Mankhwala a antifreeze g11, g12, g13
Kapangidwe kagawo
Maziko a zoziziritsa kukhosi (zozizira) ndi madzi osungunuka osakanikirana ndi mowa wa mono- ndi polyhydric mosiyanasiyana. Ma Corrosion inhibitors ndi zowonjezera za fulorosenti (zofiira) zimayambitsidwanso muzowonjezera. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol kapena glycerin (mpaka 20%) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mowa.
- madzi distillate
Madzi oyeretsedwa, ofewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupanda kutero, masikelo amtundu wa carbonate ndi phosphate madipoziti amapangidwa pamoto wa radiator ndi makoma a mapaipi.
- Ethanediol
Dihydric wodzaza mowa, wopanda mtundu komanso wopanda fungo. Mafuta owopsa amadzimadzi okhala ndi kuzizira kwa -12 °C. Lili ndi mphamvu zopangira mafuta. Kuti mupeze antifreeze okonzeka, osakaniza 75% ethylene glycol ndi 25% madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomwe zili muzowonjezera zimanyalanyazidwa (zochepera 1%).
- Propanediol
Ndi propylene glycol - homologue wapafupi kwambiri wa ethanediol wokhala ndi maatomu atatu a kaboni mu unyolo. Madzi opanda poizoni omwe amakoma pang'ono. Antifreeze yamalonda ikhoza kukhala ndi 25%, 50%, kapena 75% propylene glycol. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo kuposa ethanediol.
Mitundu ya zowonjezera
Ethylene glycol antifreeze yamagalimoto imatulutsa okosijeni pakapita nthawi yayitali ndipo imapanga glycolic, nthawi zambiri formic acid. Chifukwa chake, malo a acidic osagwirizana ndi zitsulo amapangidwa. Kupatula njira za okosijeni, zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zimalowetsedwa mu choziziritsa.
- Inorganic corrosion inhibitors
Kapena "zachikhalidwe" - zosakaniza zochokera ku silicates, nitrate, nitrite kapena phosphate salt. Zowonjezera zotere zimagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga cha alkaline ndikupanga filimu ya inert pamwamba pazitsulo, zomwe zimalepheretsa zotsatira za mowa ndi okosijeni. Ma antifreeze okhala ndi inorganic inhibitors amalembedwa "G11" ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wabuluu. Ma inorganic inhibitors amaphatikizidwa ndi antifreeze, mankhwala ozizira omwe amapangidwa m'nyumba. Moyo wautumiki ndi zaka 2 zokha.
- Ma Organic Inhibitors
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma inorganic inhibitors, ma analogue otetezeka komanso osagwirizana ndi mankhwala, ma carboxylates, apangidwa. Mchere wa carboxylic acid suteteza malo onse ogwirira ntchito, koma pakati pa dzimbiri, kuphimba malowo ndi filimu yopyapyala. Amatchedwa "G12". Moyo wautumiki - mpaka zaka 5. Amakhala ofiira kapena apinki.
- Zosakanizidwa
Nthawi zina, "organics" amasakanizidwa ndi "inorganics" kuti apeze antifreeze wosakanizidwa. Madziwo ndi osakaniza a carboxylates ndi mchere wamchere. Kutalika kwa ntchito sikuposa zaka 3. Mtundu wobiriwira.
- Lobrid
The zikuchokera tcheru mu nkhani yotere zikuphatikizapo mchere reagents ndi organic odana ndi dzimbiri zina. Zakale zimapanga nanofilm pamwamba pa zitsulo zonse, zomwe zimateteza madera owonongeka. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito imafika zaka 20.
Pomaliza
Chozizirirapo chimachepetsa kuzizira kwa madzi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kukula. Mankhwala a antifreeze ndi osakaniza amadzi osungunuka ndi ma alcohols, komanso amaphatikiza zoletsa corrosion ndi utoto.
