Kodi kukwera kwa galimoto ndi chiyani

Kuyenda pansi kwa galimoto kumaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo ndi njira zomwe pamodzi zimatsimikizira kusuntha kwa galimoto yokhudzana ndi msewu ndikuchepetsa zochitika monga kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka pamlingo wofunidwa. Ndi kuchokera ku chassis kuti mulingo wa chitonthozo paulendo wa dalaivala ndi okwera zimadalira kwambiri.

Zigawo zitatu zazikulu za galimoto yothamanga zitha kusiyanitsa:

• kubereka maziko (mafupa);
• wosuntha (osasokonezedwa ndi injini!);
• zikondwerero.

Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane chipangizo ndi ntchito cholinga chilichonse mwa zigawozi.

Chimango kapena thupi litha kukhala ngati chinthu chothandizira. M'magalimoto onyamula katundu, ntchito ya mafupa nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ndi chimango. M'magalimoto okwera, chonyamulira ndi thupi, kapangidwe kake kamakhala chimango kapena kopanda furemu. Kugwiritsa ntchito chimango kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka mu kanyumba ndikuwonjezera chitonthozo. Komano, frameless thupi ali ndi kulemera m'munsi, amene ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kuyendetsa galimoto ndi chuma cha galimoto.

Thupi la galimoto yonyamula anthu likhoza kukhala ndi zigawo zitatu zogwirira ntchito - chipinda cha injini, chipinda chokwera ndi thunthu. M'mitundu yambiri, thunthu ngati chipinda chosiyana chikusowa. Ndipo zimachitika kuti madipatimenti onse atatu amaphatikizidwa kukhala buku limodzi.

Nthawi zambiri, wosuntha ndi wotembenuza mtundu wina wa mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito kuti asunthe. Chopalasacho chikhoza kukhala chopalasa, chopalasira, chopalasira kapena chopalasira, mphuno za injini ya jeti, malo opangira ma elekitirodi, ndi zina zambiri. M'mayendedwe apamtunda, mawilo kapena mayendedwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosuntha, nthawi zambiri - zida zina, mwachitsanzo, njira zoyenda.

Magalimoto ndi magalimoto ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawilo a pneumatic, omwe amakhala ndi rimu, disc ndi tayala. Mawilo opanda ma disc amaikidwa pamabasi ndi magalimoto olemera.

Disks

Kwa magalimoto okwera, ma disks osalekanitsidwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mapangidwe awa, mkomberowo ndi malo welded kwa chimbale. Ma disks okhala ndi mkombero wochotsedwa amapezeka m'magalimoto opanda msewu. Zimachitika kuti cutouts amapangidwa mu zimbale kuti kuchepetsa kulemera kwawo ndi kusintha kuzirala kwa ananyema njira.

Mawilo amapangidwa ndi ma alloys opepuka opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena magnesium kapena chitsulo. Magalimoto ambiri omwe amachokera ku fakitale amadzaza ndi ma disks achitsulo. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo wotsika komanso ductility - pakukhudzidwa, samasweka, koma amapunduka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasewera gawo la damper ya kuyimitsidwa ndi ziwongolero, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika zawo. Nthawi zambiri, chimbale chachitsulo chopunduka chikhoza kukonzedwa. Kuipa kwa ma disc achitsulo kumaphatikizapo misa yambiri komanso kutengeka ndi dzimbiri.

Mawilo a alloy amapangidwa ndi kuponyera kapena kupangira. Mawilo aloyi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa mawilo ndipo zambiri kuchepetsa unsprung kulemera, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepetsa katundu pa kuyimitsidwa ndi zabwino zimakhudza kukwera, bata ndi kulamulira galimoto. Komabe, mawilo a alloy ndi otsika mphamvu kuposa mawilo achitsulo; ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, amatha kusweka ndi kugwa. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa ma magnesium discs, omwe, kuphatikiza apo, samasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri.

Mawilo opangidwa ndi ma aloyi opepuka amakhala ndi misa yaying'ono kwambiri, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana dzimbiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo kwakukulu kumalepheretsedwa ndi zovuta za kupanga ndi kukwera mtengo.

Mpando wa tayala - m'mphepete alumali. Kwa matayala a chubu, imakhala ndi malo otsetsereka a madigiri ofananira ndi ndege yopingasa; kapangidwe ka matayala opanda machubu, mbali ya alumali ndi pafupifupi madigiri 15. Kukwera kwa diski kumatsimikiziridwa ndi msinkhu wa masamulo.

M'mphepete mwa mphete pali zoyima za mikanda ya tayala - zomwe zimatchedwa flanges, mtunda pakati pawo umagwirizana ndi m'lifupi mwake. Kukula uku kuyenera kukhala 70 ... 75% ya m'lifupi mwake tayalalo. Kupatukira mbali imodzi kapena ina kudzasokoneza kuyendetsa galimoto.

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri cha chimbale ndi kuchepetsa - mtunda pakati pa ndege yake ofukula ya symmetry ndi ndege kukhudzana ndi likulu. Kunyamuka kuyenera kukhala m'malire omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga makinawo, apo ayi kasamalidwe kadzawonongeka, makamaka akamawomba.

Kuphatikiza pa m'lifupi mwake, m'mimba mwake ndi m'mimba mwake, posankha mphete, muyenera kuganizira kukula kwa dzenje lapakati, komanso chiwerengero, malo ndi m'mimba mwake mwa mabowo okwera.

Mu sitolo yapaintaneti mutha kusankha ma rimu amagalimoto amtundu waku China. Mukhozanso kugula pano.

Matawi

Matayala amapereka mphamvu yogwira bwino pamsewu ndipo amachepetsa zotsatira za mabampu a pamsewu pa kuyimitsidwa ndi thupi. Impact kusalaza kumachitika chifukwa cha elasticity wa labala ndi zotanuka katundu wa wothinikizidwa mpweya mkati tayala. Monga lamulo, mpweya wamba umaponyedwa mu tayala, zimachitika kuti nayitrogeni. Mutha kuwerenga za ngati kuli koyenera kukweza matayala ndi nayitrogeni mumgwirizano womwewo.

Malinga ndi njira yosindikiza matayala amagawidwa mu chipinda ndi tubeless. Tayala ya chubu imakhala ndi chipinda cha rabara chodzaza mpweya ndi tayala. Chipindacho chili ndi valavu yomwe imatuluka kudzera pabowo pamphepete. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapezekabe nthawi zina, koma ndi kakale kale ndipo kuyenera kutheratu mtsogolo muno.

Pafupifupi magalimoto onse opangidwa m'nthawi yathu ino ali ndi matayala opanda ma tubes omwe ali ndi gawo lapadera pamtunda wawo wamkati womwe umatsimikizira kulimba komanso kupewa kutulutsa mpweya woponderezedwa kudzera mu ma micropores a tayalalo. Mikanda ya matayala oterowo imakhala ndi zidindo zomatira pamalo okhala pamphepete mwa ma flanges. Mavavu amaikidwa m'mabowo apadera m'mphepete mwake.

Matayala opanda machubu ndi opepuka, odalirika komanso olimba kuposa matayala a chubu. Komabe, ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuyikidwa mosamala. Ngati khoma la m'mphepete mwake lawonongeka, kusindikizidwa kwa tayala kungasokonezeke. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za sitolo ya matayala, yomwe ili ndi zipangizo zoyenera.

Popanga matayala, mphira ndi chingwe (zitsulo, polima kapena nsalu) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi malo a ulusi wa chingwe, pali matayala okhala ndi diagonal ndi ma radial nyama. M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, matayala a radial amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, omwe ali ndi zabwino zingapo poyerekeza ndi diagonal.

Matayala amasiyananso ndi nyengo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, mbiri, kukula, mawonekedwe opondaponda, index ya liwiro, kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi magawo ena angapo. Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri za momwe mungasankhire matayala abwino a galimoto yanu. Chosiyana chimaperekedwa pakusankha matayala achisanu.

Cholinga ndi mitundu

Kuyimitsidwa ndi mgwirizano wapakatikati pakati pa mawilo ndi chimango chonyamulira. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika panjira yosagwirizana ndi msewu, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa thupi ndikuwonetsetsa kuyenda bwino kwagalimoto. Chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa, kugwirizana pakati pa thupi ndi mawilo kumakhala zotanuka, injini yoyaka mkati, gearbox ndi zigawo zina sizigwedezeka, ndipo anthu omwe ali m'nyumbamo amakhala omasuka. Kuyimitsidwa kosamalidwa bwino komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kumathandizira kuyendetsa galimoto ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino.

Kawirikawiri pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yoyimitsidwa - yodalira komanso yodziimira. Pa chodalira, mawilo awiri a ekisi imodzi amalumikizana wina ndi mzake ndipo amasunthidwa mumlengalenga pamodzi ndi ekseliyo. Chotsatira chake, ngati gudumu limodzi ligunda, mwachitsanzo, kukweza ndi kupendekeka, gudumu lina la ekseli yomweyo lidzapendekera ndi ngodya yomweyo. Wodziyimira pawokha alibe kulumikizana kolimba koteroko, mawilo amatha kupendekeka, kuwuka ndikugwa popanda wina ndi mnzake.

Mutha kuwerenga za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kuyimitsidwa kodalira komanso kodziyimira pawokha komanso komwe kuli bwinoko.

M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, kuyimitsidwa kodalira kumapezeka kokha pazitsulo zakumbuyo. Kutsogolo, kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira kokha kumayikidwa. Makina a MacPherson ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuphweka kwapangidwe komanso mtengo wotsika wokhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri za kinematic. MacPherson alinso ndi kulemera kochepa, komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri, popeza kuyimitsidwa ndi anthu ambiri, ndipo m'munsimu chiŵerengero cha magalimoto osasunthika ndi otsika kwambiri, ndi bwino kuyendetsa galimoto - kuyendetsa, kukwera ndi mphamvu zina.

Mu zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali, kuyimitsidwa kothandiza kwambiri kwa maulalo ambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Palinso mitundu ina yoyimitsidwa yodziyimira payokha - mikono yotsatana, zolakalaka ziwiri, mikono ya oblique, akasupe amasamba, mipiringidzo ya torsion - koma pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ntchito yomanga

Kuyimitsidwa kulikonse kumaphatikizapo mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya zigawo - maupangiri, zotanuka ndi zonyowa.

Zinthu zowongolera ndi levers, ndodo, ndodo. Chiwerengero cha ma levers chingakhale chosiyana, ndipo chikhoza kupezeka pambali, kudutsa kapena pakona kumtunda wautali wa galimoto. Werengani zambiri za chipangizocho ndi mitundu ya zida zoyimitsidwa.

Chifukwa cha zinthu zotanuka - akasupe, akasupe, mipiringidzo ya torsion, matumba a mpweya - kuyendetsa galimoto ndikosiyana kwambiri ndi kuyendetsa ngolo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mukhale omasuka ngakhale mukuyendetsa panjira yomwe si yabwino kwambiri.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zinthu zotanuka zimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu mu ndege zonse zopingasa komanso zoyima. Popanda kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kotereku, kuyendetsa galimoto nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosatheka komanso koopsa. Ma telescopic shock absorbers amachita ngati damper. M'masiku akale, ma lever shock absorbers ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma tsopano akupezeka mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito telescopic hydraulic shock absorber imachokera ku kukana kwa madzi (mafuta) pamene amakakamizika kudutsa mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Mapangidwe a makina otsekemera a ma chubu awiri amakhala ndi silinda yomwe ili mkati mwa thupi la cylindrical, pisitoni yokhala ndi ndodo, valavu yowonongeka ndi valavu yolipira. Pamene kuyimitsidwa kumasunthidwa pansi, pisitoni imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kudzera m'mbale yokhala ndi mabowo kuchokera ku chubu chimodzi kupita ku china. The mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta amatsimikizira inertia wa otaya, mwa kuyankhula kwina, psinjika adzakhala pang'onopang'ono. Madzi ochokera pansi pa pistoni adzalowa m'bowo pamwamba pake. Pistoni ikabwerera m'mwamba, njira yofananayo idzachitika mbali ina.

Palinso zodzikongoletsera za chubu limodzi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopopedwa pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri. Mutha kuwerenga za momwe mungadziwire thanzi la ma shock absorbers.

Zinthu zonse zamagiya othamanga zimagwira ntchito movutikira, kuyimitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kumakhala kolemetsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zimachitika kuti ngakhale magawo odalirika amatha kulephera. Zokhudza zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi chassis, werengani izi.

Ngati pakufunika kugula zida zosinthira, izi zitha kuchitika m'sitolo yapaintaneti. Pali kusankha kwakukulu kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, ndi mbali zina zoyimitsidwa. Mukhozanso kusankha zida zosinthira kwa zigawo zina ndi machitidwe a galimoto yanu.