Ubwino wamafuta a injini

Ubwino wamafuta a injini zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a injini yoyaka mkati, gwero lake, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mawonekedwe agalimoto, komanso kuchuluka kwamadzi opaka mafuta omwe amachoka kuti awonongeke. Zizindikiro zonse za mtundu wa mafuta a injini zitha kudziwika kokha ndi kusanthula kwamankhwala ovuta. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri mwa iwo, chosonyeza kuti mafuta ayenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga, akhoza kufufuzidwa paokha.

Momwe mungawonere momwe mafuta alili

Pali njira zingapo zosavuta zomwe mungadziwire mafuta abwino atsopano.

Mawonekedwe a chidebe ndi zolemba zake

Pakali pano, m'masitolo, pamodzi ndi mafuta ovomerezeka, pali zabodza zambiri. Ndipo izi zimagwira ntchito pafupifupi mafuta onse apakati ndi apamwamba mtengo (mwachitsanzo, Mobile, Rosneft, Shell, Castrol, Gazpromneft, Total, Liquid Moli, Lukoil ndi ena). Opanga awo akuyesera kuteteza katundu wawo momwe angathere. Zomwe zachitika posachedwa ndikutsimikizira pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito ma code, nambala ya QR, kapena kupeza patsamba la opanga. Palibe malingaliro onse pankhaniyi, popeza wopanga aliyense amathetsa vutoli mwanjira yake.

Komabe, motsimikiza, pogula, muyenera kuyang'ana mtundu wa canister ndi zolemba zake. Mwachilengedwe, iyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza mafuta omwe amatsanuliridwa mu canister (ma viscosity, API ndi miyezo ya ACEA, kuvomereza kwa opanga magalimoto, ndi zina zotero).

Chizindikiro cha mafuta a injini

kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro zonse pa chitini cha mafuta a galimoto. Dziwani zomwe zizindikiro zamafuta a injini API, SAE, ACEA, ILSAC ndi GOST zikutanthawuza kuti musankhe mafuta ofunikira a injini yoyaka mkati mwagalimoto Werengani zambiri

 

Ngati font yomwe ili palembayo ndi yotsika kwambiri, imayikidwa pamakona, imachotsedwa mosavuta, ndiye kuti mwina muli ndi yabodza, ndipo moyenerera. ndi bwino kupewa kugula.

Kutsimikiza kwa zonyansa zamakina

Kuwongolera kwamafuta a injini kumatha kuchitika ndi maginito ndi/kapena mbale ziwiri zamagalasi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga pang'ono (pafupifupi 20 ... 30 magalamu) a mafuta oyesedwa, ndikuyikamo maginito ang'onoang'ono, ndipo muyime kwa mphindi zingapo. Ngati mafuta ali ndi tinthu tambiri ta ferromagnetic, ndiye kuti ambiri amamatira ku maginito. Amatha kuwoneka mowoneka kapena kukhudza maginito kukhudza. Ngati pali zinyalala zambiri zotere, ndiye kuti mafuta oterowo ndi opanda pake ndipo ndi bwino kusagwiritsa ntchito.

Njira ina yoyesera pankhaniyi ndi mbale zamagalasi. Kuti muwone, muyenera kuyika 2 ... 3 madontho a mafuta pa galasi limodzi, ndiyeno perani pamwamba ndi chithandizo chachiwiri. Ngati panthawi yogaya phokoso lachitsulo kapena crunch limamveka, ndipo makamaka, zonyansa zamakina zimamveka, ndiyenso kukana kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kuwongolera khalidwe la mafuta pamapepala

Komanso, chimodzi mwa mayesero ophweka ndikuyika pepala loyera pamakona a 30 ... 45 ° ndikugwetsa madontho angapo a mafuta oyesera. Gawo lina lidzalowetsedwa mu pepala, ndipo voliyumu yotsalayo idzafalikira pamwamba pa pepala. Njira iyi iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Mafuta sayenera kukhala wandiweyani komanso akuda kwambiri (monga phula kapena phula). Kutsatira kuyenera kuwonetsa madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda, omwe ndi ma dome achitsulo. pasakhalenso mawanga amdima osiyana, mafuta amafuta ayenera kukhala ofanana.

Ngati mafuta ali ndi mtundu wakuda, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi komanso oyera, ndiye kuti amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo ndi abwino kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mafuta aliwonse, akalowa mkati mwa injini yoyaka moto, amayamba mdima pambuyo pa kuthamanga kwa makilomita makumi angapo, ndipo izi ndi zachilendo.

Mayeso kunyumba

ndizothekanso kuchita mayeso ndi mafuta ogulidwa pang'ono, makamaka ngati pazifukwa zina mumakayikira mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo, pang'ono (100 ... 150 magalamu) amaikidwa mu beaker ya galasi kapena botolo ndikusiya kwa masiku angapo. Ngati mafuta ali abwino, ndiye kuti akhoza kugawanika kukhala tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Ndiko kuti, pansi padzakhala mbali zake zolemetsa, ndipo pamwamba - zopepuka. Mwachilengedwe, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oterowo pama injini oyatsira mkati.

komanso batala pang'ono akhoza kuzizira mufiriji kapena kunja, malinga ngati pali kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Izi zipereka lingaliro lovuta la magwiridwe antchito otsika. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamafuta otsika mtengo (kapena abodza).

Mafuta a nyengo zonse nthawi zina amatenthedwa mu crucible pa chitofu chamagetsi kapena mu uvuni pa kutentha kosalekeza kwa madigiri 100 Celsius. Kuyesera koteroko kumapangitsa kuti athe kuweruza momwe mafuta amawotcha mofulumira, komanso ngati amagawanika m'zigawo zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.

Makanema kunyumba akhoza kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito phazi ndi khosi woonda (pafupifupi 1-2 mm). Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga mafuta atsopano (omwe amalengeza mamasukidwe) ndi lubricant kuchokera ku crankcase. Ndipo tsanulirani mafuta aliwonse mosinthana kukhala fungulo la DRY. Mothandizidwa ndi wotchi (stopwatch), mutha kuwerengera mosavuta madontho angati amafuta amodzi ndi mafuta achiwiri omwe adzagwe nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mfundo izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri, ndiye m'pofunika m'malo mafuta crankcase. Komabe, chisankhochi chiyenera kupangidwa pamaziko a deta ina yowunikira.

Chitsimikizo chosalunjika cha kulephera kwa mafuta ndi fungo lake loyaka. Makamaka ngati ili ndi zonyansa zambiri. Pamene mbali yoteroyo yadziwika, ndiye kuti kufufuza kwina kuyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, m'malo mwa mafuta. Komanso, fungo loyaka losasangalatsa limatha kuwoneka ngati mafuta atsika mu crankcase, chifukwa chake fufuzani chizindikiro ichi mofananira.

komanso mayeso amodzi a "kunyumba". Ma algorithms kuti agwiritse ntchito ndi awa:

• tenthetsani injini yoyaka mkati kuti ikhale kutentha (kapena kudumphani izi ngati zachitika kale);
• zimitsani injini ndi kutsegula hood;
• tenga chiguduli, chotsani choyikapo ndikuchipukuta mofatsa;
• lowetsaninso kafukufuku m'bowo lake ndikuchichotsa pamenepo;
• Onani momwe dontho la mafuta limapangidwira pa dipstick komanso ngati limapangidwira konse.

Ngati dontho lili ndi kachulukidwe wapakati (osati madzi ambiri komanso osanenepa), ndiye kuti mafuta otere angagwiritsidwenso ntchito osasinthidwa. Zikachitika kuti m'malo mopanga dontho, mafutawo amangotsika pamwamba pa dipstick (ndipo ngakhale mdima wandiweyani), ndiye kuti mafuta oterowo ayenera kusinthidwa posachedwa.

Mtengo wa ndalama

Chiŵerengero cha mtengo wotsika ndi mafuta apamwamba angakhalenso chizindikiro chosalunjika chakuti ogulitsa akuyesera kugulitsa katundu wachinyengo. Palibe wopanga mafuta wodzilemekeza yemwe angachepetse kwambiri mtengo wazinthu zawo, choncho musagonje pakunyengerera kwa ogulitsa osakhulupirika.

Yesani kugula mafuta a injini m'masitolo odalirika omwe ali ndi mgwirizano ndi oimira akuluakulu (ogulitsa) opanga mafuta.

Mayeso otsitsa mafuta

Komabe, njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe mafuta angadziwike ndi njira yoyesera madontho. Idapangidwa ndi SHELL mu 1948 ku USA, ndipo nayo mutha kuyang'ana momwe mafuta alili ndi dontho limodzi lokha. Ndipo ngakhale woyendetsa novice akhoza kuchita. Zowona, zitsanzo zoyesererazi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati zatsopano, koma mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale.

Mothandizidwa ndi kuyesa dontho, simungathe kudziwa mtundu wa mafuta a injini, komanso onani magawo otsatirawa:

• chikhalidwe cha gaskets mphira ndi zisindikizo mu injini kuyaka mkati;
• mafuta a injini;
• mkhalidwe wa injini kuyaka mkati lonse (ndiko, kaya pakufunika kukonzanso kwakukulu);
• kudziwa nthawi yosintha mafuta mu injini yagalimoto.

Algorithm yochitira chitsanzo choyesa mafuta

Momwe mungapangire mayeso a drip? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita motsatira algorithm iyi:

1. Kutenthetsa injini yoyaka mkati kuti ikhale yotentha (itha kukhala pafupifupi +50 ... + 60 ° С, kuti musawotche mukatenga chitsanzo).
2. Konzani pepala loyera lopanda kanthu pasadakhale (kukula kwake kulibe kanthu, pepala lokhazikika la A4 lopindidwa magawo awiri kapena anayi lidzachita).
3. Tsegulani kapu ya crankcase filler, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito dipstick kuyika dontho limodzi kapena awiri papepala (nthawi yomweyo mutha kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwamafuta a injini mu injini yoyaka mkati).
4. Dikirani 15…20 mphindi kuti mafuta alowe mu pepala.

Ubwino wa mafuta a injini umayesedwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mafuta omwe amachokera.

Chonde dziwani kuti mafuta a injini amawonongeka kwambiri, ndiye kuti, ngati chigumukire. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mafuta akamakula, amataya mwachangu zinthu zoteteza komanso zotsukira.

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wamafuta ndi mtundu wa banga

Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira mtundu wa madera anayi omwe amapangidwa mkati mwa malire a malowo.

1. Mbali yapakati pa malowa ndi yofunika kwambiri! Ngati mafuta ndi abwino, ndiye kuti mwaye ndi zonyansa zamakina zimachitika mmenemo. Pazifukwa zachirengedwe, sangathe kulowetsedwa mu pepala. kawirikawiri, gawo lapakati pa malowa ndi lakuda kuposa ena onse.
2. Gawo lachiwiri ndi ndendende banga lamafuta. Ndiko kuti, mafuta omwe adalowetsedwa mu pepala ndipo alibe zonyansa zowonjezera zamakina. Mafuta akuda kwambiri, amakalamba. Komabe, magawo owonjezera amafunikira kuti athetse yankho lomaliza. Ma injini a dizilo adzakhala ndi mafuta akuda. komanso, ngati injini ya dizilo imasuta kwambiri, ndiye mu chitsanzo chotsitsa nthawi zambiri mulibe malire pakati pa chigawo choyamba ndi chachiwiri, ndiko kuti, mtundu umasintha bwino.
3. Chigawo chachitatu, chakutali ndi pakati, chikuimiridwa ndi madzi. Kukhalapo kwake m'mafuta sikofunikira, koma osati kovuta. Ngati palibe madzi, m'mphepete mwa chigawocho adzakhala osalala, pafupi ndi bwalo. Ngati pali madzi, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala zigzag. Madzi mumafuta amatha kukhala ndi magawo awiri - condensation ndi ozizira. Mlandu woyamba si woipa kwambiri. Ngati glycol-based antifreeze ilowa mumafuta, ndiye kuti mphete yachikasu, yotchedwa korona, idzawonekera pamwamba pa malire a zigzag. Ngati pali ma depositi ambiri mumafuta, ndiye kuti mwaye, dothi ndi zonyansa sizingakhale zoyambira zokha, komanso zachiwiri komanso zachitatu zozungulira.
4. Gawo lachinayi likuimiridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mafuta mumafuta. Chifukwa chake, mu injini zoyatsira zamkati zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, malowa sayenera kukhalapo kapena adzakhala ochepa. Ngati zone chachinayi ikuchitika, ndiye m'pofunika kukonzanso injini kuyaka mkati. Kukula kwakukulu kwa gawo lachinayi, mafuta ambiri mumafuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwini galimotoyo ayenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri.

Nthawi zina mayeso owonjezera amachitidwa kuti awone kukhalapo kwa madzi mumafuta. Kotero, chifukwa pepalali latenthedwa. Chigawo chachitatu chikayaka, kumveka kumveka kwaphokoso, kofanana ndi kung'ung'udza komweko powotcha nkhuni zonyowa. Kukhalapo kwamadzi ngakhale pang'ono m'mafuta kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa izi:

• Mphamvu zoteteza mafuta zimawonongeka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvala kofulumira kwa zotsukira ndi zowotcha pokhudzana ndi madzi, ndipo izi, zimabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwamagulu amagulu a pistoni ndikufulumizitsa kuipitsidwa kwa injini yoyaka mkati.
• Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakula kukula, motero timatsekereza njira zamafuta. Ndipo izi zimakhudza kwambiri kondomu ya injini kuyaka mkati.
• Kuchuluka kwa hydrodynamics yonyamula mafuta kumawonjezeka, ndipo izi zimawakhudza kwambiri.
• Kuzizira (kukhazikika) kwa mafuta mu injini kumakwera.
• Kukhuthala kwa mafuta mu injini yoyaka moto imasintha, imakhala yocheperako, ngakhale pang'ono.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodontha, mutha kudziwanso momwe mafuta amabalalitsira bwino. Chizindikirochi chimawonetsedwa m'mayunitsi osagwirizana ndipo chimawerengedwa motsatira njira iyi: Ds = 1 - (d2/d3)², pomwe d2 ndi mainchesi a malo amafuta achiwiri, ndipo d3 ndi yachitatu. Ndi bwino kuyeza mu millimeters kuti zikhale zosavuta.

Zimaganiziridwa kuti mafuta ali ndi katundu wobalalitsa wokhutiritsa ngati mtengo wa Ds suli wotsika kuposa 0,3. Kupanda kutero, mafutawo amafunikira kusinthidwa mwachangu ndi madzi abwinoko (atsopano) opaka mafuta. Akatswiri amalangiza kuyesa kukapanda kuleka mafuta a injini iliyonse ndi theka kwa makilomita zikwi ziwiri galimoto.

Zotsatira za drop test zalembedwa

mtengo	Kuchiritsa	Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito
1, 2, 3	Mafuta alibe fumbi, dothi ndi zitsulo, kapena zili, koma pang'ono.	Kuchita kwa ICE ndikololedwa
4, 5, 6	Mafutawa amakhala ndi fumbi, dothi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo.	Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito injini zoyatsira mkati zowunika nthawi ndi nthawi zamafuta
7, 8, 9	The zili insoluble makina zonyansa mu mafuta kuposa m'kamwa	Kugwiritsa ntchito ICE sikuvomerezeka.

Kumbukirani kuti mitundu imasintha mbali imodzi ndipo ina sikuti nthawi zonse imawonetsa kusintha kwamafuta. Tanena kale zakuda mwachangu. Komabe, ngati galimoto yanu ili ndi zida za LPG, m'malo mwake, mafuta sangatembenuke wakuda kwa nthawi yayitali komanso ngakhale kukhala ndi mthunzi wocheperako ngakhale ndi mtunda wofunikira wagalimoto. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kalekale. Zoona zake n'zakuti mu mpweya woyaka (methane, propane, butane) mwachibadwa mumakhala zonyansa zowonjezera zomwe zimaipitsa mafuta. Choncho, ngakhale mafuta mu galimoto ndi LPG si mdima kwambiri, ayenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi dongosolo.

Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera

Njira yachikale yochitira mayeso a dontho yafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Komabe, oyendetsa galimoto ochulukirachulukira tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito njira yowongoleredwa ndi MOTORcheckUP AG yochokera ku Luxembourg. Kawirikawiri, imayimira ndondomeko yomweyi, komabe, m'malo mwa pepala lopanda kanthu, kampaniyo imapereka pepala lapadera "zosefera", zomwe zili pakati pa pepala lapadera la fyuluta, kumene muyenera kutaya pang'ono. mafuta. Monga mu mayeso tingachipeze powerenga, mafuta adzafalikira m'madera anayi, amene adzakhala zotheka kuweruza boma la lubricating madzimadzi.

M'ma ICE amakono (mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa TFSI kuchokera ku VAG), ma probe amakina asinthidwa ndi zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, wokonda magalimoto amalandidwa mwayi wodzitengera yekha chitsanzo chamafuta. M'magalimoto amenewa pali mlingo wamagetsi ndi sensa yapadera ya khalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha mafuta m'galimoto.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito sensa yamtundu wa mafuta imachokera ku kuyang'anira kusintha kwa dielectric nthawi zonse za mafuta, zomwe zimasintha malinga ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuchuluka kwa zonyansa mu mafuta. Pankhaniyi, zimatsalira kudalira zamagetsi "zanzeru" kapena kupempha thandizo ku malo othandizira kuti antchito awo ayang'ane mafuta mu crankcase ya injini yagalimoto yanu.

Ena opanga mafuta agalimoto, mwachitsanzo, Liqui Moly (Molygen series) ndi Castrol (Edge, Professional series), amawonjezera ma pigment omwe amawala mu cheza cha ultraviolet pakupanga kwamadzi opaka mafuta. Choncho, pamenepa, choyambirira chikhoza kufufuzidwa ndi tochi yoyenera kapena nyali. Pigment yotereyi imasungidwa kwa makilomita zikwi zingapo.

Portable pocket oil analyzer

Luso lamakono lamakono limapangitsa kuti zitheke kudziwa ubwino wa mafuta osati "ndi diso" kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa dontho komwe tafotokozedwa pamwambapa, komanso mothandizidwa ndi hardware yowonjezera. ndiye, tikulankhula za kunyamula (mthumba) mafuta analyzer.

Nthawi zambiri, njira yogwirira nawo ntchito ndikuyika mafuta pang'ono pa sensa yogwira ntchito ya chipangizocho, ndipo chowunikira chokhacho, pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yomwe ili mkati mwake, chidzazindikira momwe kapangidwe kake kaliri kapena koyipa. Kumene, iye sadzatha kupanga zonse kusanthula mankhwala ndi kupereka mwatsatanetsatane za makhalidwe ena, komabe, zomwe zaperekedwa ndizokwanira kuti apeze chithunzi chonse cha mkhalidwe wa injini ya mafuta kwa dalaivala.

M'malo mwake, pali zida zambiri zotere, ndipo, motero, kuthekera kwawo ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito zimatha kusiyana. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, monga Lubrichek wotchuka, ndi interferometer (zida ntchito pa mfundo thupi kusokonezedwa), zimene zizindikiro zotsatirazi (kapena ena mwa kutchulidwa) akhoza kudziwa mafuta:

• kuchuluka kwa mwaye;
• makutidwe ndi okosijeni;
• mlingo wa nitriding;
• mlingo wa sulfation;
• phosphorous anti-kulanda zowonjezera;
• madzi okwanira;
• glycol (antifreeze);
• mafuta a dizilo;
• mafuta amafuta;
• chiwerengero cha asidi;
• nambala yoyambira;
• mamasukidwe akayendedwe (makamaka mamasukidwe index).

Maonekedwe a mafuta a injini

Kusanthula kwathupi ndi mankhwala amafuta amagalimoto kumaphatikizapo: index ya viscosity, phulusa, manambala amchere ndi zizindikiro zina. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Tiyeni tiganizire za kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zoyambira zaukadaulo paubwino ndi katundu wamafuta a injini zoyaka mkati Werengani zambiri

 

Kukula kwa chipangizocho, mawonekedwe ake aukadaulo, ndi zina zambiri zimatha kusiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yotsogola kwambiri imawonetsa zotsatira zoyezetsa pazenera m'masekondi ochepa chabe. Amatha kutumiza ndi kulandira deta kudzera mu USB standard. Zida zotere zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira mankhwala oopsa kwambiri.

Komabe, zitsanzo zosavuta kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo zimangowonetsa mfundo (mwachitsanzo, pamlingo wa 10-point) momwe mafuta a injini akuyesedwa. Choncho, n'zosavuta kwa woyendetsa wamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zimenezi, makamaka kuganizira kusiyana mtengo.