Momwe Mungawerengere Zowerengera Zambiri za Analogi (Masitepe 4)

Mutha kufunsa chifukwa chomwe muyenera kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma A/D multimeter m'zaka za digito.

Pankhani yoyezetsa zamagetsi, ma multimeter a analogi ndi chida chodalirika. Akatswiri amagwiritsabe ntchito mamita a analogi kuti athetse mavuto m'madera ena chifukwa cha kulondola kwawo komanso kutembenuka kwenikweni kwa ma RMS.

Ndifotokoza zambiri pansipa.

Momwe mungawerenge sikelo ya analogi

Sikelo ya analogi imakhala ndi mizere ndi manambala ambiri. Izi zitha kukhala zosokoneza kwa oyamba kumene, ndiye apa muphunzira njira zoyambira zowerengera molondola:

1. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya ohmic (mzere wapamwamba ndi Ω) kuti muwerengere kukana kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Muyenera kuchulukitsa muyeso wa sikelo potengera mulingo womwe wasankhidwa. Ngati mulingo wanu ndi 1 kΩ ndipo cholozera chili chokhazikika pa 5, kuwerenga kwanu kudzakhala 5 kΩ.
2. Muyenera kupanga masinthidwe a span mwanjira yofanana pamiyeso yonse ya kuchuluka.
3. Mutha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma voltage ndi apano pa sikelo yomwe ili pansi pa ohmic sikelo. Magetsi a DC ndi apano amayezedwa pafupi ndi sikelo ya ohmic pa mzere wakuda. Mzere wofiira nthawi zonse umayimira miyeso ya AC. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti muyenera kuyang'ana zomwe zilipo panopa komanso zamagetsi kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere.

Kuti muwerenge kuwerenga kwa mita ya analogi, tsatirani izi:

Chinthu cha 1: Lumikizani multimeter ya analogi kumayendedwe oyesa. Gwiritsani ntchito masinthidwe awa kuti muyeze kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana:

Kugwiritsa ntchito:

• Kuyeza kwa magetsiZindikirani: Kuti muyese voteji, muyenera kuyika mita ku ACV (alternating current voltage) kapena DCV (direct current voltage), malingana ndi mtundu wa voteji yomwe ikuyezedwa.
• Kuyeza mphamvuZindikirani: Kuti muyese zamakono, muyenera kuyika mita ku ACA (AC) kapena DCA (Direct Current), malingana ndi momwe mukupimidwira.
• Kukana muyeso: Mungakhazikitse mita ku mtundu wa ohm (ohm).
• Kuyesa kopitilira: Kuti muyese kupitiriza, muyenera kuyika mita ku mlingo woyesera, womwe nthawi zambiri umasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro monga diode kapena speaker.
• Kuwona ma transistorsZindikirani: Muyenera kukhazikitsa mita ku hFE (transistor gain) kuti muyese ma transistors.
• Kuwona ma CapacitorsA: Kuti muyese ma capacitor, muyenera kuyika mita ku capacitance range (uF).
• Mayeso a diodeZindikirani: Kuti muyese ma diode, muyenera kuyika mita pamlingo woyeserera wa diode, womwe nthawi zambiri umawonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro monga diode kapena delta.

Chinthu cha 2: Gwirizanitsani zoyesa mayeso ku chinthu kuti ayezedwe mu kasinthidwe aliyense ndi kuyang'ana mawerengedwe sikelo. Tigwiritsa ntchito magetsi a DC monga chitsanzo pazokambiranazi.

Chinthu cha 3: Mayeso oyika amatsogolera kumapeto kwa batire ya AA (pafupifupi 9V). Kutengera mtundu womwe wasankhidwa, pointer iyenera kusinthasintha pa sikelo. Singanoyo iyenera kukhala pakati pa 8 ndi 10 pa sikelo ngati batire yanu yadzaza kwathunthu. 

Chinthu cha 4: Gwiritsani ntchito njira yomweyi kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe osiyanasiyana.

Monga tanena kale, kusankha kwamitundu ndi kuchulukitsa ndikofunikira kuti muwerenge molondola analogi. (1)

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuyeza mphamvu ya batire yagalimoto ndi ma multimeter a A/D, mtunduwo uyenera kukhala wokulirapo. Mufunika kuchulutsa kosavuta kuti muwerenge zotuluka zomaliza.

Ngati magetsi anu a DC ali 250V ndipo singanoyo ili pakati pa 50 ndi 100, mphamvuyo imakhala pafupifupi 75 volts kutengera malo enieni.

Chiyambi cha gulu

Kumvetsetsa gulu la chipangizocho ndikofunikiranso kuti muwerenge multimeter ya analogi. Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa:

• Volt (B): gawo la mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kapena mphamvu yamagetsi. Imayesa voteji, kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pakati pa mfundo ziwiri pagawo.
• Amplifiers (A): Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magetsi amagetsi mudera.
• Ahm (Ohm): Chigawo cha mphamvu zamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kukana kwa chinthu kapena gawo la dera.
• mafunde ang'onoang'ono (µA): Chigawo chamagetsi chamagetsi chofanana ndi gawo limodzi la miliyoni la ampere. Imayesa mafunde ang'onoang'ono, monga transistor kapena chigawo china chaching'ono chamagetsi.
• kilo (kΩ): ​​Chigawo cha mphamvu zamagetsi chofanana ndi 1,000 Ω. Imayesa kukana kwakukulu, mwachitsanzo mu resistor kapena chinthu china chozungulira.
• zabwino (mΩ): Chigawo cha mphamvu zamagetsi chofanana ndi 1 miliyoni ohms. Imayesa kukana kwambiri, monga kuyesa kwa insulation kapena miyeso ina yapadera.
• sitiroko imayimira AC voltage ndipo DCV imayimira DC voltage.
• Kulumikizana (AC) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe nthawi ndi nthawi imasintha njira. Uwu ndi mtundu wamakono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'machitidwe amagetsi apanyumba ndi mafakitale ndipo amakhala ndi ma frequency a 50 kapena 60 Hz (hertz) m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi.
• DC (DC) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda mbali imodzi yokha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi ndi zida monga mabatire ndi ma solar.
• sitiroko и DCV miyeso imayesa kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo pakati pa mfundo ziwiri pagawo. Miyezo yamagetsi ya AC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza voteji ya AC ndipo miyeso yamagetsi ya DC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza voteji ya DC.

Multimeter ya analogi imathanso kukhala ndi zowerengera kapena masikelo pa dial kapena sikelo, kutengera mawonekedwe a mita ndi kuthekera kwake. Ndikofunika kutchula bukhu kapena malangizo a multimeter enieni omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amvetse tanthauzo la mfundozi.

Pansi pakona yakumanzere kwa multimeter, muyenera kuwona komwe mungalumikizane ndi ma probe.

Kenako mutha kupeza njira zambiri kudzera pamadoko omwe ali pansi kumanja. Mukafuna kutembenuza polarity ya muyeso, kusintha kosankha kwa polarity kumakhala kothandiza. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira chapakati kuti musankhe mtengo woyezedwa ndi mtundu womwe mukufuna.

Mwachitsanzo, tembenuzirani kumanzere ngati mukufuna kuyeza mtundu wamagetsi (AC) ndi multimeter ya analogi.

Malangizo ofunikira ndi zidule

• Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma analogi multimeter, sankhani mitundu yoyenera kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika. Muyenera kuchita izi musanayambe komanso panthawi yoyezera kuchuluka. (2)
• Nthawi zonse yesani ma multimeter anu a analogi musanayese kuyesa kapena kuthetsa mavuto. Ndimalimbikitsa kwambiri kuwerengetsa mlungu uliwonse ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chanu tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Ngati mupeza kusintha kwakukulu mumiyeso, ndi nthawi yosintha mabatire.
• Ngati mukutsimikiza za mtengo weniweni wamtengo woyezedwa mu volts, nthawi zonse sankhani mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.

ayamikira

(1) kuchulukitsa - https://www.britannica.com/science/multiplication

(2) kuyeza kuchuluka - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/

pii/026322419600022X