Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito multimeter?

Magetsi ndi zamagetsi ndi sayansi yomangidwa pa kuyeza kolondola kwa magawo onse ozungulira, kufunafuna ubale pakati pawo ndi kuchuluka kwa chikoka pa wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera padziko lonse lapansi - ma multimeter. Amaphatikiza zida zosavuta zapadera: ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter ndi ena. Ndi mayina achidule, nthawi zina amatchedwa avometers, ngakhale kuti mawu oti "tester" amapezeka kwambiri kumadzulo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito multimeter ndipo ndi chiyani?

Zamkatimu

• 1 Cholinga ndi ntchito
• 2 Multimeter chipangizo
• 3 Kuyeza kwa magawo amagetsi
  • 3.1 Kutsimikiza kwamphamvu kwakali
  • 3.2 Kuyeza kwa magetsi
  • 3.3 Momwe mungayesere kukana ndi multimeter
• 4 Kuyang'ana zinthu zamabwalo amagetsi
  • 4.1 Kumvetsetsa ma Diode ndi ma LED
  • 4.2 Kuwona bipolar transistor
  • 4.3 Momwe mungayesere transistor yam'munda ndi tester
  • 4.4 Momwe mungayesere capacitor ndi multimeter
• 5 Kupitilira kwa waya
• 6 Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito multimeter m'galimoto

Cholinga ndi ntchito

Multimeter idapangidwa kuti iyese magawo atatu akulu amagetsi: voteji, pano komanso kukana. Pazigawo zoyambira izi, mitundu yowonera kukhulupirika kwa kokondakita komanso thanzi la zida za semiconductor nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa. Zipangizo zovuta komanso zokwera mtengo zimatha kudziwa mphamvu ya capacitors, inductance ya coils, mafupipafupi a chizindikiro, komanso kutentha kwa gawo lamagetsi pansi pa phunziro. Malinga ndi mfundo ya ntchito, multimeters amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1. Analogi - mtundu wachikale kutengera magnetoelectric ammeter, kuwonjezeredwa ndi resistors ndi shunts kuyeza voteji ndi kukana. Ma analogi oyesa ndi otsika mtengo, koma amakonda kukhala osalondola chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kulowetsamo. Zoyipa zina za dongosolo la analoji zimaphatikizapo kukhudzidwa kwa polarity ndi sikelo yosagwirizana.
   

   Mawonedwe amtundu wa chipangizo cha analogi

2. Digital - zida zolondola komanso zamakono. Mu zitsanzo zapakhomo za gawo lamtengo wapakati, cholakwika chovomerezeka sichidutsa 1%, kwa zitsanzo zamaluso - kupatuka komwe kungatheke kumakhala mkati mwa 0,1%. "Mtima" wa multimeter ya digito ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chokhala ndi logic chips, counter counter, decoder ndi dalaivala yowonetsera. Zambiri zimawonetsedwa pazenera lamadzi la crystal volatile.

Cholakwika cha oyesa digito apanyumba sichidutsa 1%

Kutengera cholinga ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma multimeter amatha kupangidwa mwanjira zosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito magwero osiyanasiyana apano. Zofala kwambiri ndi:

1. Ma multimeter onyamula okhala ndi ma probe ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso pantchito zamaluso. Amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe lili ndi mabatire kapena cholimbikitsira, pomwe ma conductor osinthika-ma probe amalumikizidwa. Kuti muyese chizindikiro china chamagetsi, ma probe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi gawo lamagetsi kapena gawo la dera, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawerengedwa kuchokera ku chiwonetsero cha chipangizocho.
   

   Ma multimeter osunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale: zamagetsi, automation komanso panthawi yotumiza

2. Clamp mita - pazida zotere, zolumikizira za ma probe zimalumikizidwa pansagwada zodzaza masika. Wogwiritsa ntchito amawagawanitsa mwa kukanikiza kiyi yapadera, ndiyeno amawalowetsa m'malo pagawo la unyolo lomwe likufunika kuyezedwa. Nthawi zambiri, ma clamp metres amalola kulumikizana kwa ma probe osinthika akale.
   

   Ma clamp mita amakulolani kuyeza mphamvu yamagetsi popanda kuphwanya dera

3. Ma multimeter okhazikika amayendetsedwa ndi gwero losinthira lanyumba, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kulondola kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito ambiri, amatha kugwira ntchito ndi zida zovuta zama radio-electronic. Gawo lalikulu lakugwiritsa ntchito ndikuyezera pakukula, kupanga ma prototyping, kukonza ndi kukonza zida zamagetsi.
   

   Ma multimeter okhazikika kapena benchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'ma labotale amagetsi

4. Oscilloscopes-multimeters kapena scopmeters - kuphatikiza zida ziwiri zoyezera nthawi imodzi. Atha kukhala osunthika komanso osasunthika. Mtengo wa zida zotere ndi wokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chida chaukadaulo chaukadaulo.
   

   Ma Scopmeters ndi zida zaukadaulo kwambiri ndipo zidapangidwa kuti zithetse mavuto pamagalimoto amagetsi amagetsi, mizere yamagetsi ndi ma transfoma.

Monga mukuonera, ntchito za multimeter zimatha kusiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera mtundu, mawonekedwe, ndi mtengo wa chipangizocho. Chifukwa chake, multimeter yogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba iyenera kupereka:

• Kuzindikira kukhulupirika kwa kondakitala;
• Sakani "zero" ndi "gawo" pamagetsi apanyumba;
• Kuyeza kwa magetsi osinthika pamagetsi apanyumba;
• Kuyeza kwamagetsi amagetsi otsika kwambiri a DC (mabatire, ma accumulators);
• Kutsimikiza kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za thanzi la zipangizo zamagetsi - mphamvu zamakono, kukana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma multimeter kunyumba nthawi zambiri kumatsikira pakuyesa mawaya, kuyang'ana thanzi la nyali za incandescent, ndikuzindikira mphamvu yotsalira mu mabatire.

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ma multimeters amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mawaya, kuyang'ana mabatire ndi mabwalo amagetsi.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofunikira za zitsanzo za akatswiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Amatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha pazochitika zinazake. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za oyesa apamwamba, ndizoyenera kudziwa:

• Kuthekera kwa kuyezetsa kwathunthu kwa ma diode, ma transistors ndi zida zina za semiconductor;
• Kutsimikiza kwa capacitance ndi kukana kwamkati kwa capacitors;
• Kuzindikira mphamvu ya mabatire;
• Kuyeza kwa mawonekedwe apadera - inductance, pafupipafupi chizindikiro, kutentha;
• Kutha kugwira ntchito ndi magetsi apamwamba komanso apano;
• Kulondola kwakukulu kwa kuyeza;
• Kudalirika ndi kulimba kwa chipangizocho.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti multimeter ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chovuta kwambiri, chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa mwaluso komanso mosamala.

Multimeter chipangizo

Ma multimeter ambiri amakono ali ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane omwe amafotokoza mndandanda wazinthu zogwirira ntchito ndi chipangizocho. Ngati muli ndi chikalata chotere - musachinyalanyaze, dziwani zamitundu yonse yachitsanzo cha chipangizocho. Tidzakambirana mbali zazikulu za kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter iliyonse.

Kusintha kwanthawi zonse kumaphatikizapo: kukana, kuyeza kwapano ndi magetsi, komanso kuyesa kwamagetsi

Kusankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito, chosinthira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizidwa ndi chosinthira ("Off"). Pazida zam'nyumba, zimakulolani kuti muyike malire opitilira muyeso awa:

• DC mphamvu: 0,2V; 2 V; 20 V; 200 V; 1000 V;
• Mphamvu ya AC: 0,2V; 2 V; 20 V; 200 V; 750 V;
• DC panopa: 200A; 2 mA; 20 mA; 200 mA; 2 A (posankha); 10 A (malo osiyana);
• Kusintha kwamakono (mawonekedwe awa sapezeka mu multimeters onse): 200 μA; 2 mA; 20 mA; 200 mA;
• Kukana: 20 ohm; 200 ohm; 2 kmm; 20 km; 200 kOhm; 2 MΩ; 20 kapena 200 MΩ (posankha).

Kupereka kosiyana kumayesa kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a diode ndikuzindikira kukhulupirika kwa conductor. Kuphatikiza apo, socket yoyeserera ya transistor ili kumbali ya chosinthira cholimba.

Kusintha kwanthawi zonse kwa multimeter ya bajeti 

Kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo kumayamba ndikuyika chosinthira pamalo omwe mukufuna. Ndiye ma probe amalumikizidwa. Pali malo awiri odziwika bwino a cholembera: ofukula ndi opingasa.

Cholumikizira cholembedwa ndi chizindikiro cha pansi ndi cholembedwa COM ndi cholakwika kapena chokhazikika - waya wakuda amalumikizidwa kwa icho; cholumikizira, chotchedwa VΩmA, chapangidwa kuti chizitha kuyeza kukana, magetsi, ndi apano, osapitilira 500 mA; cholumikizira cholembedwa kuti 10 A chapangidwa kuti chizitha kuyeza zomwe zikuchitika kuyambira 500 mA mpaka mtengo womwe watchulidwa.

Ndi dongosolo loyima, monga momwe zili pamwambapa, ma probe amalumikizidwa motere:

• Mu cholumikizira chapamwamba - kafukufuku "wabwino" munjira yoyezera mphamvu zamakono (mpaka 10 A);
• Pakati cholumikizira - kafukufuku "zabwino" mumitundu ina yonse;
• M'munsi cholumikizira - "negative" kafukufuku.

Pankhaniyi, mphamvu yamakono mukamagwiritsa ntchito socket yachiwiri sayenera kupitirira 200 mA

Ngati zolumikizira zili mopingasa, tsatirani mosamala zizindikiro zomwe zasindikizidwa pamilandu ya multimeter. Ku chipangizo chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi, ma probe amalumikizidwa motere:

• Mu cholumikizira chakumanzere - kafukufuku "wabwino" mumayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri (mpaka 10 A);
• Mu cholumikizira chachiwiri kumanzere - kafukufuku "wabwino" muyeso yoyezera (mpaka 1 A);
• Cholumikizira chachitatu kumanzere ndi kafukufuku "wabwino" mumitundu ina yonse;
• Mu cholumikizira kumanja kwakutali pali kafukufuku "woyipa".

Chinthu chachikulu apa ndikuphunzira momwe mungawerengere zizindikiro ndikuzitsatira. Kumbukirani kuti ngati polarity sinawonedwe kapena njira yoyezera imasankhidwa molakwika, simungapeze zotsatira zolakwika, komanso kuwononga magetsi oyesa.

Kuyeza kwa magawo amagetsi

Pali algorithm yosiyana pamtundu uliwonse wa muyeso. Ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tester, ndiko kuti, kumvetsetsa momwe mungakhazikitsire chosinthira, ndizitsulo ziti zolumikizira ma probes, momwe mungayatse chipangizocho mumayendedwe amagetsi.

Chithunzi cholumikizira cha tester choyezera chapano, magetsi ndi kukana

Kutsimikiza kwamphamvu kwakali

Mtengo sungayesedwe pa gwero, chifukwa ndi mawonekedwe a gawo la dera kapena wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Chifukwa chake, ma multimeter amalumikizidwa mndandanda wazozungulira. Mwachidule, chipangizo choyezera chimalowa m'malo mwa kondakitala mu makina otsekedwa ndi ogula.

Poyezera zamakono, multimeter iyenera kulumikizidwa mumndandanda wozungulira

Kuchokera ku lamulo la Ohm, timakumbukira kuti mphamvu zomwe zilipo zingapezeke mwa kugawa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kukana kwa ogula. Choncho, ngati pazifukwa zina simungathe kuyeza parameter imodzi, ndiye kuti ikhoza kuwerengedwa mosavuta podziwa zina ziwiri.

Kuyeza kwa magetsi

Voltage imayesedwa pa gwero lapano kapena pa ogula. Pachiyambi choyamba, ndikwanira kulumikiza kafukufuku wabwino wa multimeter ku "plus" ya mphamvu ("gawo"), ndi kufufuza kolakwika kwa "minus" ("zero"). Multimeter idzatenga udindo wa ogula ndikuwonetsa magetsi enieni.

Kuti tisasokoneze polarity, timagwirizanitsa kafukufuku wakuda ndi jack COM ndi minuses ya gwero, ndi kafukufuku wofiira kwa VΩmA cholumikizira ndi kuphatikiza.

Muzochitika zachiwiri, dera silinatsegulidwe, ndipo chipangizocho chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ogula mofanana. Kwa ma multimeter a analogi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana polarity, digito ngati cholakwika chimangowonetsa voteji yoyipa (mwachitsanzo, -1,5 V). Ndipo, ndithudi, musaiwale kuti voteji ndi mankhwala a kukana ndi panopa.

Momwe mungayesere kukana ndi multimeter

Kukaniza kwa kondakitala, sinki kapena gawo lamagetsi kumayesedwa ndi kuzimitsa kwamagetsi. Apo ayi, pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa chipangizocho, ndipo zotsatira za muyeso zidzakhala zolakwika.

Ngati mtengo wa kukana kuyeza umadziwika, ndiye kuti malire amasankhidwa kukhala okulirapo kuposa mtengo, koma moyandikira momwe angathere.

Kuti mudziwe mtengo wa parameter, ingolumikizani ma probes kuzinthu zosiyana za chinthucho - polarity zilibe kanthu. Samalani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyeso - ohms, kiloohms, megaohms amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati muyika chosinthira kukhala "2 MΩ" ndikuyesa kuyeza 10-ohm resistor, "0" iwonetsedwa pamlingo wa multimeter. Timakukumbutsani kuti kukana kungapezeke mwa kugawa magetsi ndi magetsi.

Kuyang'ana zinthu zamabwalo amagetsi

Chida chilichonse chamagetsi chochulukirapo kapena chocheperako chimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pa bolodi losindikizidwa. Zowonongeka zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zigawozi, mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa resistors, "kuwonongeka" kwa ma semiconductor junctions, kuyanika kwa electrolyte mu capacitors. Pankhaniyi, kukonzanso kumachepetsedwa kuti mupeze cholakwika ndikusintha gawolo. Apa ndipamene multimeter imabwera bwino.

Kumvetsetsa ma Diode ndi ma LED

Ma diode ndi ma LED ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosavuta kwambiri pawayilesi kutengera gawo la semiconductor. Kusiyana kothandiza pakati pawo ndi chifukwa chakuti kristalo ya semiconductor ya LED imatha kutulutsa kuwala. Thupi la LED ndi lowoneka bwino kapena lowoneka bwino, lopangidwa ndi gulu lopanda utoto kapena lamitundu. Ma diode wamba amatsekeredwa muzitsulo, pulasitiki kapena magalasi, nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto wowoneka bwino.

Zida za semiconductor zimaphatikizapo varicaps, diode, zener diode, thyristors, transistors, thermistors ndi masensa a Hall.

Chikhalidwe cha diode iliyonse ndikutha kudutsa njira imodzi yokha. Electrode yabwino ya gawolo imatchedwa anode, yoyipa imatchedwa cathode. Kuzindikira polarity ya LED imatsogolera ndikosavuta - mwendo wa anode ndi wautali, ndipo mkati mwake ndi wamkulu kuposa wa cathode. Polarity ya diode wamba iyenera kufufuzidwa pa intaneti. Muzithunzi zozungulira, anode ikuwonetsedwa ndi makona atatu, cathode ndi mzere.

Chithunzi cha diode pazithunzi zozungulira

Kuti muwone diode kapena LED yokhala ndi multimeter, ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa "kupitilira" mode, kulumikiza anode ya chinthucho ndi kafukufuku wabwino wa chipangizocho, ndi cathode kupita ku cholakwika. Pakalipano idzadutsa mu diode, yomwe idzawonetsedwa pawonetsero ya multimeter. Ndiye muyenera kusintha polarity ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pano sikuyenda mosiyana, ndiko kuti, diode si "yosweka".

Kuwona bipolar transistor

Bipolar transistor nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ngati ma diode awiri olumikizana. Ili ndi zotuluka zitatu: emitter (E), wosonkhanitsa (K) ndi maziko (B). Kutengera mtundu wa conduction pakati pawo, pali ma transistors okhala ndi "pnp" ndi "npn" kapangidwe. Inde, muyenera kuwafufuza m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Chithunzi cha emitter, madera oyambira ndi otolera pa bipolar transistors

Njira yowonera transistor yokhala ndi npn:

1. Kufufuza kwabwino kwa multimeter kumalumikizidwa kumunsi kwa transistor, chosinthira chimayikidwa ku "ringing" mode.
2. The kafukufuku zoipa amakhudza emitter ndi wokhometsa mndandanda - muzochitika zonsezi, chipangizo ayenera kuzindikira ndimeyi panopa.
3. Kufufuza kwabwino kumalumikizidwa ndi wosonkhanitsa, ndi kafukufuku woyipa kwa emitter. Ngati transistor ndi yabwino, chiwonetsero cha multimeter chidzakhala chimodzi, ngati sichoncho, chiwerengerocho chidzasintha ndipo / kapena beep idzamveka.

Ma transistors okhala ndi pnp amawunikidwa mofananamo:

1. Kufufuza koyipa kwa multimeter kumalumikizidwa kumunsi kwa transistor, chosinthira chimayikidwa ku "ringing" mode.
2. Kafukufuku wabwino amakhudza emitter ndi wokhometsa mndandanda - muzochitika zonsezi, chipangizocho chiyenera kulemba ndimeyi yamakono.
3. Kufufuza kolakwika kumalumikizidwa ndi wosonkhanitsa, ndi kafukufuku wabwino kwa emitter. Yesetsani kusakhalapo kwa magetsi muderali.

Ntchitoyi idzakhala yophweka kwambiri ngati multimeter ili ndi kafukufuku wa transistors. Zowona, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ma transistors amphamvu sangathe kufufuzidwa mu kafukufuku - zomaliza zawo sizingafanane ndi sockets.

Kuti muyese ma transistors a bipolar pa ma multimeter, kafukufuku amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri

Kafukufukuyu amagawidwa m'magawo awiri, omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ma transistors amtundu wina. Ikani transistor mu gawo lomwe mukufuna, kuyang'ana polarity (m'munsi - mu socket "B", emitter - "E", wokhometsa - "C"). Khazikitsani chosinthira kukhala hFE - kupeza muyeso. Ngati chiwonetserocho chikhala chimodzi, transistor ndi yolakwika. Ngati chiwerengerocho chikusintha, gawolo ndi lachilendo, ndipo phindu lake limagwirizana ndi mtengo wotchulidwa.

Momwe mungayesere transistor yam'munda ndi tester

Ma transistors ochita kumunda ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa ma transistors a bipolar, chifukwa mkati mwake chizindikirocho chimayendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Ma transistors oterowo amagawidwa kukhala n-channel ndi p-channel, ndipo malingaliro awo adalandira mayina awa:

• Ndende (Z) - zipata (G);
• Kum’mawa (I) – gwero (S);
• Kukhetsa (C) - kukhetsa (D).

Simudzatha kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wopangidwa mu multimeter kuyesa transistor yamunda. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito njira yovuta kwambiri.

Chitsanzo choyang'ana kulumikizana kwa transistor yogwira ntchito ndi tester

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi n-channel transistor. Choyamba, amachotsamo magetsi osasunthika pogwira ma terminals ndi chopinga chokhazikika. Kenako multimeter imayikidwa ku "ringing" mode ndipo zotsatirazi zimachitika:

1. Lumikizani kafukufuku wabwino ku gwero, kafukufuku wolakwika kukhetsa. Kwa ma transistors ambiri ogwira ntchito m'munda, voteji pamagawo awa ndi 0,5-0,7 V.
2. Lumikizani probe yabwino pachipata, kafukufuku woyipa kukhetsa. Wina ayenera kukhala pachiwonetsero.
3. Bwerezani masitepe omwe asonyezedwa mu ndime 1. Muyenera kukonza kusintha kwa magetsi (ndizotheka kutsika ndi kuwonjezeka).
4. Lumikizani kafukufuku wabwino ku gwero, kufufuza kolakwika ku chipata. Wina ayenera kukhala pachiwonetsero.
5. Bwerezani masitepe mu ndime 1. Mpweya uyenera kubwerera ku mtengo wake woyambirira (0,5-0,7 V).

Kupatuka kulikonse pamikhalidwe yokhazikika kukuwonetsa kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa transistor yamunda. Magawo okhala ndi kusintha kwa p-channel amawunikidwa motsatizana, kusintha polarity kukhala yosiyana mu sitepe iliyonse.

Momwe mungayesere capacitor ndi multimeter

Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi capacitor iti yomwe mungayesere - polar kapena non-polar. Ma electrolytic onse ndi ena olimba-state capacitor ndi polar, ndipo sanali polar, monga lamulo, filimu kapena ceramic, amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa (nano- ndi picofarads).

Capacitor - chipangizo chokhala ndi ma terminal awiri omwe ali ndi mtengo wokhazikika kapena wosinthika wa capacitance ndi otsika ma conductivity, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziunjike mlandu wamunda wamagetsi.

Ngati capacitor yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale (mwachitsanzo, kugulitsidwa kuchokera ku chipangizo chamagetsi), ndiye kuti iyenera kutulutsidwa. Osalumikiza kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi waya kapena screwdriver - izi zitha kuchititsa kuti gawolo lisweka, ndipo poyipa kwambiri - kugwedezeka kwamagetsi. Gwiritsani ntchito nyali ya incandescent kapena chopinga champhamvu.

Kuyesa kwa capacitor kungagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri - kuyesa kwenikweni kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kuyeza kwa capacitance. Ma multimeter aliwonse adzatha kuthana ndi ntchito yoyamba, ndi akatswiri okha komanso "otsogola" apanyumba omwe angathane ndi chachiwiri.

Kukula kwa mtengo wa capacitor, pang'onopang'ono mtengo pawonetsero umasintha.

Kuti muwone thanzi la gawolo, ikani chosinthira cha multimeter ku "ringing" mode ndikulumikiza ma probe ndi ma capacitor contacts (kuwonera polarity ngati kuli kofunikira). Mudzawona nambala pachiwonetsero, yomwe idzayamba kukula nthawi yomweyo - iyi ndi batire ya multimeter yomwe ikuyitanitsa capacitor.

Kuti muwone mphamvu ya capacitor, kafukufuku wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Sikovutanso kuyeza capacitance ndi "advanced" multimeter. Yang'anani mosamala cholozera cha capacitor ndikupeza mawonekedwe ake mu micro-, nano-, kapena picofarad. Ngati m'malo mwa mayunitsi a mphamvu akugwiritsidwa ntchito code ya manambala atatu (mwachitsanzo, 222, 103, 154), gwiritsani ntchito tebulo lapadera kuti mumvetsetse. Pambuyo pozindikira mphamvu yadzina, ikani chosinthira pamalo oyenera ndikuyika capacitor mumipata pamilandu yama multimeter. Chongani ngati mphamvu yeniyeni ikufanana ndi mphamvu mwadzina.

Kupitilira kwa waya

Ngakhale ma multitasking ambiri a multimeters, ntchito yawo yaikulu yapakhomo ndi kupitiriza kwa mawaya, ndiko kuti, kutsimikiza kwa kukhulupirika kwawo. Zingawoneke kuti zingakhale zophweka - ndinagwirizanitsa mbali ziwiri za chingwe ndi zofufuza mu "tweeter" mode, ndipo ndizomwezo. Koma njirayi idzangosonyeza kukhalapo kwa kukhudzana, koma osati mkhalidwe wa woyendetsa. Ngati pali misozi mkati, yomwe imayambitsa kuyaka ndi kuyaka pansi pa katundu, ndiye kuti chinthu cha piezo cha multimeter chidzamvekabe. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ohmmeter yomangidwa.

Chizindikiro chomveka, chomwe chimatchedwa "buzzer", chimafulumizitsa kuyimba

Khazikitsani chosinthira cha ma multimeter ku malo a "ohm" ndikulumikiza ma probe kumalekezero ena a conductor. Kukaniza kwabwino kwa waya womata mamita angapo kutalika ndi 2-5 ohms. Kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kwa 10-20 ohms kudzawonetsa kuvala pang'ono kwa kondakitala, ndipo mfundo za 20-100 ohms zimasonyeza kuphulika kwakukulu kwa waya.

Nthawi zina poyang'ana waya woyikidwa pakhoma, kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter kumakhala kovuta. Zikatero, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito oyesa osalumikizana, koma mtengo wa zidazi ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito multimeter m'galimoto

Zida zamagetsi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zomwe zili pachiopsezo cha galimoto, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito, kufufuza nthawi yake ndi kukonza. Chifukwa chake, multimeter iyenera kukhala gawo lofunikira la zida - zimathandizira kuzindikira vutolo, kudziwa zomwe zidachitika komanso njira zokonzekera.

Multimeter ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chowunikira magetsi agalimoto

Kwa oyendetsa odziwa bwino, ma multimeter apadera amagalimoto amapangidwa, koma nthawi zambiri chitsanzo chapakhomo chimakhala chokwanira. Zina mwa ntchito zazikulu zomwe ayenera kuzithetsa:

• Kuyang'anira voteji pa batire, yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri pakapita nthawi yayitali yagalimoto kapena ngati palibe ntchito yolakwika ya jenereta;
• Kutsimikiza kwa kutayikira pano, fufuzani mabwalo amfupi;
• Kuwona kukhulupirika kwa ma windings a coil poyatsira, choyambira, jenereta;
• Kuyang'ana mlatho wa diode wa jenereta, zigawo za dongosolo lamagetsi loyatsira;
• Kuyang'anira thanzi la masensa ndi ma probes;
• Kuzindikira kukhulupirika kwa fuse;
• Kuyang'ana nyali za incandescent, kusintha masiwichi ndi mabatani.

Vuto lomwe oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amakumana nalo ndi kutulutsa kwa batire ya multimeter pa nthawi yosayenera kwambiri. Kuti mupewe izi, ingozimitsani chipangizocho mukangogwiritsa ntchito ndikunyamula batire yopuma.

Multimeter ndi chipangizo chosavuta komanso chosunthika, chofunikira pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso pantchito zaukadaulo za anthu. Ngakhale mulingo woyambira wa chidziwitso ndi luso, zitha kupeputsa kwambiri matenda ndi kukonza zida zamagetsi. M'manja mwaluso, woyesayo adzakuthandizani kuthetsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri - kuchokera ku control frequency control mpaka kuyezetsa dera lophatikizika.

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