Momwe mungadziwire pampu yamafuta. Diagnostics wa mpope mafuta m'galimoto
Pampu yamafuta, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, idapangidwa kuti izipopera mafuta mumayendedwe amagetsi a injini. Kuti majekeseni azitha kulowetsa mafuta okwanira muzitsulo za injini yoyaka mkati, kupanikizika kwina kuyenera kusungidwa mu dongosolo la mafuta. Izi ndi zomwe pampu yamafuta imachita. Ngati pampu yamafuta iyamba kugwira ntchito, izi zimakhudza nthawi yomweyo ntchito ya injini yoyaka moto. Nthawi zambiri, kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto a pampu yamafuta ndikotsika mtengo kuti oyendetsa galimoto azichita okha.
M'masiku akale, mapampu a petulo nthawi zambiri anali makina, koma zida zotere zakhala mbiri yakale, ngakhale zitha kupezeka pamagalimoto akale okhala ndi carburetor ICE. Magalimoto onse amakono ali ndi pampu yamagetsi. Imatsegulidwa pamene relay yofananira yatsegulidwa. Ndipo relay imatsegulidwa pamene kuyatsa kwayatsidwa. Ndi bwino kudikirira masekondi angapo ndi cranking yoyambira, panthawi yomwe pampu idzapanga mphamvu zokwanira mu dongosolo la mafuta kuti injini yoyaka moto iyambe. Injini ikazimitsidwa, relay yomwe imayambira pampu yamafuta imachotsedwa mphamvu, ndipo kupopera mafuta m'dongosolo kumayima.
Monga lamulo, pampu ya mafuta imakhala mkati mwa thanki yamafuta (chipangizo chamtundu wa submersible). Kukonzekera kumeneku kumathetsa vuto la kuziziritsa ndi kudzoza pampu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chotsuka ndi mafuta. Pamalo omwewo, mu thanki ya gasi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala sensa yamafuta yokhala ndi zoyandama komanso valavu yodutsa yomwe ili ndi kasupe wowerengeka omwe amawongolera kuthamanga kwadongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, polowera pampope pali mauna osefera omwe salola kuti zinyalala zazikulu zidutse. Pamodzi, zida zonsezi zimapanga gawo limodzi lamafuta.
Gawo lamagetsi la pampu ndi injini yoyatsira yamkati yamagetsi yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi netiweki yomwe ili ndi voteji ya 12 V.
Mapampu amafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mtundu wa centrifugal (turbine). Mwa iwo, choyikapo (turbine) chimayikidwa pa olamulira a injini yoyaka mkati yamagetsi, masamba omwe amalowetsa mafuta mu dongosolo.
Zochepa kwambiri ndi mapampu omwe ali ndi gawo la makina a gear ndi mtundu wa roller. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi zida zamtundu wakutali zomwe zimayikidwa pakupuma mu mzere wamafuta.
Munthawi yoyamba, magiya awiri ali pa olamulira a injini yoyaka mkati mwamagetsi, imodzi mkati mwa inzake. Wamkati amazungulira pa eccentric rotor, chifukwa chake madera omwe ali ndi rarefaction komanso kupanikizika kowonjezereka amapangika m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, mafuta amapopedwa.
Chachiwiri, m'malo mwa magiya, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa supercharger kumapanga rotor yokhala ndi zodzigudubuza zomwe zili mozungulira.
Popeza mapampu amagetsi ndi ma rotary roller amayikidwa kunja kwa thanki yamafuta, kutentha kwambiri kumakhala vuto lawo lalikulu. Ndicho chifukwa chake zipangizo zoterezi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto.
Pampu yamafuta ndi chipangizo chodalirika kwambiri. Pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, amakhala pafupifupi makilomita 200 zikwi. Koma zinthu zina zimatha kukhudza kwambiri moyo wake.
Mdani wamkulu wa pampu yamafuta ndi dothi mu dongosolo. Chifukwa chake, pampu iyenera kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri. Kuchulukirachulukira pakumapeto kwa injini yamagetsi kumathandizira kutenthedwa kwake ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwa waya. Mchenga, zosefera zachitsulo ndi ma depositi ena pamasamba amawononga chopondera ndipo chingayambitse kupanikizana.
Nthawi zambiri tinthu takunja timalowa mumafuta amafuta pamodzi ndi mafuta, omwe nthawi zambiri sakhala oyera pamagawo odzaza. Kuyeretsa mafuta m'galimoto, pali zosefera zapadera - zosefera zomwe zatchulidwa kale ndi fyuluta yabwino yamafuta.
Fyuluta yamafuta ndi chinthu chodyedwa chomwe chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Ikapanda kusinthidwa munthawi yake, pampu yamafuta imang'ambika, movutikira kupopa mafuta kudzera pagawo lotsekeka.
Mauna omangika nawonso amakhala otsekeka, koma mosiyana ndi fyuluta, amatha kutsukidwa ndikugwiritsiridwa ntchitonso.
Zimachitika kuti dothi limadziunjikira pansi pa thanki yamafuta, zomwe zingayambitse kutsekeka mwachangu kwa zosefera. Pankhaniyi, tanki iyenera kutsukidwa.
Imafupikitsa moyo wa pampu yamafuta ndi chizolowezi cha madalaivala ena kuyendetsa pa zotsalira zamafuta mpaka kuwala kochenjeza kubwere. Zowonadi, pankhaniyi, mpope ili kunja kwa mafuta ndipo imachotsedwa kuziziritsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, pampu yamafuta imatha kugwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha zovuta zamagetsi - mawaya owonongeka, oxidized kulumikizana mu cholumikizira, fuse yowombedwa, kulephera koyambira koyambira.
Zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pampu yamafuta isagwire bwino ntchito ndikuphatikiza kuyika kolakwika ndi kusinthika kwa thanki, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakukhudzidwa, chifukwa chomwe gawo lamafuta ndi pampu yomwe ili mkati mwake imatha kukhala yolakwika.
Ngati pampu ili yolakwika, izi zidzakhudza makamaka kukakamizidwa kwa mafuta opangira mafuta ku injini yoyaka mkati. Pakuthamanga kwapansi, kusakaniza koyenera kwa mpweya wa mafuta osakaniza m'zipinda zoyaka moto sikudzatsimikiziridwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala mavuto pakugwira ntchito kwa injini yoyaka mkati.
Mawonetseredwe akunja angakhale osiyana.
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Phokoso la injini yoyaka mkati likhoza kukhala losiyana pang'ono ndi nthawi zonse, makamaka panthawi yotentha. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chofanana ndi chiyambi cha matenda a mpope mafuta.
Kutha kodziwikiratu kwa mphamvu. Poyamba, zimakhudza makamaka pa liwiro lapamwamba komanso poyendetsa kukwera. Koma momwe mpope umakulirakulira, kugwedezeka ndi kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kumatha kuchitikanso mwanjira yabwinobwino pamagawo athyathyathya amsewu.
Kuyenda, kutembenuka koyandama ndizizindikiro za kukulira kwa zinthu.
Phokoso lowonjezereka kapena kung'ung'udza kochokera m'thanki yamafuta kukuwonetsa kufunika kochitapo kanthu mwachangu. Mwina mpope womwewo uli pamiyendo yake yomaliza, kapena sungathe kunyamula katundu chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa mu dongosolo. Ndizotheka kuti kuyeretsa kosavuta kwa sefa yowoneka bwino kumapulumutsa pampu yamafuta ku imfa. Sefa yamafuta yomwe imayeretsa bwino imatha kuyambitsa vuto ngati ili ndi vuto kapena sinasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mavuto oyambira. Zinthu ndizoyipa kwambiri, ngakhale injini yoyaka moto ikayamba movutikira. kufunika kwa cranking yaitali ya sitata zikutanthauza kuti mpope sangathe kulenga mphamvu zokwanira dongosolo kuyambitsa injini kuyaka mkati.
ICE imasungirako mukasindikiza pedal ya gasi. Monga akunena, "anafika" ...
Kusamveka kwanthawi zonse kuchokera ku tanki ya gasi kukuwonetsa kuti pampu yamafuta sikugwira ntchito. Musanayambe kutha pampu, muyenera kudziwa zoyambira, fuse, kukhulupirika kwa waya ndi mtundu wa zolumikizira mu cholumikizira.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zina mwazizindikirozi sizingangowonetsa pampu yamafuta okha, komanso mbali zina zingapo - sensor yothamanga kwambiri ya mpweya, sensa ya throttle position, damper actuator, chowongolera liwiro lopanda ntchito, mpweya wotsekeka. fyuluta, ma valve osasinthika.
Ngati pali kukayikira za thanzi la mpope, ndi bwino kuchita diagnostics zina, makamaka kuyeza kupanikizika mu dongosolo.
Pazosintha zilizonse zokhudzana ndi makina operekera mafuta, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuopsa kwa kuyatsa kwa petulo, komwe kumatha kutayika pochotsa mizere yamafuta, m'malo mwa fyuluta yamafuta, kulumikiza chowunikira, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuthamanga kumayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera kuthamanga kwamafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mungafunike adapter kapena tee kuti mulumikizane. Zimachitika kuti amabwera ndi chipangizocho, apo ayi muyenera kugula padera. Mungagwiritse ntchito mpweya (tayala) woyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya, koma chipangizo choterocho chimapangidwira kupanikizika kwambiri, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa sikelo kumapereka cholakwika chachikulu.
Choyamba, muyenera kuthetsa mavuto mu dongosolo. Kuti muchite izi, chepetsani mphamvu pampopi yamafuta pochotsa cholumikizira chomwe chimayambira kapena fusesi yofananira. Kumene ma relay ndi fuse zilipo angapezeke mu zolembedwa utumiki wa galimoto. ndiye muyenera kuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati ndi pampu yopanda mphamvu. Popeza sipadzakhala kupopera mafuta, injini yoyaka mkati imayima pakatha masekondi angapo, itatopa mafuta otsala munjira.
Kenako, muyenera kupeza kuyenerera wapadera pa njanji mafuta ndi kulumikiza n'zotsimikizira kuthamanga. Ngati palibe malo panjira yolumikizira choyezera kuthamanga, chipangizocho chitha kulumikizidwa kudzera pa tee kupita kumalo olowera gawo lamafuta.
Bwezeretsani relay yoyambira (fuse) ndikuyambitsa injini.
Kwa injini zoyatsira mkati za petulo, kuthamanga koyambira kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 3 ... 3,7 bar (mlengalenga), osagwira ntchito - pafupifupi 2,5 ... 2,8 bar, ndi chitoliro chopopera (kubwerera) - 6 ... 7 bar.
Ngati muyeso wa kuthamanga uli ndi maphunziro apamwamba mu MegaPascals, chiŵerengero cha mayunitsi a muyeso ndi motere: 1 MPa = 10 bar.
Makhalidwe omwe awonetsedwa amawerengedwa ndipo amatha kusiyana kutengera magawo a injini yoyaka mkati.
Kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwamphamvu poyambira kumasonyeza fyuluta yamafuta yomwe yawonongeka kwambiri. Chifukwa china chingakhale chakuti mulibe mafuta okwanira mu thanki, pamene mpope ukhoza kuyamwa mpweya, womwe umadziwika kuti umakhala wovuta.
Kusinthasintha kwa singano yoyezera kuthamanga pa liwiro la injini yoyaka mkati kumawonetsa kugwira ntchito kolakwika kwa chowongolera chamafuta. Kapena mauna omangika amangotsekeka. Mwa njira, nthawi zina, babu yamagetsi yamafuta imatha kukhala ndi gridi yowonjezera, yomwe iyeneranso kupezeka ndikutsukidwa ngati kuli kofunikira.
Zimitsani injini ndikutsata kuwerengera kwa pressure gauge. Kupanikizika kuyenera kutsika kwambiri mpaka pafupifupi 0,7…1,2 bar ndikukhalabe pamlingo uwu kwakanthawi, kenako kumatsika pang'onopang'ono pa 2…4 maola.
Kutsika kofulumira kwa kuwerengera kwa zida mpaka zero injini ikayima kumatha kuwonetsa kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chowongolera chamafuta.
Kuti muyerekeze momwe pampu yamafuta imagwirira ntchito, palibe zida zomwe zimafunikira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulumikiza mzere wobwerera kuchokera panjira, ndipo m'malo mwake mulumikizane ndi payipi ndikuyilozera mu chidebe chosiyana ndi sikelo yoyezera. Pakadutsa mphindi imodzi, mpope wogwira ntchito uyenera kupopa pafupifupi lita imodzi ndi theka yamafuta. Mtengowu ukhoza kusiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wa mpope ndi magawo amafuta. Kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito kumawonetsa zovuta ndi mpope wokha kapena kuipitsidwa kwa mzere wamafuta, majekeseni, fyuluta, mauna, ndi zina.
Kutembenuza kiyi yoyatsira kumapereka ma volts 12 ku relay yomwe imayambira pampu yamafuta. Pakangotha masekondi pang'ono, phokoso la mpope wothamanga limveka bwino kuchokera ku tanka yamafuta, ndikupanga kupanikizika kofunikira mu dongosolo. kupitilira apo, ngati injini yoyaka yamkati sinayambike, imayima, ndipo mutha kumva kudina kwapang'onopang'ono. Ngati izi sizichitika, muyenera kudziwa chomwe chayambitsa vutoli. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba ndi kuyang'ana magetsi.
1. Choyamba, timapeza ndikuyang'ana kukhulupirika kwa fuse yomwe pampu yamafuta imayendetsedwa. akhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi maso kapena ndi ohmmeter. Timalowetsa fusesi yowombedwa ndi imodzi yofananira (yowerengedwa pakalipano). Ngati zonse zidayenda bwino, ndife okondwa kuti tatsika mopepuka. Koma zikuoneka kuti fusesi yatsopanoyonso idzawomba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kagawo kakang'ono m'dera lake. Kuyesera kwinanso kusintha fusesi kulibe phindu mpaka dera lalifupi lichotsedwa.
Mawaya amatha kufupikitsa - onse kumilandu komanso kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mutha kudziwa poyimba ndi ohmmeter.
Kuzungulira kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kukhalanso pakumangirira kwa injini yoyaka mkati mwamagetsi - zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira molimba mtima ndi kamvekedwe ka kuyimba, chifukwa kukana kwa mafunde a injini yoyatsira mkati nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1 ... 2 Ohm. .
Kupitilira mphamvu yololeka kungayambitsidwenso ndi kupindika kwamakina kwa injini yoyatsira mkati yamagetsi. Kuti muzindikire izi, muyenera kuchotsa gawo lamafuta ndikuchotsa pampu yamafuta.
2. Ngati mpope sichiyamba, njira yoyambira ikhoza kukhala yolakwika.
Dinani pang'onopang'ono, mwachitsanzo, ndi chogwirira cha screwdriver. Mwina olumikizana nawo angokhala chete.
Yesani kuchitulutsa ndikuchibwezeretsanso. Izi zitha kugwira ntchito ngati ma terminal ali oxidized.
Imbani koyilo yopatsirana kuti muwonetsetse kuti siyikutsegula.
Pomaliza, mutha kungosinthanso relay ndi yopuma.
Palinso mkhalidwe wina - mpope umayamba, koma suzimitsa chifukwa chakuti olumikizana nawo sanatsegule. Kumamatira nthawi zambiri kumatha kuthetsedwa pogogoda. Ngati izi zikulephera, ndiye kuti relay iyenera kusinthidwa.
3. Ngati fuyusi ndi relay zili bwino, koma mpope sichiyamba, dziwani ngati 12V ikufika ku cholumikizira pa gawo la mafuta.
Lumikizani ma probes a multimeter ku ma terminals olumikizira mumayendedwe oyezera voteji ya DC pamalire a 20 ... 30 V. Ngati palibe multimeter, mutha kulumikiza babu la 12 Volt. Yatsani choyatsira ndikuwona momwe chipangizocho chikuwerengera kapena babu. Ngati palibe voteji, fufuzani kukhulupirika kwa mawaya ndi kupezeka kwa kukhudzana mu cholumikizira palokha.
4. Ngati mphamvu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku cholumikizira chamafuta, koma wodwala wathu sakuwonetsabe zizindikiro za moyo, tiyenera kuzichotsa m'masana ndikupukuta ndi dzanja kuti tiwonetsetse kuti palibe (kapena kukhalapo) kwa makina odzaza makina. .
далее следует диагностировать обмотку омметром. Если она в обрыве, то можно окончательно констатировать смерть бензонасоса и заказывать новый у заслуживающего доверия продавца. Не тратьте зря время на реанимацию. Это бесперспективное дело.
Ngati mphete zokhotakhota, mutha kuzindikira chipangizocho pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuchokera ku batri. Zimagwira ntchito - zibwezereni kumalo ake ndikupita ku cheke chotsatira. Ayi - gulani ndikuyika pampu yatsopano yamafuta.
Ndizotheka kuyambitsa mpope wamafuta kuchotsedwa mu thanki kwakanthawi kochepa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri umakhazikika komanso wothira mafuta.
5. Popeza gawo lamafuta lathetsedwa, ndi nthawi yoti mufufuze ndikutsuka ma mesh akusefera. Gwiritsani ntchito burashi ndi mafuta, koma musapitirire kuti musang'ambe mauna.
6. Dziwani zowongolera zamafuta.
Woyang'anira akhoza kukhala wokayikitsa ngati kukakamiza kwadongosolo kumatsika mwachangu mpaka zero injini ikazimitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, iyenera kutsika pang'onopang'ono kwa maola angapo. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake, kupanikizika mu dongosolo kungakhale kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi nthawi zonse pamene pampu ikugwira ntchito, popeza gawo la mafuta lidzabwerera nthawi zonse ku thanki kudzera mu valve yotseguka.
Nthawi zina, valavu yomata imatha kubwezeredwa pamalo oyenera. Kuti muchite izi, sungani payipi yobwerera ndikuyambitsa pampu yamafuta (yatsani kuyatsa). Pamene kuthamanga mu dongosolo kufika pazipita, muyenera mwadzidzidzi kumasula payipi.
Ngati zinthu sizingawongoleredwe motere, chowongolera chowongolera mafuta chiyenera kusinthidwa.
7. Tsukani mphuno za jekeseni. Zitha kukhalanso zotsekeka ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a pampu yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso lichuluke. Kutsekeka kwa mizere yamafuta ndi ma ramp sikofala, koma izi sizingathetsedwe kwathunthu.
8. Ngati zonse zifufuzidwa ndikutsukidwa, fyuluta yamafuta imasinthidwa, ndipo mpope wa gasi umapangabe phokoso lalikulu ndikupopera mafuta bwino, pali chinthu chimodzi chokha - kugula chipangizo chatsopano, ndikutumiza chakale kuchitsime. -kupumula koyenera. Pankhaniyi, sikoyenera kugula gawo lathunthu lamafuta, ndikwanira kugula ICE yokha.
Popeza gawo la mkango la tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timalowa m'malo opangira mafuta, titha kunena kuti chiyero chamafuta ndiye chinsinsi cha thanzi la mpope wamafuta.
Yesetsani kupaka mafuta ndi mafuta apamwamba kwambiri pamagalasi otsimikizika.
Osagwiritsa ntchito zitini zakale zachitsulo posungira mafuta, omwe amatha kuwononga makoma amkati.
Sinthani / yeretsani zosefera munthawi yake.
Pewani kutaya zonse mu thanki, nthawi zonse ikhale ndi mafuta osachepera 5 ... 10 malita amafuta. Moyenera, nthawi zonse ikhale yodzaza ndi kotala.
Njira zosavuta izi zidzasunga mpope wamafuta kukhala wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupewa zinthu zosasangalatsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulephera kwake.
