kuti igwire ntchito

Kukhalapo kwa ABS m'galimoto nthawi zina kumawonjezera chitetezo chamsewu. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, zida za galimoto zimatha ndipo zimatha kukhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Podziwa momwe mungayang'anire kachipangizo ka ABS, dalaivala amatha kuzindikira ndikukonza vutoli munthawi yake popanda kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogulitsa magalimoto.

Zamkatimu

• 1 Momwe ABS imagwirira ntchito mgalimoto
• 2 ABS chipangizo
• 3 Mfundo zofunikira
  • 3.1 Wosamvera
  • 3.2 magnetoresistive
  • 3.3 Kutengera ndi Hall element
• 4 Zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro za malfunctions
• 5 Momwe mungayang'anire sensor ya ABS
  • 5.1 Tester (multimeter)
  • 5.2 Oscilloscope
  • 5.3 Popanda zida
• 6 Kukonza masensa
  • 6.1 Video: momwe mungakonzere sensa ya ABS
• 7 Kukonza mawaya

Momwe ABS imagwirira ntchito mgalimoto

Anti-lock braking system (ABS, ABS; Chingerezi. Anti-lock braking system) idapangidwa kuti iziletsa kutsekeka kwa mawilo agalimoto.

Ntchito yayikulu ya ABS ndi kusunga kulamulira makina, bata ndi controllability pa mabuleki mosayembekezereka. Izi zimathandiza dalaivala kuti apange njira yakuthwa, yomwe imawonjezera kwambiri chitetezo chogwira chagalimoto.

Popeza kuti coefficient of friction imachepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi coefficient of rest, galimotoyo imayendetsa mtunda wokulirapo kwambiri pochita mabuleki pa mawilo okhoma kusiyana ndi magudumu ozungulira. Kuonjezera apo, mawilo akatsekedwa, galimotoyo imanyamula skid, zomwe zimalepheretsa dalaivala mwayi wochita chilichonse.

Dongosolo la ABS siligwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Pamalo osakhazikika (nthaka yotayirira, miyala, matalala kapena mchenga), mawilo osasunthika amapanga chotchinga kuchokera pamwamba pawo, ndikuphwanya. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri mtunda wa braking. Galimoto yokhala ndi matayala opakidwa pa ayezi ikayatsidwa ABS imayenda mtunda wautali kuposa mawilo okhoma. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuzungulirako kumalepheretsa ma spikes, kugunda mu ayezi, kuti asachepetse kuyenda kwa magalimoto. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, galimotoyo imakhala yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunika kwambiri.

Masensa akuthamanga kwa magudumu amayikidwa pazigawo

Zida zomwe zimayikidwa pamagalimoto amodzi zimalola ntchito yolepheretsa ABS.

Ndizosangalatsa! Madalaivala odziwa pamagalimoto omwe alibe zida zotsutsana ndi loko, akamagunda mosayembekezereka pagawo lovuta lamsewu (asphalt wonyowa, ayezi, slurry wa chipale chofewa), gwiritsani ntchito brake pedal jerkily. Mwanjira imeneyi, amapewa kutseka kwa magudumu athunthu ndikuletsa galimoto kuti isadutse.

ABS chipangizo

Anti-lock chipangizo chimakhala ndi mfundo zingapo:

• Kuthamanga mita (kuthamanga, kutsika);
• Control maginito shutters, amene ali mbali ya kuthamanga modulator ndipo ili mu mzere wa dongosolo braking;
• Electronic monitoring and control system.

Ma pulses ochokera ku masensa amatumizidwa ku unit control unit. Pakachitika kuchepa kosayembekezereka kwa liwiro kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu (kutsekeka) kwa gudumu lililonse, unit imatumiza lamulo kwa damper yomwe mukufuna, yomwe imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi omwe amalowa mu caliper. Chifukwa chake, ma brake pads amafooka, ndipo gudumu limayambiranso kuyenda. Pamene liwiro la gudumu likufanana ndi ena onse, valavu imatseka ndipo kupanikizika mu dongosolo lonse kumafanana.

General view wa ABS dongosolo galimoto

Pamagalimoto atsopano, anti-lock braking system imayambika mpaka ka 20 pa sekondi iliyonse.

ABS yamagalimoto ena imaphatikizapo mpope, ntchito yake ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa gawo lomwe mukufuna lamsewu kuti likhale labwinobwino.

Ndizosangalatsa! Zochita za anti-lock braking system zimamveka ndi kugwedezeka kwa reverse (kuwomba) pa brake pedal ndi kukakamiza kwambiri.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mavavu ndi masensa, chipangizocho chimagawidwa kukhala:

• Njira imodzi. Sensor ili pafupi ndi kusiyana kwa chitsulo chakumbuyo. Ngati ngakhale gudumu limodzi layima, valavuyo imatsitsa kuthamanga pamzere wonsewo. Amapezeka pamagalimoto akale okha.
• Njira ziwiri. Masensa awiri ali kutsogolo ndi mawilo akumbuyo diagonally. Vavu imodzi imalumikizidwa ndi mzere wa mlatho uliwonse. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto opangidwa motsatira miyezo yamakono.
• Njira zitatu. Ma Speed ​​​​meters ali pamawilo akutsogolo ndi ma axle akumbuyo. Aliyense ali ndi valve yosiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yamagalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo kwa bajeti.
• Njira zinayi. Gudumu lirilonse liri ndi sensa ndipo liwiro lake lozungulira limayendetsedwa ndi valve yosiyana. Zaikidwa pamagalimoto amakono.

Mfundo zofunikira

Sensor ya ABS yokhala ndiimawerengedwa ndi gawo loyezera kwambiri la anti-lock braking system.

Chipangizochi chili ndi:

• mita yoyikidwa mokhazikika pafupi ndi gudumu;
• Mphete yolowera (chizindikiro chozungulira, chowongolera) chokwera pa gudumu (hub, hub yonyamula, cholumikizira cha CV).

Zomverera zilipo m'mitundu iwiri:

• Chowongoka (mapeto) mawonekedwe a cylindrical (ndodo) yokhala ndi chinthu chotengera mbali imodzi ndi cholumikizira mbali inayo;
• Amakhala ndi cholumikizira pambali ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki bulaketi yokhala ndi dzenje la bawuti yokwera.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya masensa omwe alipo:

• Passive - inductive;
• Yogwira - magnetoresistive komanso yochokera ku Hall element.

ABS imakupatsani mwayi woti muzitha kuwongolera ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika panthawi yoyendetsa mwadzidzidzi

Wosamvera

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi dongosolo losavuta la ntchito, pomwe ali odalirika komanso amakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki. Sichiyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mphamvu. Sensa yochititsa chidwi kwenikweni ndi koyilo yolowetsa yopangidwa ndi waya wamkuwa, pakati pake pomwe pali maginito osasunthika okhala ndi chitsulo chapakati.

Meta ili ndi pachimake chake kupita ku inpulse rotor ngati gudumu lomwe lili ndi mano. Pali kusiyana kwina pakati pawo. Mano a rotor ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi. Kusiyana pakati pawo ndi wofanana kapena pang'ono kuposa m'lifupi la dzino.

Pamene zoyendetsa zikuyenda, mano a rotor akudutsa pafupi ndi pachimake, mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imalowa mkati mwa coil imasintha nthawi zonse, imapanga njira yosinthira mu coil. Mafupipafupi ndi matalikidwe a panopa zimadalira mwachindunji liwiro la gudumu. Kutengera kukonza kwa deta iyi, gawo lowongolera limapereka lamulo ku ma valve a solenoid.

Kuipa kwa ma sensors okhazikika ndi awa:

• Miyeso yayikulu;
• Kulondola kofooka kwa zizindikiro;
• Iwo amayamba kugwira ntchito pamene galimoto liwiro kuposa 5 Km / h;
• Amagwira ntchito ndi kasinthasintha kakang'ono ka gudumu.

Chifukwa cha zolakwika pafupipafupi pamagalimoto amakono, sizimayikidwa kawirikawiri.

magnetoresistive

Ntchitoyi imachokera kuzinthu za ferromagnetic kuti zisinthe kukana kwa magetsi pamene zimayendera maginito osasunthika. 

Gawo la sensa yomwe imayang'anira kusintha imapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zinayi za mbale zachitsulo-nickel ndi ma conductor omwe amaikidwapo. Gawo la chinthucho limayikidwa mu dera lophatikizika lomwe limawerenga kusintha kwa kukana ndikupanga chizindikiro chowongolera.

The impulse rotor, yomwe ndi mphete ya pulasitiki yopangidwa ndi maginito m'malo mwake, imakhazikika mokhazikika pamagudumu. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, magawo a maginito a rotor amasintha sing'anga mu mbale za chinthu chodziwika bwino, chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa ndi dera. Pakutulutsa kwake, ma pulse digito ma sign amapangidwa omwe amalowa mu unit control.

Mtundu uwu wa chipangizo umayendetsa liwiro, kayendetsedwe ka magudumu ndi mphindi ya kuyima kwawo kwathunthu.

Magneto-resistive sensors amazindikira kusintha kwa magudumu agalimoto molondola kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito achitetezo.

Kutengera ndi Hall element

Mtundu uwu wa sensa ya ABS umagwira ntchito kutengera zotsatira za Hall. Mu kondakitala wathyathyathya woyikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito, kusiyana komwe kungatheke kumapangidwa.

Hall effect - mawonekedwe a kusintha kosinthika komwe kungathe kuchitika pamene woyendetsa wolunjika waikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito

Kondakitala uyu ndi mbale yachitsulo yooneka ngati makwerero yomwe imayikidwa mu microcircuit, yomwe imaphatikizapo Hall Integrated circuit ndi control electronic system. Sensayi ili mbali ina ya gudumu loyendetsa ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a gudumu lachitsulo lokhala ndi mano kapena mphete ya pulasitiki m'malo opangidwa ndi maginito, okhazikika ku gudumu.

Dera la Hall nthawi zonse limapanga kuphulika kwa ma signal pafupipafupi. Popuma, mafupipafupi a chizindikirocho amachepetsedwa kukhala ochepa kapena amasiya kwathunthu. Pakusuntha, madera okhala ndi maginito kapena mano a rotor akudutsa ndi chinthu chomverera amayambitsa kusintha kwaposachedwa mu sensa, yokhazikitsidwa ndi dera lotsata. Malingana ndi deta yolandiridwa, chizindikiro chotulutsa chimapangidwa chomwe chimalowa mu unit control.

Zomverera zamtundu uwu zimayesa kuthamanga kuyambira pachiyambi cha kayendedwe ka makina, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kulondola kwa miyeso ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito.

Zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro za malfunctions

M'magalimoto amtundu watsopano, pamene kuyatsa kumayatsidwa, kudzidziwitsa nokha kwa anti-lock braking system kumachitika, pomwe ntchito ya zinthu zake zonse imawunikidwa.

Zizindikiro	Zotheka
Kudzifufuza kumawonetsa zolakwika. ABS ndiyoyimitsidwa.	Kugwiritsa ntchito kolakwika kwa unit control. Dulani waya kuchokera ku sensor kupita ku control unit.
Diagnostics sapeza zolakwika. ABS ndiyoyimitsidwa.	Kuphwanya umphumphu wa mawaya kuchokera ku control unit kupita ku sensa (kupuma, kufupikitsa, makutidwe ndi okosijeni).
Kudzifufuza nokha kumapereka cholakwika. ABS imagwira ntchito popanda kuzimitsa.	Dulani waya wa imodzi mwa masensa.
ABS siyiyatsa.	Dulani waya woperekera mphamvu wagawo lowongolera. Chips ndi kuthyoka kwa mphete yokakamiza. Masewero ambiri pa bere yovunda ya hub.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwonetsa zowunikira pa bolodi, pali zizindikiro zotsatirazi za kusagwira ntchito kwa dongosolo la ABS:

• Mukakanikiza chopondaponda, palibe kugogoda mobwerera ndi kugwedezeka kwa pedal;
• Panthawi yoyendetsa mwadzidzidzi, mawilo onse amatsekedwa;
• Singano ya speedometer imasonyeza liwiro locheperapo kusiyana ndi liwiro lenileni kapena silisuntha konse;
• Ngati ma geji opitilira awiri alephera, chizindikiro cha brake yoyimitsa magalimoto chimayatsa pagawo la zida.

Pakachitika vuto la anti-lock braking system, nyali yochenjeza imayatsa pa dashboard.

Zifukwa zosagwira ntchito bwino za ABS zitha kukhala:

• Kulephera kwa sensor imodzi kapena zingapo zothamanga;
• Kuwonongeka kwa mawaya a masensa, omwe amaphatikiza kusakhazikika kwa chizindikiro ku gawo lowongolera;
• Kutsika kwamagetsi pazigawo za batri pansi pa 10,5 V kumabweretsa kutsekedwa kwa dongosolo la ABS.

Momwe mungayang'anire sensor ya ABS

Mutha kuyang'ana thanzi la sensor yothamanga polumikizana ndi katswiri wamagalimoto, kapena nokha:

• Popanda zipangizo zapadera;
• Multimeter;
• Oscillograph.

Tester (multimeter)

Kuphatikiza pa chipangizo choyezera, mudzafunika kufotokozera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chitsanzochi. Mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe zachitika:

1. Galimotoyo imayikidwa pa nsanja yokhala ndi malo osalala, ofanana, kukonza malo ake.
2. Gudumu lathyoledwa kuti lipezeke kwaulere ku sensa.
3. Pulagi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira imachotsedwa pa waya wamba ndikutsukidwa ndi dothi. Zolumikizira magudumu akumbuyo zili kumbuyo kwa chipinda chokwera anthu. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe cholepheretsa kulowa nawo, muyenera kuchotsa khushoni yakumbuyo yakumbuyo ndikusuntha kapeti ndi mphasa zotsekereza mawu.
4. Chitani kuyang'ana kowonekera kwa mawaya olumikizira kuti palibe abrasions, kusweka ndi kuphwanya kwa kutchinjiriza.
5. Multimeter imayikidwa ku ohmmeter mode.
6. Kulumikizana kwa sensor kumalumikizidwa ndi ma probe a chipangizocho ndipo kukana kumayesedwa. Mlingo wa zizindikiro angapezeke mu malangizo. Ngati palibe bukhu lofotokozera, ndiye kuti kuwerenga kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 2 kOhm kumatengedwa ngati chizolowezi.
7. Chingwe cholumikizira ma waya chiyenera kuzunguliridwa kuti chisaphatikizepo mwayi wokhala ndi dera lalifupi.
8. Kuti mutsimikizire kuti sensa ikugwira ntchito, yendetsani gudumu ndikuwunika deta kuchokera ku chipangizocho. Kuwerenga kotsutsa kumasintha pamene liwiro lozungulira likuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa.
9. Sinthani chidacho kukhala voltmeter mode.
10. Pamene gudumu likuyenda pa liwiro la 1 rpm, magetsi ayenera kukhala 0,25-0,5 V. Pamene liwiro lozungulira likuwonjezeka, magetsi ayenera kuwonjezeka.
11. Kuwona magawo, yang'anani masensa otsalawo.

Ndikofunikira! Mapangidwe ndi kukana kwa masensa akutsogolo ndi ma axles akumbuyo ndi osiyana.

Kukaniza kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 2 kOhm pazigawo za sensor ya ABS kumaonedwa kuti ndikoyenera.

Malinga ndi zizindikiro zoyezera kukana, kugwira ntchito kwa masensa kumatsimikiziridwa:

1. Chizindikirocho chimachepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi chizolowezi - sensa ndiyolakwika;
2. Kukaniza kumakonda kapena kumagwirizana ndi zero - kuzungulira kuzungulira mu koyilo yolowera;
3. Kusintha kwa deta yotsutsa pamene mukugwedeza chingwe cha mawaya - kuwonongeka kwa zingwe za waya;
4. Kukaniza kumakhala kopanda malire - kusweka kwa waya mu cholumikizira cha sensor kapena coil induction.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati, mutatha kuyang'anira ntchito za masensa onse, chiwerengero cha kukana cha aliyense wa iwo chimasiyana kwambiri, sensa iyi ndi yolakwika.

Musanayambe kuyang'ana mawaya a kukhulupirika, muyenera kupeza pinout ya pulagi yolamulira. Pambuyo pake:

1. Tsegulani maulumikizidwe a masensa ndi gawo lowongolera;
2. Malinga ndi pinout, ma waya onse amalira motsatana.

Oscilloscope

Chipangizochi chimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa bwino ntchito ya sensor ya ABS. Malingana ndi graph ya kusintha kwa chizindikiro, kukula kwa pulses ndi matalikidwe awo amayesedwa. Diagnostics ikuchitika pa galimoto popanda kuchotsa dongosolo:

1. Lumikizani cholumikizira cha chipangizocho ndikuchiyeretsa kuchotsa dothi.
2. Oscilloscope imalumikizidwa ndi sensa kudzera m'zikhomo.
3. Malowa amazunguliridwa pa liwiro la 2-3 rpm.
4. Konzani ndandanda yosinthira chizindikiro.
5. Momwemonso, yang'anani sensa kumbali ina ya axle.

Oscilloscope imapereka chithunzi chokwanira kwambiri cha ntchito ya anti-lock braking system sensor

Zomverera zili bwino ngati:

1. The analemba matalikidwe a kusinthasintha chizindikiro pa masensa a olamulira limodzi ndi ofanana;
2. Mzere wa ma graph ndi wofanana, wopanda zowoneka;
3. Kutalika kwa matalikidwe ndikokhazikika ndipo sikudutsa 0,5 V.

Popanda zida

Ntchito yolondola ya sensa imatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa maginito. Chifukwa chiyani chinthu chilichonse chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku thupi la sensa. Choyatsiracho chikayatsidwa, chiyenera kukopeka.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nyumba ya sensor chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwake. Wiring sayenera kusonyeza scuffs, kutchinjiriza yopuma, oxides. Pulagi yolumikizira ya sensa iyenera kukhala yoyera, zolumikizira sizili oxidized.

Ndikofunikira! Dothi ndi ma oxides pamalumikizidwe a pulagi angayambitse kupotoza kwa kufalikira kwa siginecha.

Kukonza masensa

Sensa yolephera ya ABS imatha kukonzedwa nokha. Izi zimafuna khama komanso luso la zida. Ngati mukukayikira luso lanu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe sensor yolakwika ndi yatsopano.

Kukonza kumachitika motere:

1. Sensa imachotsedwa mosamala kuchokera pakatikati. Bawuti yokonza soured sinadulidwe, idathandizidwa kale ndi madzi a WD40.
2. Mlandu woteteza wa koyiloyo umadulidwa ndi macheka, kuyesera kuti asawononge mafunde.
3. Kanema woteteza amachotsedwa pakumangirira ndi mpeni.
4. Waya wowonongekayo ndi wosavula kuchokera ku koyilo. Pakatikati pa ferrite amapangidwa ngati chingwe cha ulusi.
5. Pakuwomba kwatsopano, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito waya wamkuwa kuchokera kumakoyilo a RES-8. Wayayo amalangidwa kuti asatuluke kupitirira miyeso ya pachimake.
6. Yezerani kukana kwa koyilo yatsopano. Iyenera kufanana ndi gawo la sensor yogwira ntchito yomwe ili mbali ina ya axle. Tsitsani mtengowo pomasula mawaya angapo kuchokera pa spool. Kuti muwonjezere kukana, muyenera kubwezera waya wotalikirapo. Konzani waya ndi tepi yomatira kapena tepi.
7. Mawaya, makamaka otsekeka, amagulitsidwa kumapeto kwa mafunde kuti agwirizane ndi koyilo ku mtolo.
8. Koyiloyo imayikidwa m'nyumba yakale. Ngati yawonongeka, ndiye kuti koyiloyo imadzazidwa ndi epoxy resin, atayiyika kale pakati pa nyumba kuchokera ku capacitor. Ndikofunikira kudzaza kusiyana konse pakati pa koyilo ndi makoma a condenser ndi guluu kuti ma voids a mpweya asapangidwe. Utoto ukakhala wolimba, thupi limachotsedwa.
9. Kukwera kwa sensor kumakhazikitsidwa ndi epoxy resin. Amachitiranso ming'alu ndi voids zomwe zabuka.
10. Thupi limabweretsedwa kukula kofunikira ndi fayilo ndi sandpaper.
11. Sensa yokonzedwanso imayikidwa pamalo ake oyambirira. Kusiyana pakati pa nsonga ndi rotor yamagetsi mothandizidwa ndi gaskets kumayikidwa mkati mwa 0,9-1,1 mm.

Pambuyo kukhazikitsa sensa yokonzedwa, dongosolo la ABS limapezeka pa liwiro losiyana. Nthawi zina, isanayime, ntchito yodzidzimutsa imachitika. Pankhaniyi, kusiyana kwa ntchito ya sensa kumakonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi spacers kapena kugaya pachimake.

Ndikofunikira! Masensa othamanga olakwika sangathe kukonzedwa ndipo ayenera kusinthidwa ndi atsopano.

Video: momwe mungakonzere sensa ya ABS

🔴 Momwe mungakonzere ABS kunyumba, kuwala kwa ABS kuyatsa, Momwe mungayang'anire sensa ya ABS, ABS sikugwira ntchito🔧

Kukonza mawaya

Mawaya owonongeka amatha kusinthidwa. Za ichi:

1. Lumikizani pulagi yamawaya kugawo lowongolera.
2. Jambulani kapena jambulani masanjidwe a mabatani a mawaya okhala ndi miyeso ya mtunda.
3. Tsegulani bawuti yokwera ndikuchotsa sensoryo ndi waya, mutachotsa mabatani okwera pamenepo.
4. Dulani gawo lowonongeka la waya, poganizira kutalika kwa m'mphepete mwa soldering.
5. Chotsani zotchingira zoteteza ndi zoyambira pa chingwe chodulidwa.
6. Zophimba ndi zomangira zimayikidwa pa waya wosankhidwa kale molingana ndi mainchesi akunja ndi gawo la mtanda ndi yankho la sopo.
7. Solder sensor ndi cholumikizira kumapeto kwa harni yatsopano.
8. Patulani nsonga za soldering. Kulondola kwa zizindikiro zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi sensa ndi moyo wautumiki wa gawo lokonzedwanso la mawaya zimadalira mtundu wa kusungunula.
9. Sensa imayikidwa m'malo, wiring imayikidwa ndikukhazikika molingana ndi chithunzicho.
10. Yang'anani machitidwe a dongosolo mumayendedwe osiyanasiyana othamanga.

Malo otsekemera ayenera kukhala otsekedwa ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kuti awonjezere kulondola kwa zizindikiro zomwe zimafalitsidwa

Chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito pamsewu chimadalira mphamvu ya anti-lock braking system. Ngati n'koyenera, matenda ndi kukonza masensa ABS akhoza kuchitidwa paokha, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito utumiki galimoto.

Zokambirana zatsekedwa patsambali